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pedestrian evacuation at the subway station under fire

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第4期25卷 486-494页

作者：杨晓霞董海荣姚秀明孙绪彬 State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Belting Jiaotong University Belting 100044 China

With the development of urban rail transit, ensuring the safe evacuation of pedestrians at subway stations has become an important issue in the case of an emergency such as a fire. This paper chooses the platform of line 4 at the Beijing Xu- anwumen subway station to study the emergency evacuation process under fire. Based on the established platform, effects of the fire dynamics, different initial pedestrian densities, and positions of fire on evacuation are investigated. According to simulation results, it is found that the fire increases the air temperature and the smoke density, and decreases pedestrians＇- visibility and walking velocity. Also, there is a critical initial density at the platform if achieving a safe evacuation within the required 6 minutes. Furthermore, different positions of fire set in this paper have little difference on crowd evacuation if the fire is not large enough. The suggestions provided in this paper are helpful for the subway operators to prevent major casualties.

关键词： pedestrian evacuation FDS + Evac subway station fire social force model

Exit selection strategy in pedestrian evacuation simulation with multi-exits

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第5期23卷 195-207页

作者：岳昊张滨雅邵春福邢燕 MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Tianjin Bohai Urban Planning & Design Institute

A mixed strategy of the exit selection in a pedestrian evacuation simulation with multi-exits is constructed by fusing the distance-based and time-based strategies through a cognitive coefficient, in order to reduce the evacuation imbalance caused by the asymmetry of exits or pedestrian layout, to find a critical density to distinguish whether the strategy of exit selection takes effect or not, and to analyze the exit selection results with different cognitive coefficients. The strategy of exit selection is embedded in the computation of the shortest estimated distance in a dynamic parameter model, in which the concept of a jam area layer and the procedure of step-by-step expending are introduced. Simulation results indicate the characteristics of evacuation time gradually varying against cognitive coefficient and the effectiveness of reducing evacuation imbalance caused by the asymmetry of pedestrian or exit layout. It is found that there is a critical density to distinguish whether a pedestrian jam occurs in the evacuation and whether an exit selection strategy is in effect. It is also shown that the strategy of exit selection has no effect on the evacuation process in the no-effect phase with a low density, and that evacuation time and exit selection are dependent on the cognitive coefficient and pedestrian initial density in the in-effect phase with a high density.

关键词： pedestrian evacuation exit selection strategy critical density dynamic parameters

Simulation of pedestrian evacuation based on an improved dynamic parameter model

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第5期21卷 66-75页

作者：朱诺贾斌邵春福岳昊 MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology Beijing Jiaotong University

An improved dynamic parameter model is presented based on cellular *** dynamic parameters,including direction parameter,empty parameter,and cognition parameter,are formulated to simplify tactically the process of making decisions for *** improved model reflects the judgement of pedestrians on surrounding conditions and the action of choosing or *** to the two-dimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood we establish the pedestrian moving rule,and carry out corresponding simulations of pedestrian *** improved model considers the impact of pedestrian density near exits on the evacuation *** and experimental results demonstrate that the improvement makes sense due to the fact that except for the spatial distance to exits,people also choose an exit according to the pedestrian density around *** impact factors 伪,尾,and 纬 are introduced to describe transition payoff,and their optimal values are determined through ***,the effects of pedestrian distribution,pedestrian density,and the width of exits on the evacuation time are *** optimal exit layout,i.e.,the optimal position and width,is *** comparison between the simulated results obtained with the improved model and that from a previous model and experiments indicates that the improved model can reproduce experimental results ***,it has great significance for further study,and important instructional meaning for pedestrian evacuation so as to reduce the number of casualties.

关键词： cellular automata pedestrian evacuation dynamic parameter evacuation time

Impact of Variable Step Size on pedestrian evacuation

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Impact of Variable Step Size on Pedestrian Evacuation

The Role of the Spatial Network in Urban Disaster Risk Variations:Reimagining the Notion of Spatial Vulnerability at the Urban Scale

第36届中国控制会议

作者： Hua-Yan Shang Shan Wang School of Information Capital University of Economics and Business

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

This paper presents an extended mobile lattice gas model allowing pedestrian’s variable step size and reveals the effects of various walking step size on pedestrian *** possible sizes are scanned before determining the moving directions and the impacts of the step size on pedestrian’s path selection are *** evacuation process of pedestrians from a room with an exit is *** simulation results show that pedestrians with variable moving step size evacuate more quickly than those with fixed step size.

关键词： pedestrian evacuation Mobile lattice gas model Walking step size

来源： cnki会议评论

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 303-316页

作者： Monia Del Pinto Ksenia Chmutina Falli Palaiologou Lee Bosher School of Architecture Building and Civil Engineering Loughborough University School of Business University of Leicester

The notion of “spatial vulnerability” is present in most disaster studies with a strong geographical connotation and accordingly is adopted at all scales, including the urban. While enabling mapping and visualizing risk patterns at macroscales, this geocentric foundation fails to capture disaster risk dynamics associated with the urban spatial network—an element that plays a significant role in the everyday and emergency functioning of cities, enabling users' movement and interaction. Yet,urban vulnerability assessment overlooks this aspect and thus leaves urban disaster risk mechanisms partially *** study investigated the role of the network of urban public open spaces(UPOS) in the creation and progression of urban disaster risk in earthquake-prone settlements. Through a multimethod approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods and explores spatial configuration, planning policies, and practices of use of UPOS in everyday and emergency scenarios, our study demonstrated that UPOS configuration plays an active role in urban disaster risk. Urban public open spaces impact risk by influencing the exposure of pedestrians and their capacity for self-protection. The study further reconceptualized spatial vulnerability at the urban scale, as the fraction of vulnerability associated to the spatial network, highlighting the interplay of planning policies and spatial practices in its production and progression. Our findings make the notion of spatial vulnerability less ambiguous at the urban scale, by viewing the variable as an imbalance in capacities and exposure that generates spatially unsafe conditions. This refined conceptualization of spatial vulnerability becomes a lens for a more granular approach to urban disaster risk reduction and city planning by identifying and integrating sociospatial considerations.

关键词： Central Italy Earthquakes pedestrian evacuation Space syntax Spatial vulnerability Urban disaster risk