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Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to and Axonal Projections from GABAergic Neurons in the parafacial zone

Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第3期34卷 485-496页

作者： Yun-Ting Su Meng-Yang Gu Xi Chu Xiang Feng Yan-Qin Yu Department of Neurobiology and Physiology Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Neurobiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine

The GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone（PZ） play an important role in sleep-wake regulation and have been identified as part of a sleep-promoting center in the brainstem, but the long-range connections mediating this function remain poorly characterized. Here, we performed whole-brain mapping of both the inputs and outputs of the GABAergic neurons in the PZ of the mouse brain. We used the modified rabies virus Env A-DG-Ds Red combined with a Cre/lox P gene-expression strategy to map the direct monosynaptic inputs to the GABAergic neurons in the PZ, and found that they receive inputs mainly from the hypothalamic area, zona incerta, and parasubthalamic nucleus in the hypothalamus; the substantia nigra, pars reticulata and deep mesencephalic nucleus in the midbrain;and the intermediate reticular nucleus and medial vestibular nucleus（parvocellular part） in the pons and *** also mapped the axonal projections of the PZ GABAergic neurons with adeno-associated virus, and defined the reciprocal connections of the PZ GABAergic neurons with their input and output nuclei. The newlyfound inputs and outputs of the PZ were also listed compared with the literature. This cell-type-specific neuronal whole-brain mapping of the PZ GABAergic neurons may reveal the circuits underlying various functions such as sleep-wake regulation.

关键词： parafacial zone Parvocellular reticular formation GABAergic neurons Trans-synaptic tracing

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A Critical Time-Window for the Selective Induction of Hippocampal Memory Consolidation by a Brief Episode of Slow-Wave Sleep

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第6期34卷 1091-1099页

作者： Yi Lu Zheng-Gang Zhu Qing-Qing Ma Yun-Ting Su Yong Han Xiaodong Wang Shumin Duan Yan-Qin Yu Department of Neurobiology Institute of NeuroscienceNational Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of Medicine

Although extensively studied, the exact role of sleep in learning and memory is still not very clear. Sleep deprivation has been most frequently used to explore the effects of sleep on learning and memory, but the results from such studies are inevitably complicated by concurrent stress and distress. Furthermore, it is not clear whether there is a strict time-window between sleep and memory consolidation. In the present study we were able to induce time-locked slow-wave sleep(SWS) in mice by optogenetically stimulating GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone(PZ), providing a direct approach to analyze the influences of SWS on learning and memory with precise time-windows. We found that SWS induced by light for 30 min immediately or 15 min after the training phase of the object-in-place task significantly prolonged the memory from 30 min to 6 h. However, induction of SWS 30 min after the training phase did not improve memory, suggesting a critical time-window between the induction of a brief episode of SWS and learning for memory *** of a gentle touch to the mice during light stimulation to prevent SWS induction also failed to improve memory, indicating the specific role of SWS,but not the activation of PZ GABAergic neurons itself, in memory consolidation. Similar influences of light-induced SWS on memory consolidation also occurred for Y-maze spatial memory and contextual fear memory, but not for cued fear memory. SWS induction immediately before the test phase had no effect on memory performance, indicating that SWS does not affect memory retrieval. Thus, by induction of a brief-episode SWS we have revealed a critical time window for the consolidation of hippocampusdependent memory.

关键词： parafacial zone Slow-wave sleep Memory consolidation Hippocampus Optogenetics

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