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Skin neuropathy and immunomodulation in diseases

Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 218-225页

作者： Manze Zhang Tingting Liu Jing Yang Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Biochemistry Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065USA IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center Beijing 100191China

Skin is a vital barrier tissue of the body.Immune responses in the skin must be precisely controlled,which would otherwise cause severe disease conditions such as psoriasis,atopic dermatitis,or pathogenic infection.Research evidence has increasingly demonstrated the essential roles of neural innervations,i.e.,sensory and sympathetic signals,in modulating skin immunity.Notably,neuropathic changes of such neural structures have been observed in skin disease conditions,implicating their direct involvement in various pathological processes.An in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying skin neuropathy and its immunomodulatory effects could help reveal novel entry points for therapeutic interventions.Here,we summarize the neuroimmune interactions between neuropathic events and skin immunity,highlighting the current knowledge and future perspectives of this emerging research frontier.

关键词： Skin Neuropathy Neuroimmune Psoriasis Atopic dermatitis pathogenic infection

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T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa: defense and tolerance

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第3期16卷 216-224页

作者： Hongdi Ma Wanyin Tao Shu Zhu Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China230027 HefeiChina School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of China230026 HefeiChina

Although lymphocytes are known to circulate throughout lymphoid tissues and blood,they also establish residency in nonlymphoid organs,most prominently in barrier tissues,such as the intestines.The adaptation of T lymphocytes to intestinal environments requires constant discrimination between natural stimulation from commensal flora and food and pathogens that need to be cleared.Genetic variations that cause a defective defense or a break in tolerance along with environmental cues,such as infection or imbalances in the gut microbiota known as dysbiosis,can trigger several immune disorders via the activation of T lymphocytes in the intestines.Elucidation of the immune mechanisms that distinguish between commensal flora and pathogenic organisms may reveal therapeutic targets for the prevention or modulation of inflammatory diseases and boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.In this review,we discuss the development and adaptation of T lymphocytes in the intestine,how these cells protect the host against pathogenic infections while tolerating food antigens and commensal microbiota,and the potential implications of targeting these cells for disease management and therapeutics.

关键词： Intestinal T cells pathogenic infection Gut microbiota T-cell therapy

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Screening of stable internal reference genes by quantitative real-time PCR in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第5期39卷 1985-1999页

作者： Xiaojuan CHEN Yun SUN Panpan ZHANG Jianlong LI Haiping LI Caoying WEI Zhenjie CAO Yongcan ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province Haikou 570228China Department of Aquaculture College of Marine SciencesHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

Humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis is one commercial fish with considerable economic value.To determine the expression stabilities of six commonly used internal reference genes in C.altivelis challenged by Vibrio harveyi and viral nervous necrosis virus(VNNV)through quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),the expression levels of selected genes in five immune organs stimulated with pathogenic infection were carefully evaluated using algorithms of geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper.The results show that the expre ssion stabilities of the six candidate inte rnal reference genes were diffe re nt.Under no rmal physiological conditions,RPL13 were identified as the most stably expressed genes among five different immune organs(liver,spleen,kidney,intestine,and gill).After V.harveyi stimulation,RPL13,RPL13,EF1 A,RPL13,and EF1 A were identified by geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper as the most stable genes in liver,spleen,kidney,intestine,and gill,respectively.Combining these three algorithms suggested that under stimulation of VNNV,RPL13,EF1 A,Actin,RPL13,and Actin were as the most stable genes in liver,spleen,kidney,intestine,and gill,respectively.These results suggest that specific experiment conditions and tissue types shall be considered when selecting the reference genes in qRT-PCR analysis.This study provided a solid foundation for future studies on gene expression of C.altivelis under different conditions.

关键词： Cromileptes altivelis reference gene expression stability pathogenic infection

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Regular exercise enhances the immune response against microbial antigens through TLRs

Regular exercise enhances the immune response against microb...

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浙江省免疫学会第十次学术大会

作者： Guangying Cui Chong Lu Jianing Chen Yingfeng Wei Hongyan Diao State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Background/Aims:Regular physical exercise can enhance resistance to many microbial infections.However,little is known about the mechanism underlying the changes in the immune system induced by regular exercise.Methods:We recruited members of a university badminton club as the regular exercise(RE) group and healthy sedentary students as the sedentary control(SC) group.We investigated the distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) subsets and functions.Results:There were no significant differences in plasma cytokine levels between the RE and SC groups in the true resting state.However,enhanced levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-α and IL-12 were secreted by PBMC in the RE group following microbial antigen stimulation compared with the SC group.In contrast,the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 secreted by PBMC in the RE group were suppressed compared with those in SC group following non-microbial antigen stimulation(concanavalin A orα-galactosylceramide).Furthermore,PBMC expression of TLR2,TLR7 and MyD88 was significantly increased in the RE group in response to microbial antigen stimulation.Conclusion:The regular exercise enhances immune cell activation in response to pathogenic stimulation leading to enhanced cytokine production mediated via the TLR signaling pathways.

关键词： Regular physical exercise pathogenic infection Cytokine Toll-like receptor immune Immune response

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High Immune Activation and Abnormal Expression of Cytokine Contribute to Death of SHIV89.6 Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaque

High Immune Activation and Abnormal Expression of Cytokine C...

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第九届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Ren-Rong Tian Ming-Xu Zhang Hong-Yi Zheng Wei Pang Gao-Hong Zhang Yong-Tang Zheng Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Animal models represent a critical tool in understanding the pathogenesis of human retrovirus infections and in developing strategies for vaccines.SHIV89.6 composed of SIVmac239 expressing HIV-1(89.6)env and the associated auxiliary HIV-1 genes tat,vpu,and rev have been constructed for vaccine development at first.Although SHIV89.6 can infect rhesus macaques after intravenous(i.v.)and intravaginal(i.vag.)and replicate to a high degree in monkeys during primary infection,but this infection is nonpathogenicity.Because the viremia caused by SHIV89.6 infection was transients or intermittent and pathogenic consequences of chronic infection such as CD4T deletion,chronic immune activation,immune dysfunction and disorganization of lymph tissue and mucosal tissue were not evident.Although SHIV89.6 are nonpathogenic at most of time,after two serial in vivo passages by intravenous blood inoculation of naive rhesus monkeys,this SHIV(SHIV-89.6P)induced CD4 lymphopenia and an AIDS-like disease with wasting and opportunistic infections.Now the mechanism of SHIV89.6 transforming from nonpathogenicity to pathogenicity is not well elucidated.To better understanding this,we detected immune activation and T cell function change using flow cytometry,and assess cytokine,chemokine and ISG expression by qPCR in SHIV89.6 infected and dead Chinese macaque(ID group),long term infected but survival monkey(IS group)and normal monkey.Our results show that SHIV89.6 infected monkey with only low level or underdetected level virus loading had no significant deletion of CD4T or abnormal distribution of CD4T and CD8T subsets,except frequency of naive CD4T in IS group.Although SHIV89.6 infection caused increasing CCR5expression on CD4and CD8T cell in both SHIV89.6 infected group,there were only significant elevation of CD38and HLA-DR expression on CD8T in ID group.Meanwile,there were significiant low level of CXCL9 and CXCL10expression in SHIV89.6 infected monkey,but only significiant decreasing of IFN-αand ISG(MxA,Mx2 and OAS3)expression in ID gro

关键词： SHIV89.6 Chinese rhesus macaque immune activation cytokine pathogenic infection

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