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Flexible Defense Succeeds Creative Attacks!—A Simulation Approach Based on Position Data in Professional Football

Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2021年第9期14卷 493-504页

作者： Daniel Memmert Jonas Imkamp Jürgen Perl German University of Sport Science Cologne Germany University of Mainz Mainz Germany

Introduction: The key to success is finding the perfect mixture of tactical patterns and sudden breaks of them, which depends on the behavior of the opponent team and is not easy to estimate by just watching matches. According to the specific tactical team behavior of “attack vs. defense” professional football matches are investigated based on a simulation approach, professional football matches are investigated according to the specific tactical team behavior of “attack vs. defense.” Methods: The formation patterns of all the sample games are categorized by SOCCER© for defense and attack. Monte Carlo-Simulation can evaluate the mathematical, optimal strategy. The interaction simulation between attack and defense shows optimal flexibility rates for both tactical groups. Approach: A simulation approach based on 40 position data sets of the 2014/15 German Bundesliga has been conducted to analyze and optimize such strategic team behavior in professional soccer. Results: The results revealed that both attack and defense have optimal planning rates to be more successful. The more complex the success indicator, the more successful attacking player groups get. The results also show that defensive player groups always succeed in attacking groups below a specific planning rate value. Conclusion: Groups are always succeeding. The simulation-based position data analysis shows successful strategic behavior patterns for attack and defense. Attacking player groups need very high flexibility to be successful (stay in ball possession). In contrast, defensive player groups only need to be below a defined flexibility rate to be guaranteed more success.

关键词： Strategy KPI Offensive and Defensive Dynamics Ball Contact Ball Possession passes

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Track-Monitoring and Analyzing Machine Clearances during Wood Forwarding

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Open Journal of Forestry 2018年第3期8卷 297-327页

作者： Marie-France Jones Mark Castonguay Dirk Jaeger Paul Arp Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada

This article reports on track-monitoring and analyzing machine clearances during wood forwarding across seasons and weather, using ultrasonic distance sensors in combination with time-stamped GPS xy locations, at 10 sec intervals. The resulting data, obtained from 54 harvesting blocks, were analyzed by machine type (two wood forwarders and one grapple skidder), stand type (softwood plantation versus natural hardwood stands), month, slope, cartographic depth-to-water (DTW) classes, number of passes along track, and machine speed. For the most part, clearances were highly variable, due to passing over stumps, rocks, harvest slash, brushmats, ruts, and snow cover when present. This variability was on average greater for the lighter-weight wood forwarders than for the heavier-weight skidder, with the former mostly moving along equally spaced lines on brushmats, while the paths of the latter spread away from central wood-landing sites. In terms of trends, machines moved 1) more slowly on wet ground, 2) faster during returning than forwarding, and 3) fastest along wood-landing roads, as to be expected. Low clearances were most notable during winter on snow-covered ground, and on non-frozen shallow DTW and wet multiple-pass ground. During dry weather conditions, clearances also increased from low-pass tracks to multi-pass tracks due to repeat soil compaction of broadened tracks. These results are presented block-by-block and by machine type. Each block-based clearance frequency pattern was quantified through regression analysis and using a gamma probability distribution function.

关键词： Wood Forwarding GPS Tracks Clearance Frequencies Number of passes Speed Ground Conditions Depth-to-Water (DTW)

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