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A review of selected parasitic plants in Nigeria:converting harms to benefits

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Natural Therapy Advances 2024年第3期7卷 14-28页

作者： Funmilayo I.D.Afolayan Ridwan A.Salaam Ebenezer S.Oladokun Samson D.Adesoye Department of Zoology University of IbadanIbadan 200132Nigeria

parasitic plants are challenging to agricultural crops and forestry development,which are sources of major revenues in several countries,including ***,parasitic plants are important to human society as they have an abundance of bioactive compounds with pharmacological ***,it becomes expedient to know the benefits of these plants and potential means of *** review discusses four selected parasitic plants in Nigeria,namely Viscum album,Striga hermonthica,Tapinanthus bangwensis and Cuscuta *** information about their pharmacological relevance and biocontrol was obtained from credible databases,including the National Library of Medicine,SCOPUS,and Google *** review showed that all four plants have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and antitumor ***,antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are common pharmacological values among parasitic *** are largely due to the presence of abundant beneficial classes of ***,there is an increasing number of biocontrol studies on the use of microorganisms,such as Phaeobotryosphaeria visci,Sphaeropsis visci,Pandoraea pulminicol,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,and Fusarium oxysporum in controlling and managing these seemingly disastrous *** is hoped that this review will spur further studies into the conservation and proper management of parasitic plants using strategically developed biocontrol.

关键词： parasitic plants pharmacological values biocontrol plant management and control ethnopharmacology

Identification of Arceuthobium globosum using unmanned aerial vehicle images in a high mountain forest of central Mexico

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1759-1771页

作者： Luis A.Leon-Banuelos Angel R.Endara-Agramont William Gomez-Demetrio Carlos G.Martınez-Garcıa E.Gabino Nava-Bernal 50000 TolucaMexicoMexico

The identification of forests infested by parasitic plants is important for the design of appropriate control and prevention *** images and geographic information systems are commonly used to analyze the presence of pest and parasitic plants in the *** there is a need for finer *** the last decade,the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has become increasingly common for capturing aerial images(<10 cm per pixel).The objective of the study was to obtain RGB values(Red,Green and Blue)through the colorimetric ranges for use in identification of Yellow Dwarf Mistletoe(YDM)(Arceuthobium globosum)in aerial images taken in a forest of central Mexico via a programmed *** tonalities of YDM were classified according to its phenological stages,***(young stage),yellow(adult stage),and brown(senescence stage),considering two light intensities,sunny and ***-parametric tests were used in statistical *** Spearman test showed significant negative correlation(p<0.001)between phenological stage and colour,indicating that lower RGB values were associated with greater *** differences between groups were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis(p<0.01)and Mann–Whitney tests(p<0.01).The applied algorithm identified the presence and predominant colours of YDM according to its phenological stage.

关键词： Colorimetric analysis RGB Pinus hartweggi parasitic plants Remote sensing

Unravelling host-mediated effects on hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus(DC.)*** traits linked to mutualisms with pollinators and seed dispersers

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 827-842页

作者： Sandra Rodríguez-Mendieta Carlos Lara Juan Francisco Ornelas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcalakm 10.5 Carretera San Martín Texmelucan-TolucaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcala 90120Mexico Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaA.C.(INECOL)Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351XalapaVeracruz 91080Mexico

Aims While the influence of mistletoe-host interactions on each other’s evolution is well-recognized,the role of interactions between mis-tletoes and its mutualistic pollinators and seed dispersers mediated by host species is relatively *** Here,we examine the effects of host species(Mexican hawthorn Crataegus mexicana DC,black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh.,leather-leaf Mexican oak Quercus crassipes Bonpl.)on flower morphology,nectar production,pollinator visitation rate and female reproduct-ive fitness in hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Psittacanthus caly-culatus(DC.)***(Loranthaceae)populations at three different *** first measured the lengths of corolla,style,stamen,exerted stamen and anther,the length and width of the ovary and nectar availability for mistletoe flowers in natural ***,we evaluated flower visitation and measured(length and width)and weighed the fruits and its seeds of mistletoes growing on each of the three host ***,we evaluated the effects of host species,location and flower traits on fruit or seed size variation(both as proxies of reproductive fitness).Important Findings We found mistletoes growing on natural hosts *** and *** produced larger flowers,fruits and seeds than mistle-toes on cultivated ***,these differences varied across *** amount of available nectar and hummingbird vis-itation rates in flowers of mistletoes on *** was higher at the three sites than in flowers of mistletoes on *** or *** effects of host species,study site and floral trait covariates affected significantly all fitness measures,indicating that mistletoes’reproductive fitness is affected differently depending on the host species and their site of *** host-associated differ-ences in reproduction might have implications for interactions with mutualistic vectors.

关键词： floral and fruit traits hosts hummingbirds local host adaptation mistletoes nectar parasitic plants pollination Psittacanthus

Genotypic Variation for Low Striga Germination Stimulation in Sorghum “Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench” Landraces from Eritrea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第17期7卷 2470-2482页

作者： Tadesse Yohannes Kahiu Ngugi Emanuel Ariga Tesfamichael Abraha Nasser Yao Pauline Asami Monday Ahonsi Department of Plant Sciences & Crop Protection Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) Keren Eritrea Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub Nairobi Kenya

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench), the second most important staple crop in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) after maize, is well adapted to marginal environments of drought stress and high temperatures. But besides drought stress, the obligate root-parasitic flowering plant Striga hermonthica is an equally economically important biotic stress in agro-ecological zones where soils are marginal. Notwithstanding widespread and intense Striga infestation, genetic variations in defence mechanisms against the parasite have been reported. Sorghum variants, producing low levels of chemical stimulants such as sorgolactones that deter the advance of Striga seed germination and are therefore deemed resistant to the parasite, have been also reported in a few studies. But the existence of sorghum genetic variation for this resistance especially among farmers’ landraces is yet to be demonstrated. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the levels of Striga germination stimulants in response to each of the 111 collected sorghum landraces and their progenies from Eritrea. The ability of a sorghum genotype to cause germination of a Striga seed as a measure of the amount of the germination stimulant produced was used to assess the resistance of these accessions. The data were recorded as Striga germination percentage by counting the number of germinated Striga seeds. Landraces EG47, EG1261, EG830, EG1076, EG54 and EG746 with 14.68%, 15.32%, 11.85%, 13.05%, 15.74% and 16.5% germination percentages respectively were found to stimulate low levels of Striga germination percentage compared to commercial checks, IS9830, SRN39, Framida, with 22.46%, 22.67%, 23.27% germination respectively. While these variants did not show complete resistance against Striga seed germination, the low level production of stimulant indicated their high level of resistance to Striga . These results implied that these accessions are likely potential sources of resistance against Striga infestation in

关键词： Eritrea Landrace Sorghum Striga hermonthica Striga Germination Stimulants Seed parasitic plants

Detection and Adaptation in parasitic Angiosperm Host Selection

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1275-1290页

作者： Lizhi Liang Yue Liu Jenil Jariwala David G. Lynn Andrew G. Palmer Departments of Chemistry and Biology Emory University Atlanta USA Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne USA

Developmental transitions in some parasitic angiosperms are tied directly to host-derived chemical cues (xenognosins). The obligate hemi-parasite Striga asiatica, initiates the root apical meristem population (germination), development of the host attachment organ (the haustorium), and shoot apical meristem initiation (seed coat shedding) in response to specific xengonosins. These checkpoints synchronize spatial and temporal tissue development. We have now exploited the external control over these developmental transitions to trace functional expression in haustorial organogenesis. Genes associated with phytohormone regulation, metabolism, vascular tissue development, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production identified in this study suggest an elaborate and global response closely tied to plant defense and redox chemistry that may also be components of a more general quorum sensing-type mechanism in plants.

关键词： parasitic plants Semagenesis parasitic Evolution Xenognosis Host Detection Quorum Sensing

Morphometric, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of Pyrularia（Santalales）, a parasitic disjunct lineage between eastern Asia and eastern North America

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Morphometric, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of Pyr...

Evolutionary variations of plastome in parasitic Orobanchaceae

中国植物学会第十六次全国会员代表大会暨85周年学术年会

作者： Zhuo Zhou Jin-Jin Hu Jun Wen Hang Sun Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Botany National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian Institution

Pyrularia is a small parasitic genus of the Santalales with two to five species exhibiting a well-known classical intercontinental disjunct distribution between eastern Asia（EA） and eastern North America（ENA）.Pyrularia and another santalaceous genus Buckleya represent the only two parasitic plant lineages with the EA–ENA *** present study was carried out to assess the species number,and molecular and morphological differentiation in Pyrularia,and to reconstruct the biogeography of the Pyrularia clade（Pyrularia and its close allies） using dating and biogeographic inferences.A phylogenetic analysis based on two nuclear and seven plastid markers strongly supported the monophyly of Pyrularia and revealed two highly distinct subclades corresponding to EA and ENA within the *** topologies within the eastern Asian lineage were found between the nuclear and the plastid datasets,which may be attributed to incomplete lineage *** and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Pyrularia in eastern Asia may best be treated as a single species,*** dating based on four markers suggested that the divergence time between the intercontinental species was in the late Miocene at 5.58 Ma（95% HPD: 2.08–11.72 Ma）,which was very close to the split of the trans-Pacific clades within the other parasitic EA-ENA disjunct genus *** EA–ENA disjunction in the only two parasitic genera may have resulted from the fragmentation of the mesophytic temperate forests in the late *** Pyrularia clade（including the close allies of Pyrularia） was inferred to have originated in Africa,then dispersed to Asia,and subsequently to North America via the Bering land bridge,resulting in the current intercontinental EA-ENA distribution of Pyrularia.

关键词： Pyrularia Buckleya parasitic plants eastern Asian–eastern North American disjunction historical biogeography Santalales

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Evolutionary variations of plastome in parasitic Orobanchace...