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Biochar application to temperate grasslands:challenges and opportunities for delivering multiple ecosystem services

Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 574-584页

作者： Robert W.Brown David R.Chadwick Tom Bott Helen M.West Paul Wilson Genevieve R.Hodgins Colin E.Snape Davey L.Jones School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorLL572UWGwyneddUK School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE125RDUK Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamJubilee CampusNottinghamNG72TUUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteSoilsWestMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia

Grasslands(natural,semi-natural and improved)occupy approximately one-third of the terrestrial biosphere and are key for global ecosystem service provision,storing up to 30%of soil organic carbon(SOC).To date,most research on soil carbon(C)sequestration has focused on croplands where the levels of native soil organic matter(SOM)are typically low and significant potential exists to replenish SOM ***,with the renewed push to achieve“net zero”C emissions by 2050,grasslands may offer an additional C store,utilising tools such as ***,we critically evaluate the potential for biochar as a technology for increasing grassland C stocks,identifying a number of practical,economic,social and legislative challenges that need to be addressed before the widescale adoption of biochar may be *** critically assess the current knowledge within the field of grassland biochar research in the context of ecosystem service provision and provide opinions on the applicability of biochar as an amendment to different types of grassland(improved,semi-improved and unimproved)and the potential effect on ecosystem provision using a range of application techniques in the topsoil and *** concluded that the key question remains,is it possible for managed grasslands to store more C,without causing a loss in additional ecosystem services?To address this question future research must take a more multidisciplinary and holistic approach when evaluating the potential role of biochar at sequestering C in grasslands to mitigate climate change.

关键词： pastureland Carbon storage Greenhouse gas emissions Offsetting

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INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS:LESSONS FROM NEW YORK,BRITISH COLUMBIA,AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 81-96页

作者： Alan FRANZLUEBBERS Derek HUNT Gary TELFORD Shabtai BITTMAN Quirine KETTERINGS USDA-Agricultural Research Service RaleighNC 27695USA Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgassizBC VOM 1A0Canada Cornell University Department of Animal ScienceIthacaNY 14853USA

Livestock production in the United States(US)and Canada is diverse,but shows a common trend in most livestock sectors toward fewer farms producing the majority of animal products despite a large number of farms still small in production *** migration to larger and more concentrated animal feeding operations in beef finishing and poultry,swine,and dairy production allows processors to streamline supplies to meet market demand for abundant,low-cost livestock products,whether that be for packaged meat,dairy products,or *** concentration of livestock operations comes the challenge of managing *** sufficient land is available and nutrients are needed,livestock manure is an excellent nutrient source and land application is the preferred method of recycling this ***,when livestock production is constrained in a geographical area and animal densities are high,manure may become an environmental liability with potentially greater risk for runoff and leaching of nutrients,emission of odors,ammonia,and greenhouse gases,and release to the environment of pathogens and chemicals of emerging *** these challenges now and into the future requires learning from mistakes and adopting successful *** describe different levels of integration between livestock and crop producers in New York,British Columbia,and the south-eastern US as learning opportunities to improve economic and environmental *** show that effective solutions should recognize(1)manure has value and is not just a cost,(2)farmers,farm advisors,extension educators,nutrient management planners,crop advisors,nutritionists,state agency personnel,regulators,and university researchers need to be active participants in development of solutions,and(3)change to a sustainable future requires a combination of government regulation and outcome-based incentives.

关键词： cropland dairy manure nutrient cycling pastureland poultry manure swine manure

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