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Magnesium fertilizer application increases Peanut growth and pod yield under reduced nitrogen application in southern China

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 915-926页

作者： Yu Gao Ruier Zeng Suzhe Yao Ying Wang Jianguo Wang Shubo Wan Wei Hu Tingting Chen Lei Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250100ShandongChina College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina

This study investigated the effect of magnesium application on Peanut growth and yield under two nitrogen(N)application rates in acidic soil in southern China.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of the N-sensitive cultivar decreased under reduced N treatments,whereas no effect was observed on the relevant indicators in the N-insensitive variety GH1026.Mg application increased the net photosynthetic rate by increasing the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis and Rubisco activity in the leaves during the pegging stage under 50%N treatment,while no effect on the net photosynthetic rate was observed under the 100%N treatment.The rate of dry matter accumulation at the early growth stage,total dry matter accumulation and pod yield at harvest increased after Mg application under 50%N treatment by increasing the transportation of assimilates from stems and leaves to pods in both Peanut varieties,whereas no effect was found under 100%N treatment.Moreover,Mg application increased the NUE under 50%N treatment.No improvement of NUE in either Peanut variety was found under 100%N treatment,while Mg application under the 50%N treatment can obtain a higher economic benefit than the 100%N treatment.In acidic soil,application of 307.5 kg ha^(-1)of Mg sulfate fertilizer under 50%reduced nitrogen application is a suitable fertilizer management measure for improving carbon assimilation,NUE and achieve high Peanut yields in southern China.

关键词： Peanut Magnesium Yield Reduced nitrogen application rate

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Alternate cotton-Peanut intercropping:a new approach to increasing productivity and minimizing environmental impact

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 101-103页

作者： CHI Baojie DONG Hezhong College of Agricultural Science and Technology Shandong Agriculture and Engineering UniversityJinan 250100China State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management Institute of Industrial CropsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China

Recent publications have highlighted the development of an alternate cotton-Peanut intercropping as a novel strat-egy to enhance agricultural productivity.In this article,we provide an overview of the progress made in the alternate cotton-Peanut intercropping,specifically focusing on its yield benefits,environmental impacts,and the underlying mechanisms.In addition,we advocate for future investigations into the selection or development of appropriate crop varieties and agricultural equipment,pest management options,and the mechanisms of root-canopy interactions.This review is intended to provide a valuable reference for understanding and adopting an alternate intercropping system for sustainable cotton production.

关键词： Cotton Peanut Alternate intercropping Productivity

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Peanut drying:Effects of various drying methods on drying kinetic models,physicochemical properties,germination characteristics,and microstructure

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 447-458页

作者： Yongkang Xie Yawen Lin Xingyi Li Hui Yang Junhao Han Chaojie Shang Aiqing Li Hongwei Xiao Fengyin Lu Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai UniversityNational&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of StorageProcessing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic ProductsThe Fresh Food Storage and Processing Technology Research Institute of Liaoning Provincial UniversitiesJinzhou 121013China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083PR China

The current work aims to explore the suitable drying technique for Peanut pods which can be used for seeds or edible Peanuts.Four drying methods,namely naturally-open sun drying as the control check(CK),hot air drying(HAD),pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),and radio frequency combined hot air drying(RF-HAD),were employed to dry Peanut pods,and their effects on the nutritional quality attributes in terms of protein,fat,fatty acid contents,etc.,germination characteristics,microstructure,color,texture,acid value and peroxide value of Peanuts were explored.Mathematical models of Peanuts drying with four drying methods were also established.According to the statistical parameters including the determination coefficient(R^(2))、root mean square error(RMSE)and chi-square value(v^(2)),theWeibull model was best for predicting the moisture ratio change kinetics of Peanuts during its four drying processes.There were significant differences in physicochemical indexes of Peanut by different drying methods(pPeanuts produced larger and more cavities.The RF-HAD kept better comprehensive nutritional quality,but the germination rate was reduced by 27.80%.PVD could maintain good nutritional quality and germination rate among these mechanical drying technologies.However,PVD had a longer drying time of 9.5 h than RF-HAD and HAD,and the microstructure of pulsed vacuum dried Peanuts showed dense structure and less cavity.Hot air-dried Peanut kernel held the highest protein(28.75%),fatty acids contents(26.11%)and germination rate(88.00%).However,Peanut kernel dried by HAD showed poor qualities,such as high acid value,peroxide value and large color changes.These findings indicated RF-HAD was a promising drying technique for edible Peanuts regarding the higher drying rate and better-quality preservation,while HAD was su

关键词： Peanut Drying Mathematical model Nutritional quality Microstructure Germination rate

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QTL mapping of quality traits in Peanut using whole-genome resequencing

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 177-184页

作者： Ziqi Sun Feiyan Qi Hua Liu Li Qin Jing Xu Lei Shi Zhongxin Zhang Lijuan Miao Bingyan Huang Wenzhao Dong Xiao Wang Mengdi Tian Jingjing Feng Ruifang Zhao Xinyou Zhang Zheng Zheng Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding Henan Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai PlainsMinistry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops ImprovementZhengzhou 450002HenanChina

Oil and protein content and fatty acid composition are quality traits in Peanut.Elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits may help researchers to obtain improved cultivars by molecular breeding.Whole-genome resequencing of a recombinant inbred population of 318 lines was performed to construct a high-density linkage map and identify QTL for Peanut quality.The map,containing 4561 bin markers,covered 2032 c M with a mean marker density of 0.45 c M.A total of 110 QTL for oil and protein content,and fatty acid composition were mapped on the 18 Peanut chromosomes.The QTL q A05.1 was detected in four environments and showed a major phenotypic effect on the contents of oil,protein,and six fatty acids.The genomic region spanned by q A05.1,corresponding to a physical interval of approximately 1.5 Mb,contains two SNPs polymorphic between the parents that could cause missense mutations.The two SNP sites were employed as KASP markers and validated using lines with extremely high and low oil contents.These sites may be useful in the marker-assisted breeding of Peanut cultivars with high oil contents.

关键词： QTL mapping Peanut Oil content Fatty acid Whole-genome resequencing

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A stable and major QTL region on chromosome 2 conditions pod shape in cultivated Peanut(Arachis hyopgaea L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2323-2334页

作者： ZHANG Sheng-zhong HU Xiao-hui WANG Fei-fei CHU Ye YANG Wei-qiang XU Sheng WANG Song WU Lan-rong YU Hao-liang MIAO Hua-rong FU Chun CHEN Jing Shandong Peanut Research Institute Qingdao 266100P.R.China Department of Horticulture University of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA 31793the United States Anhui General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension Hefei 230001P.R.China Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hefei 230001P.R.China Qingdao Agricultural Technology Extension Center Qingdao 266071P.R.China Yantai Fenglin Foodstuff Co. Ltd.Ltd.Yantai 264108P.R.China Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Weifang 261071P.R.China

Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell Peanut products.In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape,six component traits of pod shape(pod length,pod width,pod length/width ratio,pod roundness,beak degree and constriction degree)were measured using an image-based phenotyping method.A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments.Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments.Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37%phenotypic variations.A novel,stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2,which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes.Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region.In addition,73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45%phenotypic variations.These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of Peanut pod shape.

关键词： Peanut pod shape quantitative trait locus additive effect epistasis

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Identification of a stable major QTL for fresh-seed germination on chromosome Arahy.04 in cultivated Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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The Crop Journal 2022年第6期10卷 1767-1773页

作者： Maoning Zhang Qing Zeng Hua Liu Feiyan Qi Ziqi Sun Lijuan Miao Xiaona Li Chenyu Li Debing Liu Junjia Guo Mengyuan Zhang Jing Xu Lei Shi Mengdi Tian Wenzhao Dong Bingyan Huang Xinyou Zhang Innovation Base of Zhengzhou University Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding/State Industrial Innovation Center of Biological Breeding/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai PlainsMinistry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops ImprovementZhengzhou 450002HenanChina School of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002HenanChina State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyang 455000HenanChina College of Applied Science and Technology of Hainan University Danzhou 571737HainanChina College of Agriculture Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023HenanChina

Fresh-seed germination(FSG)impairs Peanut production,especially in areas where the Peanut harvest season coincides with rainy weather.Developing FSG-resistant cultivars by molecular breeding is expected to mitigate yield loss and quality impairment caused by FSG.However,the genetic control of FSG awaits elucidation.In this study,FSG at 1,3,5,7,and 9 days post-imbibition in three environments were tested,and quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with FSG were mapped in a Peanut recombinant inbred line population by leveraging existing high-density Peanut genetic maps.Of 24 QTL identified in 13 linkage groups,qFSGA04 was a stable major QTL on linkage group 04(LG04).It was consistently detected in five germination stages and three environments.By designing and validating DNA markers in the confidence interval of qFSGA04,we identified one single-nucleotide polymorphism and one In Del closely associated with FSG that could be used as linked markers for FSG resistance in Peanut breeding.

关键词： Peanut QTL mapping Fresh-seed germination(FSG) Dynamic germination KASP

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Millet/Peanut intercropping at a moderate N rate increases crop productivity and N use efficiency,as well as economic benefits,under rain-fed conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 738-751页

作者： LIU Zhu NAN Zhen-wu LIN Song-ming YU Hai-qiu XIE Li-yong MENG Wei-wei ZHANG Zheng WAN Shu-bo Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250100P.R.China Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866P.R.China College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014P.R.China

Cereal and legume intercropping has been widely adopted to increase crop productivity in sustainable farming systems worldwide.Among different intercropping combinations,millet and Peanut intercropping can be adapted to most waterlimited areas.However,there are few studies on the differences in yield characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency between millet/Peanut intercropping and monocultures under different nitrogen (N) application rates.The objective of this study was to determine the yield advantages and economic benefits,as well as the appropriate N application rate,of millet/Peanut intercropping.A two-yearfield experiment was conducted with three cropping patterns (monoculture millet,monoculture Peanut and millet/Peanut intercropping) and four N rates (0,75,150 and 225 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the land equivalent ratio (LER) and net effect (NE) of the intercropping system reached their highest levels at the N input of 150 kg ha^(-1)in 2018 and 2019 (1.04 for LER,0.347 Mg ha^(-1)for NE,averaged across two years).Millet was the dominant crop in the intercropping system (aggressivity of millet and Peanut (Amp)>0,competitive ratio of millet and Peanut (CRmp)>1),and millet yields achieved their highest values at N inputs of 225 kg ha^(-1)for monoculture and 150 kg ha^(-1)for intercropping.NUE reached its highest levels with N inputs of 150 kg ha^(-1)for all planting patterns over the two years.Intercropping combined with an N input of 150 kg ha^(-1)achieved the highest net income of 2 791 USD ha^(-1),with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.56,averaged over the two years.From the perspective of economics and agricultural sustainable development,millet/Peanut intercropping at 150 kg N ha^(-1)seems to be a promising alternative to millet or Peanut monoculture.

关键词： millet Peanut intercropping N input yield economics

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Development of Oligo-GISH kits for efficient detection of chromosomal variants in Peanut

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 238-246页

作者： Pei Du Liuyang Fu Qian Wang Tao Lang Hua Liu Suoyi Han Chenyu Li Bingyan Huang Li Qin Xiaodong Dai Wenzhao Dong Xinyou Zhang Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding/State Industrial Innovation Center of Biological Breeding/The Shennong Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops ImprovementHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesGraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002HenanChina Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061SichuanChina

Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in Peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in Peanut.

关键词： Peanut Oligo-GISH Genomic relationship Variants Chromosome identification

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Stable major QTL on chromosomes A07 and A08 increase shelling percentage in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 820-829页

作者： Weitao Li Nian Liu Li Huang Yuning Chen Jianbin Guo Bolun Yu Huaiyong Luo Xiaojing Zhou Dongxin Huai Weigang Chen Liying Yan Xin Wang Yong Lei Boshou Liao Huifang Jiang Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062HubeiChina

Peanut is a major oilseed and food legume.Shelling percentage(SP),closely associated with seed yield,is a trait whose improvement is a major goal of Peanut breeding.In this study,a mapping population(Xuhua 13×Zhonghua 6)was used to map quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling SP in four environments.Two stable major QTL for SP were mapped on both SSR-and SNP-based genetic maps.q SPA07.1 on chromosome A07 explained up to 31.7%of phenotypic variation,and q SPA08.2 on chromosome A08 explained up to 10.8%.Favorable alleles of q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2 were derived from the female and male parents,respectively.Eight recombinant inbred lines(RILs)carrying both favorable alleles showed superiority in SP over the two parents in all environmental trials.A combination of the two favorable alleles using the linked markers was verified to increase SP by~5%in the RIL population and by~3%SP in diverse Peanut cultivars.q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2 were delimited to respectively a 0.73-Mb interval harboring 96 genes and a 3.93-Mb interval harboring 238 genes.Respectively five and eight genes with high expression in pods,including enzymes and transcription factors,were assigned as candidate genes for q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2.These consistent major QTL provide an opportunity for fine mapping of genes controlling SP,and the linked markers may be useful for genetic improvement of SP in Peanut.

关键词： Peanut Shelling percentage QTL mapping Genomic region Candidate genes InDel marker

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Genome-wide investigation of defensin genes in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)reveals AhDef2.2 conferring resistance to bacterial wilt

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 809-819页

作者： Kai Zhao Rui Ren Xingli Ma Kunkun Zhao Chengxin Qu Di Cao Qian Ma Yingying Ma Fangping Gong Zhongfeng Li Xingguo Zhang Dongmei Yin College of Agronomy&Center for Crop Genome Engineering Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046HenanChina

Peanut(Arachis hypogea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that results in severe yield and quality losses.Plant defensins are short cysteine-rich peptides with antimicrobial activity.The role of defensin genes(Ah Def)in Peanut is unclear.A genome-wide investigation of Ah Def genes was undertaken,and 12 identified Ah Def genes were classified into two groups containing the gamma-thionin domain formed by four disulfide pairs:Cys1-Cys8,Cys2-Cys5,Cys3-Cys6,and Cys4-Cys7.In silico analysis revealed that Ah Def genes showed highly conserved architectural features and contained cis-elements associated with phytohormone signaling and defense responses.A highly resistant cultivar,H108(R)and a susceptible accession,H107(S)were tested by R.solanacearum inoculation.H108(R)showed fewer symptoms than H107(S)owing to inhibition of bacterial reproduction and spread in the vascular bundles of roots and stems.In a transcriptomic expression profile,Ah Def genes,particularly Ah Def1.6 and Ah Def2.2,were up-regulated in H108(R)compared with H107(S)under R.solanacearum infection and phytohormone treatment.Subcellular localization showed that the Ah Def1.6 and Ah Def2.2 proteins were both expressed specifically on the plasma membrane.Overexpression of protein fusion Ah Def2.2-YFP in Nicotiana benthamiana and Peanut leaves increased resistance to R.solanacearum,suggesting its role in response to BW infection.Ah Def2.2 may be valuable for Peanut resistance breeding.

关键词： Peanut Bacterial wilt Defensin Expression analysis Resistance

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