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Associations between near work, outdoor activity, Parental myopia and myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第2期13卷 309-316页

作者： Uchenna Chigozirim Atowa Samuel Otabor Wajuihian Alvin Jeffery Munsamy Discipline of Optometry University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa

●AIM:To assess the influence of near work,time outdoor and Parental myopia on the prevalence of myopia in school children in Aba,Nigeria.●METHODS:Primary and secondary school children aged between 8 and 15 y were randomly recruited from 12 schools in Aba.Information on family history,near work and outdoor activity was obtained using myopia risk factor questionnaire.Cycloplegic refraction was performed using autorefraction technique.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction(SER)≤-0.50 D in the poorer eye.Data were analysed for 1197(male:538 and female:659)children with full relevant data.●RESULTS:Risk of developing myopia was positively associated with Parental myopia[odds ratio(OR):6.80;95%CI,2.76-16.74;PParental history of myopia is the most important risk factor associated with myopia.In addition,children with both parents being myopic has increased odds of developing myopia than those with one myopic parent.It is recommended therefore,that children spend more time outdoors as this could reduce the prevalence and progression of myopia.

关键词： myopia near work Parental myopia outdoor activity school children

Characterization and evaluation of rice blast resistance of Chinese indica hybrid rice Parental lines

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The Crop Journal 2017年第6期5卷 509-517页

作者： Yunyu Wu Ling Yu Ning Xiao Zhengyuan Dai Yuhong Li Cunhong Pan Xiaoxiang Zhang Guangqing Liu Aihong Li Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225009 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing 225009 China Jiangsu Golden Land Seed Industry Co. Ltd China

The development of resistant varieties and hybrid combinations has been the most effective and economical strategy to control blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae.However, the distribution of major R genes and blast resistance characterization in hybrid rice parents has not been well investigated, resulting in their limited use in hybrid rice blast-resistance breeding. In the present study, 88 elite indica hybrid rice Parental lines were evaluated with 30 isolates of M. oryzae collected from the main planting area of indica hybrid rice in China and were characterized for the presence of 11 major resistance genes using molecular markers. The pathogenicity assays showed that four types of hybrid rice parent line showed some resistance to M. oryzae. However, the proportions of highly resistant lines and the mean resistance frequency(RF) varied among the four types, with resistance in decreasing order shown by three-line restorer lines, three-line maintainer lines, two-line sterile lines, and two-line restorer lines. All 88 hybrid rice Parental lines carried more than one R gene, but none carried the R genes Pi1 and Pi2. Although Pid3 and Pi9 were present only in three-line restorer lines and Pigm only in three-line maintainer lines, the remaining six R genes(Pib, Pid2, Pi5, Pia, Pi54, and Pita) were present in the four types of hybrid rice parent with significantly different distribution frequencies. The correlation between R genes and resistance reactions was investigated. The results are expected to provide useful information for rational utilization of major R genes in hybrid rice breeding programs.

关键词： Hybrid rice Parental lines Magnaporthe oryzae Pi genes Resistance evaluation Molecular markers

Sequencing a Juglans regia×J.microcarpa hybrid yields high-quality genome assemblies of Parental species

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1271-1286页

作者： Tingting Zhu Le Wang Frank M.You Juan C.Rodriguez Karin R.Deal Limin Chen Jie Li Sandeep Chakraborty Bipin Balan Cai-Zhong Jiang Patrick J.Brown Charles ALeslie Mallikarjuna KAradhya Abhaya M.Dandekar Patrick E.McGuire Daniel Kluepfel Jan Dvorak Ming-Cheng Luo Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaON K1A 0C6Canada Genome Center University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARSDavisCA 95616USA National Clonal Germplasm Repository USDA-ARSDavisCA 95616USA

Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are usually comprised of haploid genomes of Parental species.We exploited this attribute of interspecific hybrids to avoid heterozygosity and sequenced an interspecific hybrid Juglans microcarpa×J.regia using a novel combination of single-molecule sequencing and optical genome mapping technologies.The resulting assemblies of both genomes were remarkably complete including chromosome termini and centromere regions.Chromosome termini consisted of arrays of telomeric repeats about 8 kb long and heterochromatic subtelomeric regions about 10 kb long.The centromeres consisted of arrays of a centromere-specific Gypsy retrotransposon and most contained genes,many of them transcribed.Juglans genomes evolved by a whole-genome-duplication dating back to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and consist of two subgenomes,which were fractionated by numerous short gene deletions evenly distributed along the length of the chromosomes.Fractionation was shown to be asymmetric with one subgenome exhibiting greater gene loss than the other.The asymmetry of the process is ongoing and mirrors an asymmetry in gene expression between the subgenomes.Given the importance of J.microcarpa×J.regia hybrids as potential walnut rootstocks,we catalogued disease resistance genes in the Parental genomes and studied their chromosomal distribution.We also estimated the molecular clock rates for woody perennials and deployed them in estimating divergence times of Juglans genomes and those of other woody perennials.

关键词： Juglans Parental evenly

Utilizing Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) as a Resolving Matrix in Parental Dispute DNA Analysis

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2018年第3期8卷 156-165页

作者： George Gborienemi Simeon Alade Tolulope Olukemi Department of Medical Laboratory Science Niger Delta University Amassoma Nigeria

Interest in DNA analysis using short tandem repeats (STR) as finger printing tools in forensic medicine has gained tremendous application, as expression of these nuclear factors have enhanced forensic examination. Here we used this Biochemical characterization after conventional extraction process, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresiss and a sequencer to distinguish and resolve Parental dispute. The differential migration of labeled DNA fragments which attains excitation energy with a laser elicits fluorescent light of different wavelength depending on the dye used. A data collection software (Genemapper) collects raw data (spectrograph) and converts it to an electropherogram that is interpreted. By comparing the DNA profiles, inclusion and exclusion criteria were elucidated to resolve disputes. The inherent discriminating power of STRs used in analysis enhances resolution of cell mixtures, genetic aberration, substantiation of tissue origin and provides genetic distinction which is a robust and reliable approach in resolving Parental disputes.

关键词： Short Tandem Repeats Matrix Parental DNA Analysis

Parental behaviors and sleep/wake patterns of infants and toddlers in Hong Kong, China

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第5期13卷 496-502页

作者： Xin-Ting Yu Avi Sadeh Hugh Simon Lam Jodi A.Mindell Albert Martin Li Department of Pediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina and Department of GastroenterologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA The School of Psychological Sciences Tel Aviv UniversityIsracl Department of Pediatrics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Saint Joseph's University and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PAUSA

Background:To describe the sleep patterns of children below 36 months in Hong Kong,and evaluate the associations between Parental behaviors and childhood sleep/wake patterns.Methods:Parents of 1049 infants and toddlers completed an internet-based expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.Results:Total sleep duration (P<0.001),frequency (P<0.001) and duration (P<0.001) of nocturnal awakenings decreased with age,whereas the longest sleep duration (P<0.001) and nocturnal sleep duration (P<0.001) increased with age.Children who room-or bed-shared with parents had later bedtimes (P<0.001),but similar sleep duration compared with those who had a separate sleep location.Falling asleep independently was associated with longer nocturnal sleep duration (P<0.001) and less sleep awakenings (P<0.001).Full-time employment of parents was associated with shorter total sleep duration of children (P<0.001).Although breastfeeding was associated with more nocturnal awakenings (P<0.001),no association was detected between breastfeeding and shorter sleep duration in children.Conclusions:As infants and toddlers develop,their sleep consolidates.Falling asleep independently was associated with longer nocturnal sleep duration and fewer sleep awakenings,whereas sleep location was not.This is an important finding,especially for families with limited living space where parent/ child room-or bed-sharing cannot be avoided.

关键词： infant Parental behaviors sleep sleep/wake patterns toddler

Parental attitudes towards influenza vaccination for children in South India

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第1期13卷 84-90页

作者： Chethan Ramprasad Rajeev Zachariah Mark Steinhoff Anna Simon University of Miami Miller School of Medicine MiamiFloridaUSA Christian Medical College VelloreTamil NaduIndia Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center CincinnatiOhioUSA Christian Medical College VelloreTamil NaduIndia

Background:The rate of influenza vaccination is low for children in India.The purpose of this study is to assess Parental attitudes towards influenza vaccination in South India.Methods:Participants were parents who brought their children to the Well Baby Clinic of Christian Medical College Hospital,Vellore,India for routine immunization.Participants answered questions by written survey while waiting for their children’s vaccination.

关键词： doctor recommendation influenza immunization Parental attitudes vaccination

Parental transmission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a highly endogamous population

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World Journal of Diabetes 2013年第2期4卷 40-46页

作者： Abdulbari Bener Mohammad T Yousafzai Abdulla OAA Al-Hamaq Abdul-Ghani Mohammad Ralph A DeFronzo Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology Hamad Medical Corporation Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences The University of Manchester Qatar Diabetic Association and Qatar Foundation Division of Diabetes University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

AIM: To determine the Parental transmission of diabetes mellitus (DM) and evaluate its influence on the clinical characteristics. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study. The survey was carried out in urban and semi-urban primary health care centers. Of the 2400 registered with diagnosed diabetes, 1980 agreed and gave their consent to take part in this study, thus giving a response rate of 82.5%. Face to face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire followed by laboratory tests. DM was defined according to the World Health Organization expert group. A trained nurse performedphysical examinations and measurements. RESULTS: Of the study population, 72.9% reported a family history of DM. Family history of DM was significantly higher in females (54.2%; P = 0.04) and in the age group below 30 years (24%; P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher among patients with a diabetic mother (25.4% vs 22.1%) and maternal aunts/uncles (31.2% vs 22.2%) compared to patients with a diabetic father and paternal aunts/ uncles. Family history of DM was higher in patients of consanguineous parents (38.5%) than those of non-consanguineous parents (30.2%). The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications was higher in patients with either a paternal or maternal history of DM than in those without. No significant difference was observed in the metabolic characteristics of patients with/without family history of DM except for hypertension. Complications were higher in diabetic patients with a family history of DM. CONCLUSION: The present study found a significant maternal effect in transmission of T2DM. Family history is associated with the increased incidence of diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Family history Parental transmission Genetic disorders Consanguinity Maternal transmission

Parental myopia, near work, hours of sleep and myopia in Chinese children

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Health 2014年第1期6卷 64-70页

作者： Yanhong Gong Xiulan Zhang Donghua Tian Dafang Wang Gexing Xiao Center of Information Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China Department of Paediatrics Yuquan Hospital Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Social Development and Public Policy Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Chinese children. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in a random sample survey was conducted in Beijing in 2008. The data collected from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction and possible genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the OR values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the differences among the areas under the ROC curves using the method of multiple comparison with the best. Results: Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted OR = 3.37;95%CI 3.07-3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95%CI 2.47-3.24) and 1.95 (95%CI 1.69-2.24) for reading or writing distances less than33 cmcompared to distances greater than33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children that slept for shorter periods of time had significantly more myopic refractions (?1.69D vs ?1.29D for children with longer sleeping time per day). Analysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictable values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance, hours of studying, and Parental myopia. Conclusion: It was not surprising, as proved by other studies, that Parental myopia, reading or writing distances, time spent on studying or other activities by using eyes were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile myopia. Our findings indicated that hours of sleeping were also closely related to juvenile myopia, in which the underlying mechanism should be explored in the future study.

关键词： Parental Myopia Near Work Hours of Sleep Myopia

The concepts of assent and Parental permission in pediatrics

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期10卷 89-90页

作者： Urh Groselj Hassib Narchi Department of Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Children's Hospital Ljubljanaand National Medical Ethics Committee of Slovenia LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine&Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

The recently published article by Narchi et al[1]brings an important empirical insight into a very complex issue of Parental consent for lumbar puncture(LP)in children;quite worrisome observation from authors'clinical practice that almost half of the parents refused to give consent for the LP is confirmed.[1]However,the concept of(Parental)consent,used by Narchi et al,[1]would need to be further elaborated with introduction of two other important concepts in pediatrics-child's assent and Parental permission.The concepts were endorsed by the policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics(published in 1995;reaffirmed in 2011).[2]Accordingly,only the patients with appropriate decisional capacity could give their informed consent.In all other situations,parents provide informed permission for an intervention on their child,with assent of the child if appropriate.[2]Most of children from age seven are thought to understand basic information if adequately presented,[3]The need for assent was also supported by the Confederation of European Specialists in Pediatrics,stating that all children have a right to give their assent(or dissent)and may refuse interventions that are not necessary to save their lives or prevent serious harm.[4]Furthermore,the responsibility to make decision in children is shared between physicians and parents.The later should provide informed permission before interventions(except in emergency situations),which includes all the elements of informed consent,reflecting the child's best interests.

关键词： Parental statement consent