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Patient safety practices and medical errors: Perception of health care providers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 162-170页

作者： Tsion Assefa Mirkuzie Woldie Shimeles Ololo Kifle Woldemichael Department of Epidemiology Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Department of Health Services Management Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia

Background: Even though evidences are limited in developing countries, the probability of patients being harmed in hospitals when receiving care might be much greater than that of the industrialized nations. Thus, aim of this study was to assess patient safety practice and the perceived prevalence of medical errors at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted during June, July and August 2010 in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Patient safety grade and the perceived prevalence of medical errors were computed descriptively. Then, the effect of various independent variables on patient safety grade was assessed using multiple linear regressions analysis. Result: The overall patient safety grade as rated by the participants was excellent (7.2%), very good (20.7%), acceptable (36.0%), poor (30.0%) and failing (6.4%). Complications related to anesthesia occurred sometimes, rarely and never according to 30.8%, 43% and 15.8% of the respondents, respectively. Death in low mortality patients was reported to occur most of the time by 10.4% of the respondents. In addition, failure to rescue, infection due to medical care, postoperative hemorrhage, postoperative sepsis, birth injury to the neonate, obstetric trauma to the mother were reported to happened. Supervisor expectation and actions promoting patient safety (p < 0.001), and communication openness and feedback about errors (p = 0.002) had positive correlation with patient safety grade. Conclusion: this study indicated that poor patient safety practice and potentially preventable medical errors in the hospital.

关键词： Patient Safety Patient Safety Grade perceived Prevalence of Medical Errors

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Latent Class Approach to Estimate the Willingness to Pay for Transit User Information

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第3期2卷 193-203页

作者： Pietro Zito Giuseppe Salvo Department of Energy – Transportation group University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Edificio 8 90128 Palermo Italy

The aim of analysis is to understand how unreliable information influences user behaviour and how much it discourages public transport use. For this purpose, a Stated Preference Survey was carried out in order to know the preferences of public transport users relating to information needs and uncertainty on the information provided by Advanced Traveller Information System (ATIS). The perceived uncertainty is defined as information inaccuracy. In our study, we considered the difference between forecasted or scheduled waiting time at the bus stop and/or metro station provided by ATIS, and that experienced by user, to catch the bus and/or metro. A questionnaire was submitted to an appropriate sample of Palermo’s population. A Latent Class Logit model was calibrated, taking into account attributes of cost, information inaccuracy, travel time, waiting time, and cut-offs in order to reveal preference heterogeneity in the perceived information. The calibrated model showed various sources of preference heterogeneity in the perceived information of public transport users as highlighted by the analysis reported. Finally, the willingness to pay was estimated, confirming a great sensitivity to the perceived information, provided by ATIS.

关键词： Preference Heterogeneity Latent Class Model perceived Information Uncertainty Willingness to Pay

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The Impact of Fitness between Consumers and Product-harm Crisis on the Online Dysfunctional Customer Behavior

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Asian Agricultural Research 2014年第5期6卷 22-26,30页

作者： Huichao LI Jiaojiao FENG Jun WANG College of Economics and Management Huazhong Agricultural University

With the popularization of the Internet,this technology has changed the form of information dissemination. The information will spread quickly when food product harm crisis happens,and the phenomenon that information of product-harm spills over is very common. This article is based on " Frustration- Misbehaving" research paradigm,combined with the information dissemination motivation theory,discusses that the fitness between the consumers and the crisis will promote consumers' dysfunctional customer behavior. The study found that the fitness between the consumers and the crisis has significant effect on consumers' dysfunctional customer behavior,perceived social damage has a mediator effect between fitness and consumers' misbehavior,and the moderating effect of consumers' aggression tendency is significant,but not the emotional tendency. The theoretical contribution and valuable implications of findings for communication of crisis management are discussed at last.

关键词： Product-harm crisis Fitness perceived social harm

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Estimation of Economic Value of Agroforestry Systems at the Local Scale in Eastern Sudan

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第9期3卷 38-56页

作者： Bashir Awad El Tahir Akshay Vishwanath Freelance Consultant Agroforestry and Ecosystems Analysis El Obeid Sudan People and Landscapes Programme Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Nairobi Kenya

The objective of this paper is to institute farmers’ own perceptions of the on-and off-farm benefits of agroforestry systems (AFS). Using use value approach, this paper presents empirical evidence on the use values of three types of AFS practiced by the refugees and their hosting communities in Eastern Sudan. The total economic value (TEV) was applied as a framework to estimate the ecosystem values of AFS under study. Goods values were estimated using specific market values, while the services values were qualitatively described according to local perceived values of the local communities. perceived TEV of AFS includes marketable and non-marketable goods and services. The main direct marketable and sustainable high value products include: food, cash crops, firewood, gum, fodder, NTFPs medicine, fodder, and honey. The valuation results reveal that AFS in the project sites have significantly contributed to the livelihoods of the local communities. Overall, the average net direct-use value of marketable products across all sites was estimated at 7,346,000.0 SDG (1,335,636.36 US$) HH/annum. Gum Arabic alone accounted for 38%, followed by sorghum grain and fodder 35%, and cash crops (sesame) 18%. This value would be many time higher if other indirect values (non-marketable) services such as shade, aesthetic and recreation, environmental protection, biodiversity and carbon sequestration are quantified. The goods and services mentioned above provide sustainable income to the farmer directly and viable benefits to the region indirectly. Hence, AFS in the study sites shows the way to reconcile two conflicting goals: short-term food and livelihood needs with long-term environmental conservation and improvement. The study provides evidence that the high local perceived values of AFS in the study sites constitute a central means of livelihood, whereas its contribution to the local economy. The study stresses the need to quantify the monetary values of non-marketed products to consistently account for resource availability an

关键词： Local perceived Values Marketable Products Natural Products Gum Arabic Non-Timber Forest Products

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COINAGE AND HISTORY:FROM THE GRECO-BACTRIAN KINGS TO THE KUSHAN

欧亚学刊

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欧亚学刊 2015年第1期 1-13页

作者： Michael Alram

The coins of the Greco-Bactrian kings are among the most magnificent of the Hellenistic era.The powerful,expressive portraits of the rules represent the climax of Greek portrait art and impressively document the sovereign self-perception of Alexander’s heirs in Central Asia and Northwest India.When Diodotos,the Seleucid satrap of Bactria,declared independence from his overlord AntiochusⅡ(261-246)(Pl.I-1)after 250 BCE

关键词： powerful perception expressive independence Greek document intersection Northwest perceived scene

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Validity of the Neck Meridian Test as a Measure of Stress

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2012年第4期1卷 81-85页

作者： Yasuhiro Honda Akira Tsuda Satoshi Horiuchi Department of Psychology Kurume University Kurume Japan Fukuoka Tenjin Medical Rehabilitation Academy Fukuoka Japan Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Sapporo Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Kojimachi Japan

The neck meridian test is a procedure in which the participant is requested to stretch the neck in four directions and rate the intensity of pain felt and/or symptoms. The total score of the four responses has been shown to correlate with the level of perceived stress, and it has been suggested that it may be possible to use this test as a measure of perceived stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of experimentally induced stress on the neck meridian test score. It was predicted that the neck meridian test score would increase only in participants who were exposed to stress manipulation. The participants were 19 male and 9 female college students (age, 34.1 ± 9.37 years) majoring in acupuncture and moxibustion medicine. The participants were randomly assigned to a stress group and a control group. All participants were requested to rest for 3 min and then complete the neck meridian test. Subsequently, they were administered a stress questionnaire. The participants in the stress group were instructed to prepare mentally for 3 min for a small 1-min examination that included performance in front of a judge, while those in the control group were requested to rest for additional 3 min. After each period, the participants completed the neck meridian test and were administered a stress questionnaire. The stress score increased significantly only in the stress group, indicating that the experimental protocol was a valid means of inducing a stressed state. The neck meridian test score also increased only in the stress group, providing supporting evidence that the neck meridian test is a valid tool for assessing perceived stress. It is suggested that the test could be used in future studies applying techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine to stress care.

关键词： Neck Meridian Test perceived Stress Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine

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Demographic Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life Among Urban and Rural Tuberculosis Patients in Kenya

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Journal of Human Physiology 2019年第2期1卷 1-7页

作者： Humphrey Mbuti Elizabeth Mwaniki Peter Warutere Francis Oguya Ronnie Midigo Technical University of Kenya Kenya

Background:Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest and disabling diseases in the world today.The infection exacts its greatest toll on individuals during their most productive years.TB patients record different perceived health related qualities of life(PHRQoL)which could be attributed to certain environmental,social and physical factors.The objective of the study was to determine the demographic factors associated with the PHRQoL among urban and rural Tuberculosis patients in Kenya.Cross sectional design was adopted.The study applied the multi-stage sampling technique.Random sampling method was used to select the TB clinics that participated in the study.Simple random sampling according to probability proportionate to TB patient’s population was preferred to select the study participants.Chisquare test determined association between the various demographic factors and the PHRQoL while ANOVA tests demonstrated the overall association of demographic factors and PHRQoL.Statistical Significance was evaluated at p0.05).These findings will persuade the TB management policy towards developing an intervention programs directed at the social-demographic characteristics of the TB patients for improved treatment outcomes.

关键词： Tuberculosis demographic factors Quality of life perceived health related quality of life

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Psychological and Social Health Status of Patients with Lung Diseases in Jordan

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Health 2014年第11期6卷 1143-1151页

作者： Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour Saleh N. Azzeghaiby Diana H. Arabiat Talal H. Al Badawi Al-Farabi College Riyadh KSA Department of Community Health Nursing Al Farabi College Riyadh KSA Faculty of Nursing The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Objective: The study aims to investigate the psychosocial health status of patients with pulmonary diseases in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using 230 patients diagnosed with lung diseases from six major hospitals in Jordan used to collect data in regards to depressive symptoms, psychological distress, coping, life satisfaction, and perceived social support. Data were collected from Jan 2013 to May 2013. Results: About 50% of the patients reported moderate levels of ability to effectively cope with life situations, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and perceived social support from family, friends and others. About 29% of the patients reported that they had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms had significant and negative correlation with life satisfaction and perceived social support (r = ﹣0.21 to ﹣0.39, p β = 2.72, p = 0.007), marital status (β = 2.63, p = 0.009), and life satisfaction (β = ﹣4.54, p ≤ 0.001) were the significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Health professionals need to screening for psychological disturbances for their patients. There should be integration between early detection of psychological disturbances and implementation of effective treatment plans.

关键词： Depressive Symptoms Psychological Distress Coping Life Satisfaction perceived Social Support Lung Diseases

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Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness in Swedish Patients with Mental Illness

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第3期7卷 123-130页

作者： Lars Jacobsson Magnus Lejon Anette Edin-Liljegren Department of Clinical Sciences Psychiatry Ume&#229 University Ume&#229 Sweden Center for Rural Medicin Storuman Sweden

Stigma and discrimination because of epilepsy, leprosy and HIV/aids has decreased over the years, but this has not happened as regards mental illness. One aspect of the stigma issue is what has been described as self-stigmatization, the way the mentally ill look at themselves. The aim of this study was to illuminate the self-perception of mentally ill persons in a Swedish setting. An internationally well established questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) was used to investigate two samples of out-patients from northern Sweden (N = 260). Fifty two percent reported “minimum stigma”, 35% “mild” and 13% “moderate/severe” stigma. As many as 58% agreed to the statement “I am embarrassed or ashamed that I have a mental illness”. The levels of internalized stigma are rather high, but somewhat lower than reported from some other European and an Iranian study using the same methodology. In spite of several campaigns aimed at reducing the stigma and discrimination because of mental illness in Sweden, still the experience of self stigma is rather high. There is an urgent need to further developed anti-stigma strategies.

关键词： Internalized Stigma perceived Discrimination Mental Disorders Sweden

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The Effect of Aerobic Indoor Exercise Compared with Green Exercise on Different Symptoms of Depression: An Investigation of Psychological Mediators of Stress and Coping

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2017年第3期6卷 197-212页

作者： Jafar Askari Alireza Saberi-Kakhki Hamidreza Taheri Seyyed Mojtaba Yassini Department of Psychology Imam Reza International University Mashhad Iran Department of Motor Behavior Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Department of Psychiatry Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran

Objectives: Considering the growing need for using a variety of new nonpharmacological methods in treating depression, this quasi experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic indoor exercise in a gym compared with green exercise in an outdoor green environment of an urban park on triple categories of affective, cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression and to examine its psychological mediators of perceived stress and coping strategies. Methods: Forty six female outpatients with major depressive disorder were divided into 3 conditions of indoor exercise + routine pharmacotherapy (n = 15), green exercise + routine pharmacotherapy (n = 15), and a routine pharmacotherapy alone as the control group (n = 16). The exercise used for both indoor and green exercise conditions consisted of 36 one hour sessions (three times per week) with an intensity of 50% - 70% of the maximum heart rate. The participants completed the pre- and post-intervention depression, stress and coping questionnaires including Beck Depression Inventory-II, perceived Stress Scale and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Results: The findings indicated a significant decrease in the post-intervention scores of all three categories of affective, cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression and perceived stress in both exercise groups compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between two exercise groups. With respect to the use of problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant-focused coping methods, there was no significant difference between post-intervention scores of all groups. Conclusion: In the clinical settings, both of the indoor exercise and green exercise programs can help to further improvement in all three categories of affective, cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression as an adjunct (or independent) treatment to the same degree, especially mediated by reducing the amount of perceived stress, but not through any significant changes in cognitive-behavioral coping strategies.

关键词： Exercise and Physical Activity Major Depressive Disorder perceived Stress Coping Strategies

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