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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第2期58卷 178-187页

作者： Ya-Nan Liu Yan Li Fu-Sheng Yang Xiao-Quan Wang State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Institute of Alpine Economic Plant Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lijiang 674100 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Floral nectar is thought to be one of the most important rewards that attract pollinators in pedicularis; however, few studies have examined variation of nectary structure and/or nectar secretion in the genus, particularly among closely related species. Here we investigated nectary morphology, nectar quality, and nectar production dynamics in flowers of pedicularis section Cyathophora. We found a conical floral nectary at the base of the ovary in species of the rex-thamnophila clade. Stomata were found on the sudace of the nectary, and copious starch grains were detected in the nectary tissues. In contrast, a semi-annular nectary was found in flowers of the species of the superba clade. Only a few starch grains were observed in tissues of the semi-annular nectary, and the nectar sugar concentration in these flowers was much lower than that in the flowers of the rexthamnophila clade. Our results indicate that the floral nectary has experienced considerable morphological, structural, and functional differentiation among closely related species of pedicularis. This could have affected nectar production, leading to a shift of the pollination mode. Our results also imply that variation of the nectary morphology and nectar production may have played an important role in the speciation of sect. Cyathophora.

关键词： pedicularis nectary nectar pollination reproductive isolation speciation section Cyathophora

Pollen size strongly correlates with stigma depth among pedicularis species

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第10期58卷 818-821页

作者： Xiang-Ping Wang Wen-Bin Yu Shi-Guo Sun Shuang-Quan Huang College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072China Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303China School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China

Summary Darwin proposed that pollen size should be positively correlated with stigma depth rather than style length among species given that pollen tubes first enter the stigma autotrophically, then grow through the style heterotrophically. However, studies often show a posi-tive relationship between pollen size and style length. Five floral traits were observed to be correlated among 42 bumblebee-pollinated pedicularis species （Orobancha- ceae） in which stigmas are distinct from styles. The phylogenetic independent contrast analysis revealed that pollen grain volume was more strongly correlated with stigma depth than with style length, consistent with Darwin＇s functional hypothesis between pollen size and stigma depth.

关键词： pedicularis phylogenetic comparative analysis pollen grain volume pollen tube growth stigma depth style length trait correlation

Antioxidant activity and potential ameliorating effective ingredients for high altitude-induced fatigue from Gansu Maxianhao(pedicularis Kansuensis Maxim.)

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第1期40卷 83-93页

作者： Yu Lijun Cao Xinyuan Tao Wendi Li Maoxing Li Xiaolin Chen Liping Department of Pharmacy Gansu People Hospital of PLALanzhou 730000China Department of Pharmacy The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA&Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Cure for the Plateau Environment Damage of PLALanzhou 730050China Department of Pharmacy Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Pharmacy Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000China Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antioxidant property and potential ameliorating effective ingredients for high altitude-induced fatigue from Gansu Maxianhao(pedicularis Kansuensis Maxim.).METHODS:Macroporous adsorptive resin combined with polyamide chromatographic column was used to obtain water extract(P1),high polar part(P2),iridoid glycosides part(P3)and phenylethanoid glycosides part(P4)of Gansu Maxianhao(pedicularis Kansuensis Maxim.).Antioxidant activity of each part was investigated employing a series of in vitro models.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,analysis of blood biochemical parameters,along with molecular analyses examining oxidative stress makers,metabolite,metabolic enzyme and energy substance in liver,skeletal muscle and/or serum were further measured.RESULTS:The results showed phenylethanoid glycosides(Ph Gs)exhibited more effective with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability,2-2-Azinbis(3-ehtylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfnic Acid)Diammonium Salt+scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,reducing ability and antioxidant activity to varying extents.Under a hypobaric hypoxia attack in a hypobaric chamber(8000 m,7 consecutive days),Ph Gs was administered to BALB/C mice at doses of 50,200,400 mg/kg and antifatigue property was evaluated using a swimming test at an altitude of 4000 m.The results showed that Ph Gs of Gansu Maxianhao(pedicularis Kansuensis Maxim.)could significantly prolong the burden swimming time of mice,reduce the hypoxia-induced oxidative stress,remove the accumulated products of metabolism,improve the energy metabolism as well as improve preservation of endogenous glycogen stores.CONCLUSION:The ameliorating effect against altitude-induced fatigue of Ph Gs from Gansu Maxianhao(pedicularis Kansuensis Maxim.)might come from the alleviation of oxidative stress,reduction of the adverse metabolic products,normalizing energy metabolism and increasing energy substances reserves.Ph Gs is a potential antioxidant and novel remedy for fatigue due to high-altitude hypoxia.

关键词： pedicularis Glycosides Antioxidants Fatigue Hypoxia

DNA barcoding of pedicularis L.(Orobanchaceae):Evaluating four universal barcode loci in a large and hemiparasitic genus

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第5期49卷 425-437页

作者： Richard H.REE Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History

One application of DNA barcoding is species identification based on sequences of a short and standardized DNA region.In plants,various DNA regions,alone or in combination,have been proposed and investigated,but consensus on a universal plant barcode remains elusive.In this study,we tested the utility of four candidate barcoding regions(rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)) as DNA barcodes for discriminating species in a large and hemiparasitic genus pedicularis(Orobanchaceae).Amplification and sequencing was successful using single primer pairs for rbcL,trnH-psbA,and ITS,whereas two primer pairs were required for matK.Patterns of sequence divergence commonly showed a "barcoding gap",that is,a bimodal frequency distribution of pairwise distances representing genetic diversity within and between species,respectively.Considering primer universality,ease of amplification and sequencing,and performance in discriminating species,we found the most effective single-region barcode for pedicularis to be ITS,and the most effective two-region barcode to be rbcL + ITS.Both discriminated at least 78% of the 88 species and correctly identified at least 89% of the sequences in our sample,and were effective in placing unidentified samples in known species groups.Our results suggest that DNA barcoding has the potential to aid taxonomic research in pedicularis,a species-rich cosmopolitan clade much in need of revision,as well as ecological studies in its center of diversity,the Hengduan Mountains region of China.

关键词： DNA barcode Hengduan Mountains region ITS pedicularis rbcL species identification.

Pollen-Ovule Ratio and Gamete Investment in pedicularis （Orobanchaceae）

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第2期49卷 238-245页

作者： Chun-Feng Yang You-Hao Guo College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

The pedicularis species provides ideal materials to study floral evolution because of their substantial flower variation based on a narrow genetic basis, even though they are almost exclusively pollinated by bumblebee. These traits allow us to detect the evolutionary trends of floral parameters without considering genetic background and the difference of pollination vectors. The pollen-ovule ratio is widely used to estimate the pattern of resource investment in two sexual functions in flowering plants. Forty species representing all of the corolla types in Pedicularls were used to study pollen-ovule ratio, gamete investment, and their correlations. Results show that pollen-ovule ratio does not differ among both different corolla types and taxonomic groups. It is therefore suggested that pollen-ovule ratio should be a parallel evolution. The correlations between pollen-ovule ratio and pollen size （-）, and ovule size （＋） can be successfully explained in terms of sex allocation theory. The biological significance of such relationships was also discussed. Additionally, we analyzed the pattern of resource investment into female gamete, which has been somewhat neglected, and found that plants have different patterns of gamete investment between the two sexual functions.

关键词： gamete investment ovule size pedicularis pollen-ovule ratio pollen size pollination sex allocation.

Reaction of hydroxyl radical with phenylpropanoid glycosides from pedicularis species: a pulse radiolysis study

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1996年第2期39卷 154-158页

作者：王潘奋郑荣梁高建军贾忠建王文峰姚思德张加山林念芸 Department of Biology State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Biology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 China Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China

Using pulse radiolysis technique, the reaction between hydroxyl radical and 7 phenylpropanoidglycosides: echinacoside, verbascoside, leucosceptoside A, martynoside, pediculariosides A, M and N which were isolated from pedicularis were examined. The rate constants of these reactions were determined by transient absorption spectra. All 7 phenylpropanoid glycosides react with hydroxyl radical at high rate constants within (0.97-1.91)×1010L · mol-1 · s-1. suggesting that they are effective hydroxyl radical scavengers. The results demonstrate that the numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups of phenylpropanoid glycosides are directly related to their scavenging activities. The scavenging activities are likely related to o-dihydroxy group of phenylpropanoid glycosides as well.

关键词： phenylpropanoid glycosides pedicularis hydroxyl radical pulse radiolysis rate constant scavenging effect.

N-P fertilization did not reduce AMF abundance or diversity but alter AMF composition in an alpine grassland infested by a root hemiparasitic plant

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Plant Diversity 2018年第3期40卷 117-126页

作者： Xuezhao Wang Xiaolin Sui Yanyan Liu Lei Xiang Ting Zhang Juanjuan Fu Airong Li Peizhi Yang Department of Grassland Science College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fertilization has been shown to have suppressive effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and root hemiparasites separately in numerous investigations, but its effects on AMF in the presence of root hemiparasites remain untested. In view of the contrasting nutritional effects of AMF and root hemiparasites on host plants, we tested the hypothesis that fertilization may not show strong suppressive effects on AMF when a plant community was infested by abundant hemiparasitic plants. Plants and soil samples were collected from experimental field plots in Bayanbulak Grassland, where N and P fertilizers had been applied for three continuous years for control against a spreading root hemiparasite, pedicularis kansuensis. Shoot and root biomass of each plant functional group were determined. Root AMF colonization levels, soil spore abundance, and extraradical hyphae length density were measured for three soil depths(0 e10 cm, 10 e20 cm, 20 e30 cm). Partial 18 S r RNA gene sequencing was used to detect AMF diversity and community composition. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between relative abundance of different AMF genera and environmental factors using Spearman's correlation method. In contrast to suppressive effects reported by many previous studies, fertilization showed no significant effects on AMF root colonization or AMF species diversity in the soil. Instead, a marked increase in soil spore abundance and extraradical hyphae length density were observed. However, fertilization altered relative abundance and AMF composition in the soil. Our results support the hypothesis that fertilization does not significantly influence the abundance and diversity of AMF in a plant community infested by P. kansuensis.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Fertilization Community structure Alpine grassland ecosystem pedicularis

A neglected alliance in battles against parasitic plants: AM and rhizobial symbioses alleviate damage to a legume host by root hemiparasitic pedicularis species

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A neglected alliance in battles against parasitic plants: AM...

A neglected alliance in battles against parasitic plants: AM and rhizobial symbioses alleviate damage to a legume host by root hemiparasitic pedicularis species

中国菌物学会2018年学术年会

作者： Xiao-Lin Sui Ting Zhang Yu-Qing Tian Rui-Juan Xue Ai-Rong Li Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite their ubiquitous distribution and significant ecological roles, soil microorganisms have long been neglected in investigations addressing parasitic plant-host interactions. Because nutrient deprivation is a primary cause of host damage by parasitic plants, we hypothesized that beneficial soil microorganisms conferring nutrient benefits to parasitized hosts may play important roles in alleviating damage. We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to test the inoculation effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungus（Glomus mosseae）, a rhizobium（Rhizobium leguminosarum）and their interactive effects, on alleviation of damage to a legume host（Trifolium repens） by two root hemiparasitic plants with different nutrient requirements（N-demanding pedicularis rex and P-demanding P. tricolor）. This is the first study to test interactive effects of AM fungi and rhizobia on parasitic plant-host interactions. The knowledge obtained will not only enable better understanding of the function of soil microorganisms in alleviating host damage induced by root hemiparasites,but also help broaden understanding of how multiple contrasting associations with an individual host affect each other. Our results demonstrated strong effects of beneficial microorganisms on alleviating host damage by root hemiparasites. By using two root hemiparasites with contrasting nutrient requirements, we showed that the relative benefits of microbial inoculation were related to different nutritional interactions between the host and hemiparasites. The results also showed, though indirectly, that different hemiparasites may impose differential nutrient deprivation on their hosts. Future work needs to take soil microorganisms into account when addressing host-parasite interactions involving root hemiparasitic plants.Investigations of the multi-species interactions along a gradient of nutrient supply will increase understanding of regulation mechanisms influencing the interactions between such nutrient-driving symbioses.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi dual inoculation legume host multi-species interaction nutritional symbioses pedicularis rhizobia root hemiparasitic plant

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A neglected alliance in battles against parasitic plants: AM...

Peeking into the underground relationships: interactions between root hemiparasitic pedicularis species and their biotic/abiotic environments

中国植物学会第十六次全国会员代表大会暨85周年学术年会

作者： Xiaolin Sui Ting Zhang Yuqing Tian Ruijuan Xue Airong Li Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite their ubiquitous distribution and significant ecological roles,soil microorganisms have long been neglected in investigations addressing parasitic planthost interactions.Because nutrient deprivation is a primary cause of host damage by parasitic plants,we hypothesized that beneficial soil microorganisms conferring nutrient benefits to parasitized hosts may play important roles in alleviating damage.We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to test the inoculation effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungus（Glomus mosseae）,a rhizobium（Rhizobium leguminosarum） and their interactive effects,on alleviation of damage to a legume host（Trifolium repens） by two root hemiparasitic plants with different nutrient requirements（N-demanding pedicularis rex and P-demanding P.tricolor）.This is the first study to test interactive effects of AM fungi and rhizobia on parasitic plant-host interactions.The knowledge obtained will not only enable better understanding of the function of soil microorganisms in alleviating host damage induced by root hemiparasites,but also help broaden understanding of how multiple contrasting associations with an individual host affect each other.Our results demonstrated strong effects of beneficial microorganisms on alleviating host damage by root hemiparasites.By using two root hemiparasites with contrasting nutrient requirements,we showed that the relative benefits of microbial inoculation were related to different nutritional interactions between the host and hemiparasites.The results also showed,though indirectly,that different hemiparasites may impose differential nutrient deprivation on their hosts.Future work needs to take soil microorganisms into account when addressing host-parasite interactions involving root hemiparasitic plants.Investigations of the multi-species interactions along a gradient of nutrient supply will increase understanding of regulation mechanisms influencing the interactions between such nutrient-driving symbioses.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi dual inoculation legume host multi-species interaction nutritional symbioses pedicularis rhizobia root hemiparasitic plant

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Peeking into the underground relationships: interactions bet...