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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 499-510页

作者： Praveen Kumar Bonthagorla Suresh Mikkili the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Goa403401India

The grid-connected or standalone PV central inverter architecture is comprised of several PV modules which are connected in different ways to form the PV *** power generation capability of the PV array is primarily affected by partial shading conditions(PSC).Due to PSCs,the power output of the PV array is dramatically reduced,and mismatching losses are induced in the PV *** on the extent of these problems,multiple peaks also appear in the power-voltage(P-V)curve,which makes it very difficult to track the global maximum power point(GMPP).The main objective of this research paper is to model and simulate the series(S),series-parallel(SP),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),total-cross-tied(TCT)and proposed triple-tied(TT)solar PV array configurations under various partial shading *** performance of all PV configurations is evaluated under a uniform approach,considering eight different shading *** performance of the considered PV configurations is analyzed in terms of their mismatching power losses,fill factors,efficiency,global maximum power points(GMPPs),local maximum power points(LMPPs),voltages and currents at GMPPs,open circuit voltage and short circuit *** above-mentioned PV configurations are modeled and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment by considering the KC-200GT module parameters.

关键词： Photo voltaic(PV) PV array configurations triple-tied(TT) maximum power point(MPP) partial shading mismatching power losses fill factor efficiency

Photovoltaic-based DC microgrid with partial shading and fault tolerance

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第2期7卷 340-349页

作者： Carlos CORREA-BETANZO Hugo CALLEJA Carlos AGUILAR Adolfo R.LOPEZ-NUNEZ Elías RODRIGUEZ Electronics Department National Center for Research and Development of Technology62490 CuernavacaMorelosMexico Electronics Department Technological Institute of Celaya38010 CelayaGuanajuatoMexico

partial shading is a common problem that affects bus regulation in DC microgrids with several photovoltaic(PV) modules as energy sources, as a result of reduced solar irradiance reaching the *** problem can be mitigated by incorporating batteries, but if they are not included, appropriate control strategies must be used. This paper presents a new approach in a PV-based DC microgrid, which provides a high-quality bus voltage regulation in islanding mode, without being affected by partial shading or problems associated with PV module connection and disconnection. The solution proposed herein ensures a proper voltage regulation without being affected by problems such as failures in PV modules or mismatch between them. Besides, it can help to prevent PV partial shade stress by disconnecting the affected modules. A further advantage of the approach is the flexibility to connect more PV modules. The advantages of this approach were verified in a 200 W prototype.

关键词： Photovoltaic Microgrid partial shading Fault Control strategy

Stochastic maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic energy system under partial shading conditions

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2021年第1期6卷 383-395页

作者： Bushra Iqbal Ali Nasir Ali Faisal Murtaza Department of Electrical Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

A large portion of the available power generation of a photovoltaic (PV) array could be wasted due to partial shading, temperature and irradiance effects, which create current/voltage imbalance between the PV modules. partial shading is a phenomenon which occurs when some modules in a PV array receive non-uniform irradiation due to dust, cloudy weather or shadows of nearby objects such as buildings, trees, mountains, birds etc. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are designed in order to deal with this problem. In this research, a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based MPPT technique is proposed. MDP consists of a set of states, a set of actions in each state, state transition probabilities, reward function, and the discount factor. The PV system in terms of the MDP framework is modelled first and once the states, actions, transition probabilities, and reward function, and the discount factor are defined, the resulting MDP is solved for the optimal policy using stochastic dynamic programming. The behavior of the resulting optimal policy is analyzed and characterized, and the results are compared to existing MPPT control methods.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking Markov decision process Photovoltaic energy systems partial shading

A Simple Primary Key Algorithm Based Shade Dispersion Method for Maximizing PV Power Generation under partial shading Conditions

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第2期10卷 93-102页

作者： Prabhakaran Koothu Kesavan A.Karthikeyan Manoj Kumar Sushant Mandal Renewable Energy Laboratory Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh 11586Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaMangalore 575025India

The output power generation of a photovoltaic(PV)array reduces under partial shading,resulting in multiple local maxima in the PV characteristics and inaccurate tracking of the global maximum power point(GMPP).Various interconnection schemes are available to reduce power losses under partial *** this study,a primary key algorithm is proposed for distributing shading across an *** method is suitable for any n×n PV array configuration and involves fewer calculations and variables,leading to reduced computational *** power generations of a 9×9 PV array under four different shading conditions were compared with the configurations of:total cross-tied(TCT)and Su Du Ku,physical relocation and fixed column position of modules with fixed electrical connection(PRFCPM-FEC),and magic square(MS)and improved-odd-even-prime(IOEP).The advantage of the proposed method is that once the primary key elements are obtained,the remaining array elements are numbered in a simpler *** results obtained using the proposed arrangement show that the power is enhanced with reference to the TCT and is comparable to the Su Do Ku,PRFCPM-FEC,MS,and IOEP reconfigurations.

关键词： Photovoltaic(PV)array partial shading global maximum power point(GMPP) power loss primary key

Development of Hybrid MPPT Algorithm for Maximum Power Harvesting under partial shading Conditions

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第8期7卷 1611-1622页

作者： Kannabiran Kanimozhi Bagarudeen Raja Mohamed Rabi Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology for Women Madurai India Department of Mechanical Engineering ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology for Women Madurai India

In this paper, a Hybrid MPPT algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. partial shading occurs due to clouds, trees, dirt and dust in PV systems. In partial shading, multiple peaks arise in the PV characteristic curve. The Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm adjusts the duty cycle of the switch in DC-DC converter for regulating the input voltage at the Maximum power point (MPP) and to provide impedance matching i.e. input resistance of converter equal to equivalent solar resistance of PV system at MPP for the maximum power transfer. The Cuk converters have low switching losses and the highest efficiency. Therefore Cuk converter is chosen as power conditioning circuit to trackmaximum power using Hybrid MPPT technique. The influence of algorithm parameters on system behaviour is investigated and the various advantages and drawbacks of the technique are identified for different weather conditions. Practical results obtained using Solartech SPMO85P PV modules connected to a RL load through Hybrid MPPT controller validates the simulated results.

关键词： PV System DC-DC Converter Hybrid MPPT Controller Tracking Efficiency partial shading

Photovoltaic array reconfiguration under partial shading conditions based on ant colony optimization

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Photovoltaic array reconfiguration under partial shading con...

Performance Investigation of Hybrid and Conventional PV Array Configurations for Grid-connected/Standalone PV Systems

第32届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Rui Cao Yifan Ding Xiaolun Fang Siming Liang Fengyang Qi Qiang Yang Wenjun Yan College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Lab Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University

The utilization of photovoltaic（PV） array installations to acquire solar energy is one of the most important ways of renewable energy obtain. However, the power output of the PV array installations will decrease greatly under partial shading conditions. This paper proposes a new approach for reconfiguration of PV array to extract maximum power using ant colony optimization（ACO）. To prove the validity of the approach, the simulations are performed in Matlab-Simulink comparing with Total cross tied（TCT） configuration. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can enhance efficiency of power extraction from the PV array under partial shading condition.

关键词： Photovoltaic(PV) Array reconfiguration partial shading Ant colony optimization(ACO)

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 682-695页

作者： Praveen Kumar Bonthagorla Suresh Mikkili Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of TechnologyGoaIndia

Currently,the critical challenge in solar photovoltaic(PV)systems is to make them energy *** of the key factors that can reduce the PV system power output is partial shading conditions(PSCs).The reduction in power output not only depends on a shaded region but also depends on the pattern of shading and physical position of shaded modules in the *** to PSCs,mismatch losses are induced between the shaded modules which can cause several peaks in the output power-voltage(P-V)*** series-parallel(SP),total-cross-tied(TCT),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),and triple-tied(TT)configurations are considered as conventional configurations,which are severely affected by PSCs and generate more mismatch power losses along with a greater number of local *** reduce the effect of PSCs,hybrid PV array configurations,such as series-parallel:total-cross-tied(SP-TCT),bridge-link:total-cross-tied(BL-TCT),honey-comb:total-cross-tied(HC-TCT)and bridge-link:honey-comb(BL-HC)are *** paper briefly discusses the modeling,simulation and performance evaluation of hybrid and conventional 7×7 PV array configurations during different PSCs in a Matlab/Simulink *** performance of hybrid and conventional PV configurations are evaluated and compared in terms of global maximum power(GMP),voltage and currents at GMP,open and short circuit voltage and currents,mismatch power loss(MPL),fill factor,efficiency,and a number of local maximum power peaks(LMPPs).

关键词： Fill factor global maximum power(GMP) hybrid PV array configuration maximum power point(MPP) mismatch power loss(MPL) partial shading triple-tied(TT)

Performance enhancement of partially shaded solar PV array using novel shade dispersion technique

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第2期10卷 227-239页

作者： Namani RAKESH T. Venkata MADHAVARAM Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kakatiya Instituteof Technology and Science Warangal 506002 India

Solar photo voltaic array （SPVA） generates a smaller amount of power than the standard rating of the panel due to the partial shading effect. Since the modules of the arrays receive different solar irradiations, the P-V characteristics ofphotovoltaic （PV） arrays contain multiple peaks or local peaks. This paper presents an innovative method （magic square） in order to increase the generated power by configuring the modules of a shaded photo- voltaic array. In this approach, the physical location of the modules in the total cross tied （TCT） connected in the solar PV array is rearranged based on the magic square arrangement pattern. This connection is done without altering any electrical configurations of the modules in the PV array. This method can distribute the shading effect over the entire PV array, without concentrating on any row of modules and can achieve global peaks. For different types of shading patterns, the output power of the solar PV array with the proposed magic square configuration is compared with the traditional configurations and the performance is calculated. This paper presents a new reconfiguration technique for solar PV arrays, which increases the PV power under different shading conditions. The proposed technique facilitates the distribution of the effect of shading over the entire array, thereby, reducing the mismatch losses caused by partial shading. The theoretical calculations are tested through simulations in Matlab/ Simulink to validate the results. A comparison of power loss for different types of topologies under different types of shading patterns for a 4 × 4 array is also explained.

关键词： photovoltaic cells mismatch loss shading patterns partial shading magic square power enhancement global peaks and total cross tied (TCT)

Novel Lyapunov-based rapid and ripple-free MPPT using a robust model reference adaptive controller for solar PV system

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2023年第1期8卷 205-229页

作者： Saibal Manna Ashok Kumar Akella Deepak Kumar Singh Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology JamshedpurJharkhand 831014India

The technological,economic,and environmental benefits of photovoltaic(PV)systems have led to their wide-spread adoption in recent years as a source of electricity ***,precisely identifying a PV system’s maximum power point(MPP)under normal and shaded weather conditions is crucial to conserving the maximum generated *** of the biggest concerns with a PV system is the existence of partial shading,which produces multiple peaks in the P–V characteristic *** these circumstances,classical maximum power point tracking(MPPT)approaches are prone to getting stuck on local peaks and failing to follow the global maximum power point(GMPP).To overcome such obstacles,a new Lyapunov-based Robust Model Reference Adaptive Controller(LRMRAC)is designed and implemented to reach GMPP rapidly and *** proposed controller also achieves MPP accurately under slow,abrupt and rapid changes in radiation,temperature and load *** and OPAL-RT real-time simulators in various scenarios are performed to verify the superiority of the proposed approach over the other state-of-the-art methods,i.e.,ANFIS,INC,VSPO,and P&*** and GMPP are accomplished in less than 3.8 ms and 10 ms,*** on the results presented,the LRMRAC controller appears to be a promising technique for MPPT in a PV system.

关键词： Photovoltaic(PV) MPPT partial shading Lyapunov-based robust model reference adaptive control(LRMRAC) Lyapunov stability

Experimental Analysis to Extract the Maximum Output of Serial and Parallel PV Module Configurations under partial Shadow Conditions: A Case Study for Bambey, Senegal

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第7期14卷 233-247页

作者： Cheikh Saliou Toure Papa Lat Tabara Sow Fakora Dia Senghane Mbodji Renewable Energies Materials and Laser (ERML) Alioune DIOP University of Bambey Bambey Senegal

Using an experimental setup, the series configurations (SC) and the parallel configurations (PC) of the PV cell connection are studied to compare their performance under the condition of partial shading s. The performance of the configurations is evaluated by comparing the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the maximum power point (MPP), the voltage and current corresponding to MPP, and the Fill Factor (FF). The variations of the series resistance and the shunt resistance of a PV module under different irradiance levels are also determined by considering the effect of thermal voltage. Finally, a comparison between the performance losses in the different configurations is presented. The results of this study show that the parallel configuration has the best performance under the conditions of partial shade in the context of this work.

关键词： PV Cell partial shading Series Configurations (SC) Parallel Configurations (PC) Fill Factor (FF) Maximum Power Point (MPP)