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The Effects of peanut Intercropping with Different Gramineous Species and Their Intercropping Model on Iron Nutrition of peanut

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第3期2卷 289-296页

作者： ZUOYuan－mei ZHANGFu－suo KeyLaboratoryofPlantNutrition MinistryofAgriculture／KeyLaboratoryofPlant－SoilInteractionsMinistryofEducation／DepartmentofPlantNutritionChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094P.R. KeyLaboratoryofP

The effects of peanut intercropped with five different gramineous species with different phyto-siderophore release rate on iron nutrition of peanut were studied in field experiment. The rate of phyto-siderophore release of five gramineous species was as following: barley>oats>wheat>>maize>sorghum. The results showed that intercropping of peanut with five gramineous species could improve iron nutrition of peanut respectively. This indicated that root exudates, especially for phytosiderophore of gramineous plants played an important role in improvement of iron nutrition of peanut. Although phytosiderophore release rates of maize and sorghum were lower than those of barley, oats and wheat, the five gramineous species had the same effects on iron improvement of peanut. The less phytosiderophore release of maize was enough to improve iron nutrition of peanut in intercropping system. For every intercropping system, intercropping model I ( the ratio of gramineous plants : peanut : gramineous plants was 2 : 3:2) was much better in improvement of iron nutrition of peanut than that of intercropping model I (the ratio of gramineous plants : peanut: gramineous plants was 2: 6:2). This led to have greater rhizosphere effect of gramineous plants on iron nutrition of peanut in intercropping model I than intercropping model I .

关键词： Gramineous species peanut Intercropping Iron nutrition

The Changes of Photosynthetic Properties and Cell Microstructure in peanut Leaves during Leaf Senescence

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第4期1卷 410-416页

作者： LI Xiang-dong, WANG Xiao-yun, YU Song-lie, ZHANG Gao-ying, WAN Yong-shan and LI Jun(’ College of Agronomy Life Science Academy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R. China) College of Agronomy Life Science Academy Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P.R. China

The changes of photosynthetic properties and cell microstructure in peanut leaves during leaf senescence were studied with two high-yielding peanut cultivars (cv. Luhuall and Fu8707). The main results showed that during the whole process of leaf growth and senescence, changes in the photosynthesis rate (Pn) and contents of chlorophyll in leaves, could be described with a parabolic function, y = A + Bx + Cx2 (where y refers to the values of the above parameters and x to the days after leaf unfolding). During peanut leaf senescence , the shape of chloroplast changed gradually from long ellipses to *** starch globule in chloroplast altered gradually from more and larger sizes to fewer and smaller, but the oil globule from fewer and smaller to more and larger. The grana lamellae varied progressively: from thinness and length to thickness and shortness; from ranking along the long axle direction of chloroplast to disorderly arrangment and finally blurring. At last, the membrane envelope of chloroplast broke, so the inclusion seeped out to the cell and the chloroplast broke up.

关键词： peanut Leaf senescence Photosynthetic properties Cell microstructure

Prevalence of peanut Allergy in Offspring of peanut Farmers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 29-37页

作者： Amanda Jagdis Gary Liss Soheila Maleki Peter Vadas Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology St. Michael’s Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health Gage Occupational and Environmental Health Unit University of Toronto Toronto Canada Food Allergy Research USDA-ARS-SRRC New Orleans USA Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology St. Michael’s Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Introduction: While exposure to environmental peanut during infancy appears to promote sensitization by the epicutaneous route, early and frequent peanut ingestion during infancy may prevent peanut allergy through oral tolerance. Due to parental occupation, the offspring of peanut farmers are likely exposed to peanut protein in their environment, but they may also have early introduction into their diet due to ready access. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of peanut allergy in offspring of peanut farmers. Methods: A survey was mailed by the National peanut Board to peanut farmers in the United States collecting information on peanut consumption, peanut reactions, physician-confirmed peanut allergy (PA), epinephrine auto-injector prescription and history of other allergies in offspring. Egg allergy (EA) served as a comparator to peanut allergy. Results: Of 10,349 households surveyed, 1050 responses were received (2493 offspring, participation rate 10%). The self-reported prevalence of peanut allergy in the general population in the USA is 0.9%, 1.3%, and 0.7% for children 0 - 5 years, 6 - 10 years, and 11 - 17 years, respectively. In offspring of peanut farmers, PA vs EA was reported in 3.69% (10/271) vs 2.6% (7/271), 2.8% (14/493) vs 2.0% (10/493), and 1.48% (37/2493) vs 1.4% (35/2493) of offspring ≤10 years, offspring ≤15 years and all offspring, respectively. Physician-confirmed PA was reported in 3.3% (9/271), 2.6% (13/493), and 1.24% (31/2493) in the three groups, respectively. Physician-confirmed PA with epinephrine auto-injector prescription was reported in1.8% (5/271), 1.8% (9/493), and 0.68% (17/2493) in the three groups, respectively. Conclusions: We found that the self-reported prevalence of peanut allergy in offspring of peanut farmers was similar to that reported in the general population. This is a unique population that may provide insight into factors that influence development of peanut allergy.

关键词： peanut Allergy Prevalence Sensitization peanut Farmers Offspring

Adsorption of cytochrome c by succinic anhydride-modified peanut shells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 14-19页

作者： Linjing Li Xiaomei Sun Buhai Li Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry The State Ethnic Affairs Commission College of Chemistry and Materials Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China

A novel adsorbent based on peanut shells modified with glutaraldehyde and succinic anhydride was prepared. Factors affecting the adsorption capacity, such as the pH, temperature, adsorption time, initial cytochrome c (cyt c) concentration and NaCl ionic strength, were extensively investigated. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the modified peanut shells (MPSs) was 432.6 mg/g when 10 mL of cyt c solution was adsorbed by 20 mg of MPSs at pH 5.0 for 3 h. In contrast, the adsorption capacities of the unmodified peanut shells (PSs), alkaline peanut shells (APSs) and crosslinked peanut shells (CPSs) were only 100.6, 180.3, and 173.0 mg/g, respectively, 4.3-, 2.4-, and 2.5-fold lower, respectively, than that of the modified shells. The desorption rate reached 89.9% with 1.5 mol/L NaCNS as an eluent, because the electrostatic attraction between the positive charges of the protein and the negative charges of the MPSs was reduced when the ionic strength was increasing. The MPSs were used to separate and purify cytochrome c from pig myocardium. A purification of 13.5-fold in a single step with a total enzyme activity recovery of 74.0% was achieved.

关键词： peanut Shells Modification Adsorption Purification Cytochrome c Enzyme Activity

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of peanut Skin Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 22-32页

作者： Wanida E. Lewis Gabriel K. Harris Timothy H. Sanders Brittany L. White Lisa L. Dean Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA Market Quality and Handling Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Raleigh USA.

peanut skins are regarded as a low economic value by-product of the peanut industry;however, they contain high levels of bioactive compounds including catechins and procyanidins, which are known for their health-promoting properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity of peanut skin extracts (PSE) has been reported but the associated anti-inflammatory properties have not been widely examined. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PSE on the pro-inflammatory enzyme, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, on its downstream product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and on nitrous oxide (NO) levels. Defatted peanut skins were extracted using two aqueous solvent mixtures (50% acetone and 90% ethanol), in order to compare the effects of the two solvent systems on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. PSE antioxidant activity was determined by the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) assay, while total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and flavan-3-ols and procyanidins were quantified by HPLC. Acetone extracted PSE (A-PSE) exhibited numerically, but not statistically higher H-ORAC and total phenolic values than the ethanol extracted PSE (E-PSE) (1836 μmol Trolox/100 g and 67.9 mg GAE/g, and 1830 μmol Trolox/100 g and 51.8 GAE/g respectively). A-PSE also had higher levels of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins than E-PSE. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (v/v) of A-PSE or E-PSE and induced with the inflammatory marker, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 hours. COX-2 protein expression, measured by Western blotting was significantly (p 2 and NO levels measured by ELISA, were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing added levels of A-PSE and E-PSE suggesting that A-PSE and E-PSE not also possess similar antioxidant properties, but also exhibit similar anti-inflammatory effects.

关键词： peanut Skins Antioxidants Anti-Inflammatory Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Nitric Oxide (NO) Procyanidins

Biocontrol potential of reducing aflatoxin contamination by an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus. isolated from peanut

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Oil Crop Science 2016年第1期1卷 45-51页

作者： Liying YAN Yanping KANG Yong LEI Liyun WAN Dongxin HUAI Huifang JIANG Xiaoping REN Boshou LIAO Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of AgricultureOil Crop Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

An Aspergillus section flavi isolate (NAFFHB396) was isolated from a peanut *** was identified as Aspergillus flavus based on morphology and molecular *** produced yellow to green-colored conidia on CYA medium and colonies with bright orange in color on AFPA ***396 was grouped with *** NRRL21882 and NRRL3357 by phylogenetic analysis of partial calmodulin sequence *** was found that 12 genes were absent in aflatoxin gene cluster in *** result further showed that it was an atoxigenic ***-inoculation of NAFFHB396 with a high aflatoxin producer AF2202 at the ratio of 1:1 both on CYA medium and peanut kernel resulted in reduction of aflatoxin production by 88.7％ and 99.8％ *** results suggested that the atoxigenic NAFFHB396 obtained in this study had a great potential to be a biocontrol agent to reduce aflatoxin contamination of peanut in China.

关键词： peanut aflatoxin atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin gene cluster biocontrol

Effect of Ribose on Mature/Immature Raw peanut Proteins and Their Allergenic Properties

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 294-300页

作者： Si-Yin Chung 不详

Mature and immature roasted peanuts are reportedly different in the level of Maillard reaction adducts (MRA) and IgE binding (i.e., allergenic capacity). Heating and sugar-protein interaction are the cause for the difference. The objective of this study was to determine if mature and immature raw peanuts (not roasted) are also different through treatment with a reducing sugar such as ribose, glucose or fructose at a mild temperature. Extracts from mature and immature raw peanuts were treated with individual sugars at 37?C and 50?C, respectively, for 0 - 10 days, and then assayed for MRA with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in a time-course manner for 60 min. IgE binding was determined in an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a pooled plasma from peanut-allergic individuals. Of the sugars tested, only ribose produced a big difference or a unique curve pattern in MRA between treated mature and immature peanuts. The unique curve pattern was more pronounced at 50?C (day 5 - 10) than at 37?C. IgE binding under this condition increased, but only with the ribose-treated mature raw peanut. It was concluded that mature and immature raw peanuts were different in MRA and IgE binding when treated with ribose only, and that under such a condition, mature and immature raw peanuts could be identified.

关键词： Maillard Reaction Ribose peanut Maturity and Allergenic Properties Nitroblue Tetrazolium IgE

Involvement of Root Hair during RhizobialInvasion in Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第8期9卷 1646-1659页

作者： James Maku Liping Wang Fengxia Liu Lixia Liu Karen Kelley Ze Peng Jianping Wang Agronomy Department College of Agriculture and Life Science University of Florida Gainesville USA Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics China Agricultural University Beijing China Agronomy Department Dezhou University Dezhou China Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research University of Florida Gainesville USA

peanut root invasion by Bradyrhizobia is through a crack entry, which is different from many other legumes applying an infection thread entry in root hair. Understanding the role of root hair in the crack entry of Bradyrhizobia invasion of peanut root and subsequent peanut nodulation would facilitate improvement of biological nitrogen fixation in cultivated peanut. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of root hair in Bradyrhizobial invasion of peanut. Seedling roots of a nodulating peanut cultivar were observed for root hair emergence, its life span, and nodule formation at the base of the lateral roots with and without rhizobia inoculation for 14 days after germination (DAG). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe rhizobia accumulation at lateral roots at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) before the emergence of root hair. Root hair emerged at 7 DAG with or without rhizobia inoculation. Two variations of rosette hair (RoH) were observed, the transient-thin RoH had life span of 3 days after root hair emergence and the thick and densely distributed RoH type stayed till the time of nodule emergence (9 days after inoculation). The lateral root devoid of root hair at the top 2 cm region was found to produce nodules. The SEM observation of seedling roots at 24 HAI showed that Bradyrhizobia invaded the roots at epidermis, protoplasm of cortical cell, and cortical cells of the main root near the newly emerged lateral root in the absence of RoH. The observations validated that root hair is not required in the Bradyrhizobia invasion of peanut root in the crack entry mode. Results from this study provided important morphological information for the hypothesis of close relationship between RoH and peanut nodulation for further genetic study of crack entry mechanism and signaling pathway of symbiosis between Bradyrhizobia and peanut.

关键词： Cultivated peanut Crack Entry Bradyrhizobia Root Hair Nodulation

DOF transcription factors in developing peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2012年第1期2卷 60-71页

作者： Haiyan Yan Jiaquan Huang Boshou Liao Xianqing Lan Qiuting Luo Junlong Tang Life Sciences College South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan China

DNA binding with one finger (DOF) transcription factors play important roles in storage material accumulation and morphogenesis of developing seeds. Oil and protein contents varied in different cultivars in important oil crop peanut. DOF proteins have not been studied in this crop. In this paper, we analyzed all the DOF genes expressed in developing seeds from a cDNA library with 20,000 transcripts, cloned and compared similar genes of GW391729 from eight peanut cultivars, and analyzed similar genes expressed in root and leave with control and inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum. The results indicate that total eight types of DOF genes were expressed in developing seeds of cultivar 063103. Most of DOF transcription factors expressed involved in developmental process in a complicated way. Among them, GW391729 is possible related to the seed number in fruit, and also is possible related to leafspot resistance. Detailed function of these DOF proteins need to be further studied.

关键词： DOF Leafspot peanut Seed Development Seed Number