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Reference penile size measurement and correlation with other anthropometric dimensions:a prospective study in 800 men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第6期24卷 620-623页

作者： Martina Sole Ignacio Tobia Gonzalezi Martin Compagnucci Guadalupe Colucci Marcos Dalvit Bernardo Chiconi Omar A Layus Guillermo Gueglio Gaston Rey-Valzacchi Department of Urology at Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires C1199ABBArgentina Department of Urology at Sanatorio Allende Cordoba 5000Argentina Department of Urology at Hospital Privado de la Comunidad Mar del Plata 7600Argentina Department of Urology at Hospital Central Mendoza 5500Argentina

Virility and sexual pleasure have long been associated with penile size and this,in turn,has typically been linked to some anthropometric measurements,such as foot size or height,leading to various misconceptions from both men and women.Our intention is to estimate penile size parameters in Argentina and evaluate the correlation between penile size and certain anthropometric measurements.This is a cross-sectional,descriptive,multicenter,and observational study.Male patients who underwent a urological procedure were included in four hospitals located in different regions of the country.Different anthropometric measurements were obtained:height,weight,penile circumference,flaccid and stretched length,and foot length.A total of 8o0 patients were evaluated.Mean left foot was 26.4 cm.Mean flaccid penile length was 11.4(95%confidence interval[CI]:8-14)cm,and mean penile circumference was 10.1(95%CI:8-12)cm.Finally,mean stretched penis was 15.2(95%CI:11-18.5)cm.We can confirm that estimates of the average penile measurements in Argentina are flaccid penis length of 11.4 cm,penile circumference of 10.1 cm,and stretching the penis to the maximum in flaccidity of 15.2 cm.Correlations between flaccid penis length,stretched out,penile circumference,height,weight,and length of the left foot were evaluated,finding low or no correlation between those mentioned,exceptforflaccidand stretched length.

关键词： anthropometric measurements micropenis penile percentile

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APPLICATION OF GAMMA percentile TO RAINFALL CHANGE

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 1998年第1期4卷 100-105页

作者：叶瑾琳王绍武

Advantage and disadvantage of three rainfall indices were demonstrated. It indicates that the Gamma distribution provides a good fit to precipitation data and enables precipitation amounts to be accurately expressed in terms of probability in the rainfall analysis of large scale region. The relationship between SST in east equatorial Pacific and precipitation in China and India was also studied by Gamma percentile series.

关键词： rainfall amount anomaly percentage Gamma percentile

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Evaluation of the seismic hazard for 20 cities in Romania using Monte Carlo based simulations

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 513-523页

作者： Florin Pavel Radu Vacareanu Seismic Risk Assessment Research Center Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Romania

This work focuses on the evaluation of the seismic hazard for Romania using earthquake catalogues generated by a Monte Carlo approach. The seismicity of Romania can be attributed to the Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source and to 13 other crustal seismic sources. The recurrence times of large magnitude seismic events（both crustal and subcrustal）, as well as the moment release rates are computed using simulated earthquake catalogues. The results show that the largest contribution to the overall moment release for the crustal seismic sources is from the seismic regions in Bulgaria, while the seismic regions in Romania contribute less than 5% of the overall moment release. In addition, the computations show that the moment release rate for the Vrancea subcrustal seismic source is about ten times larger than that of all the crustal seismic sources. Finally, the Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the seismic hazard for 20 cities in Romania with populations larger than 100,000 inhabitants. The results show some differences between the seismic hazard values obtained through Monte-Carlo simulation and those in the Romanian seismic design code P100-1/2013, notably for cities situated in the western part of Romania that are influenced by local crustal seismic sources.

关键词： seismic sources uncertainty seismic moment GMPE percentile

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Balanced Quantization： An Effective and Efficient Approach toQuantized Neural Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2017年第4期32卷 667-682页

作者： Shu-Chang Zhou Yu-Zhi Wang He Wen Qin-Yao He Yu-Heng Zou University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Megvii Inc. Beijing 100190 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Quantized neural networks (QNNs), which use low bitwidth numbers for representing parameters and performing computations, have been proposed to reduce the computation complexity, storage size and memory usage. In QNNs, parameters and activations are uniformly quantized, such that the multiplications and additions can be accelerated by bitwise operations. However, distributions of parameters in neural networks are often imbalanced, such that the uniform quantization determined from extremal values may underutilize available bitwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel quantization method that can ensure the balance of distributions of quantized values. Our method first recursively partitions the parameters by percentiles into balanced bins, and then applies uniform quantization. We also introduce computationally cheaper approximations of percentiles to reduce the computation overhead introduced. Overall, our method improves the prediction accuracies of QNNs without introducing extra computation during inference, has negligible impact on training speed, and is applicable to both convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. Experiments on standard datasets including ImageNet and Penn Treebank confirm the effectiveness of our method. On ImageNet, the top-5 error rate of our 4-bit quantized GoogLeNet model is 12.7%, which is superior to the state-of-the-arts of QNNs.

关键词： quantized neural network percentile histogram equalization uniform quantization

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Modeling and Parameter Optimization of Statistical Priority-Based Multiple Access Protocol

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China Communications 2019年第9期16卷 45-61页

作者： Siying Gao Ming Yang Hui Yu Dept. of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The Statistical Priority-based Multiple Access Protocol(SPMA)is the de facto standard for Tactical Target Network Technology(TTNT)and has also been implemented in ad hoc networks.In this paper,we present a non-preemptive M/M/1/K queuing model to analyze the performance of different priorities in SPMA in terms of average packet loss rate and delay.And based on this queuing model,we designed a percentile scoring system combined with Q-learning algorithm to optimize the protocol parameters.The simulation results show that our theoretical model is closely matched with the reality,and the proposed algorithm improves the efficiency and accuracy in finding the optimal parameter set of SPMA protocol.

关键词： SPMA queuing model Q-learning percentile scoring system

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Analysis of Alignment Influence on 3-D Anthropometric Statistics

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第5期10卷 623-626页

作者：蔡秀文李志忠 CHANG Chien-Chi DEMPSEY Patrick Department of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety 71 Frankland Road Hopkinton MA 01748 USA

Three-dimensional （3-D） surface anthropometry can provide much more useful information for many applications such as ergonomic product design than traditional individual body dimension measurements. However, the traditional definition of the percentile calculation is designed only for 1-D anthropometric data estimates. The same approach cannot be applied directly to 3-D anthropometric statistics otherwise it could lead to misinterpretations. In this paper, the influence of alignment references on 3-D anthropometric statistics is analyzed mathematically, which shows that different alignment reference points （for example, landmarks） for translation alignment could result in different object shapes if 3-D anthropometric data are processed for percentile values based on coordinates and that dimension percentile calculations based on coordinate statistics are incompatible with those traditionally based on individual dimensions.

关键词： three-dimensional （3-D） anthropometry alignment percentile

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A Simple Chi-Square Statistic for Testing Homogeneity of Zero-Inflated Distributions

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Open Journal of Statistics 2015年第6期5卷 483-493页

作者： William D. Johnson Jeffrey H. Burton Robbie A. Beyl Jacob E. Romer Department of Biostatistics Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

Zero-inflated distributions are common in statistical problems where there is interest in testing homogeneity of two or more independent groups. Often, the underlying distribution that has an inflated number of zero-valued observations is asymmetric, and its functional form may not be known or easily characterized. In this case, comparisons of the groups in terms of their respective percentiles may be appropriate as these estimates are nonparametric and more robust to outliers and other irregularities. The median test is often used to compare distributions with similar but asymmetric shapes but may be uninformative when there are excess zeros or dissimilar shapes. For zero-inflated distributions, it is useful to compare the distributions with respect to their proportion of zeros, coupled with the comparison of percentile profiles for the observed non-zero values. A simple chi-square test for simultaneous testing of these two components is proposed, applicable to both continuous and discrete data. Results of simulation studies are reported to summarize empirical power under several scenarios. We give recommendations for the minimum sample size which is necessary to achieve suitable test performance in specific examples.

关键词： Asymptotic Chi-Square Test Equality of Quantiles Large Sample Test Nonparametric Test percentile Profiles Zero-Inflated Distributions

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Application of Bootstrap in Dose Apportionment of Nuclear Plants Via Uncertainty Modeling of the Effluent Released from Plants

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2012年第1期2卷 41-47页

作者： Debabrata Datta 不详

Nuclear power plants are always operated under the guidelines stipulated by the regulatory body. These guidelines basically contain the technical specifications of the specific power plant and provide the knowledge of the discharge limit of the radioactive effluent into the environment through atmospheric and aquatic route. However, operational constraints sometimes may violate the technical specification due to which there may be a failure to satisfy the stipulated dose apportioned to that plant. In a site having multi facilities sum total of the dose apportioned to all the facilities should be constrained to 1 mSv/year to the members of the public. Dose apportionment scheme basically stipulates the limit of the gaseous and liquid effluent released into the environment. Existing methodology of dose apportionment is subjective in nature that may result the discharge limit of the effluent in atmospheric and aquatic route in an adhoc manner. Appropriate scientific basis for dose apportionment is always preferable rather than judicial basis from the point of harmonization of establishing the dose apportionment. This paper presents an attempt of establishing the discharge limit of the gaseous and liquid effluent first on the basis of the existing value of the release of the same. Existing release data for a few years (for example 10 years) for any nuclear power station have taken into consideration. Bootstrap, a resampling technique, has been adopted on the existing release data sets to generate the corresponding population distribution of the effluent release. Cumulative distribution of the population distribution obtained is constructed and using this cumulative distribution, 95th percentile (upper bound) of the discharge limit of the radioactive effluents is computed. Dose apportioned for a facility is evaluated using this estimated upper bound of the release limit. Paper de- scribes the detail of the bootstrap method in evaluating the release limit and also presents the comparative study of the dose apportionment

关键词： Dose Apportionment Radioactive Effluent Cumulative Distribution Bootstrap percentile

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Impact of Extreme Precipitation Intensity on Tea Production in the North-East of Bangladesh

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第4期9卷 441-453页

作者： Murad Ahmed Farukh Md. Atiqur Rahman Sraboni Sarker Md. Azharul Islam Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a flood prone country where precipitation amount is irregular but sometimes extreme. Among the climatic parameters, precipitation is assumed as one of the vital indicators of ongoing climate change scenarios and is equally important for tea production. In this study, 7 and 9 tea estates of Sylhet and Sreemangal were selected to analyze tea production in relation to extreme precipitation intensity. Precipitation patterns namely 90th, 95th and 99th percentile were analyzed to find out the contribution of extreme precipitation and tea production. To attain the objectives, 3 hourly, daily, monthly, and total precipitation data from 1971 to 2014 were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department and Bangladesh Agricultural Development Board. Tea production data were collected from Bangladesh Tea Board, Sylhet. To find out extreme level of precipitation 90th, 95th, 99th percentile precipitation days were identified and analyzed. The analyses show that 1974, 1976, 1977, 1993, 1988, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 were extreme precipitation years. The average precipitation of Sylhet was higher in 2000 than in 1992 and 2014. In Sreemangal, extreme precipitation was higher in 2014 than in 1992 and 2000. For both the regions, tea production was higher in 2000 and lower in 1992 and 2014. The result shows that more extreme precipitation was responsible for higher amount of tea production. The results suggest that extreme precipitation intensity was one of the responsible factors for higher amount of tea production in Sylhet and Sreemangal.

关键词： Extreme Precipitation Tea Production percentile

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Updated Gestational Age Specific Birthweight Reference of Hong Kong Chinese Newborns and Comparison with Local and International Growth Charts

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第8期11卷 940-954页

作者： Irene W. Y. Lok Meliza C. W. Kong William W. K. To Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology United Christian Hospital Hong Kong China

Background: Different gestational age specific birthweight reference charts have been produced for different populations and ethnic groups over different time periods, mostly based on birthweight data. This study aims to update birthweight references for Hong Kong (HK) Chinese newborns to provide norms for identification of small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA) fetuses, and to verify whether there are significant differences compared to previously published local reference charts, as well as to other southern Chinese and international data. Methods: All singleton Chinese livebirths delivered in United Christian Hospital from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively included. The smoothed birthweight centiles at each gestation were computed. The birthweight centiles were then compared with other reference charts. Results: A total of 25,508 livebirths between 24 and 42 completed weeks of gestation were enrolled in the final analysis. The mean birthweights of our cohort were largely similar to previous studies at each gestation, but the 10th and 90th centile ra

关键词： Birthweight Intrauterine Growth percentile Hong Kong

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