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Taphonomy and paleoecology of Lycoptera: A Case Study from the Lower Jehol Group in Western Liaoning, Northeastern China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 737-746页

作者： Zhongwu Lan Rong Cao Shujing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Geology Trinity CollegeDublin 999015Ireland

Taphonomy and paleoecology(biological behavior)of the Early Cretaceous fish fossils are poorly described.This study reports for the first time a detailed taphonomical and paleoecological study on Lycoptera in the Mesozoic strata of western Liaoning Province,NE China.The XRD analysis shows that gismondine is the dominant clay minerals that could have contributed to the preservation of Lycoptera fossils and microbial mat fragments in the fossil-bearing horizon.Gismondine may have formed under volcanism-related hydrothermal regime that was transformed from crystal and lithic fragments.Theμ-XRF imaging analysis shows a dominant chemical composition of Al,Si,P,S,Rh,K,Ca,Ti,C,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,among which P,Ca,C and S are enriched in the fish skeleton in comparison to the matrix.This suggests a dominant apatite composition for the fish skeleton.Hydrothermal influence did not smear off these organic signals probably because of protection of gismondine.The coexistance of C and S with Ni is assumed to represent recovered primary productivity following volcanic explosions and toxic gas emissions.The head of juvenile fish stays close to the body of adult fish.Pending further discoveries,such phenomenon is interpreted to suggest that adult fish actively protected juvenile fish in the presence of environmental pressures such as anoxia and deterioration of water quality induced by volcanism.Ocean acidification and hypoxia in association with volcanism created a harmful environment causing mass extinction of fish.The adult Lycoptera protected their juveniles by its body at the moment before death.Such biological behavior will be increasingly reported given the wide occurrence of Lycoptera in Mesozoic strata.

关键词： Lycoptera taphonomy paleoecology fish Jehol Group NE China.

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Late Ordovician Mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

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The first record of a Konservat-Lagerstätten in which early post-settlement stages of fossil archaeobalanids(Cirripedia:Balanomorpha)are preserved

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 200-223页

作者： Tomáš KOCÍ Rok GAŠPARIC John BUCKERIDGE Martina KOCOVÁ VESELSKÁ Aleš ŠOSTER Ivancická581 PragueCzech Republic Palaeontological Department Natural History MuseumNational MuseumPragueCzech Republic Oertijdmuseum Bosscheweg 80Boxtel5293 WBThe Netherlands Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution Novi TrgKamnikSlovenia Earth and Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Museums Victoria CarltonVictoriaAustralia Department of Paleobiology and paleoecology Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described.It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove leaves.These represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post settlement.An assessment of their taphonomy is provided.Associated adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,Carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean bones.The barnacles include A.sloveniensis,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the shells.A.venustus retains some of the original shell color.This is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and Trbovlje.The paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.

关键词： acorn barnacles barnacle metamorphosis epibiont paleoecology taxonomy

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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai K.O'Connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern mammals.This structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social interactions.Eutheria,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the Mesozoic.Yet very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion analysis.We compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark analysis.The results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living mammals.Virtual range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its size.These findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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Sedimentology and foraminiferal paleoecology of the exposed Oligocene-Miocene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation in Issele-Uku area,Anambra Basin,southern Nigeria:A paleoenvironmental reconstruction

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第4期11卷 618-628页

作者： J.A.Adeoye V.O.Jolayemi S.O.Akande Department of Geology and Mining Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapai 911101Niger StateNigeria Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences University of IlorinIlorin 240101Kwara StateNigeria

Sedimentological and foraminiferal paleoecological studies were carried out for the Oligocene-Miocene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation of the Anambra Basin at the Issele-Uku area in southern Nigeria,to reconstruct paleoenvironments.The pattern of rock successions and textural characteristics suggest the prevalence of fluvio-deltaic setting during the formation of lignites and clastic rocks of Ogwashi-Asaba Formation.Agglutinated benthic foraminiferal species such as Ammotium sp.,Textularia sp.,Gavelinella sp.,Milliamina sp.,Reophax sp.,Bolivina sp.,Eponides sp.,Pseudobolivina sp.and Lenticulina sp.dominate the shale units whereas the planktonic forms are absent.All these species have very low population and diversity in the shales,which could be due to the presence of harsh conditions such as low oxygen level and scarcity of food,leading to poor survival.The assessments of benthic foraminifera's habitat suggest middle-to-inner neritic marine environment for the shales.Granulometric results suggest fluvial environment for the sandstone and deltaic for the lignite.The Ogwashi-Asaba Formation in Issele-Uku area of Anambra Basin,southern Nigeria,therefore,have records of shallow marine,and fluvio-deltaic paleoenvironments.

关键词： Foraminiferal Sedimentology Ogwashi-Asaba Formation Anambra Basin paleoecology

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paleoecology of Early Ordovician Reefs in the Yichang Area,Hubei:a Correlation of Organic Reefs Between Early Ordovician and Jurassic

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第5期85卷 1003-1015页

作者： Chuantao XIAO Meng LI Wei YANG Mingyi HU Chao LI Key Laboration of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University) Ministry of Education Jingzhou Hubei 434023 China Gas Geology Department of Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPC Langfang Hebei 065007 China

The Early Ordovician System is composed mainly of a series of carbonate platform deposits interbedded with shale and is especially characterized by a large number of organic reefs or buildups that occur widely in the research area.The reefs have different thicknesses ranging from 0.5 m to 11.5 m and lengths varying from 1 m to 130 m.The reef-building organisms include Archaeoscyphia, Recepthaculitids,Batostoma,Cyanobacteria and Pulchrilamina.Through the research of characteristics of the reef-bearing strata of the Early Ordovician in the Yichang area,four sorts of biofacies are recognized,which are(1) shelly biofacies:containing Tritoechia-Pelmatozans community and Tritoechia-Pomatotrema community;(2) reef biofacies:including the Batostoma,Calathium-Archaeoscyphia, Pelmatozoa-Batostoma,Archeoscyphia and Calathium-Cyanobacteria communities; (3) standing-water biofacies:including the Acanthograptus-Dendrogptus and Yichangopora communities;and(4) allochthonous biofacies:containing Nanorthis-Psilocephlina taphocoense community.The analysis of sea-level changes indicates that there are four cycles of sea-level changes during the period when reef-bearing strata were formed in this area,and the development of reefs is obviously controlled by the velocity of sea-level changes and the growth of accommodation space.The authors hold that reefs were mostly formed in the high sea level periods.Because of the development of several subordinate cycles during the sea-level rising,the reefs are characterized by great quantity, wide distribution,thin thickness and small scale,which are similar to that of Juassic reefs in northern Tibet.The research on the evolution of communities shows that succession and replacement are the main forms.The former is favorable to the development of reefs and the latter indicates the disappearance of reefs.

关键词： organic reef paleoecology sea-level change Early Ordovician Yichang area

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paleoecology of the Ordovician Reef-Shoal Depositional System in the Yijianfang Outcrop of the Bachu Area,West Tarim Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第4期23卷 408-420页

作者：焦养泉吴立群荣辉王永标王瑞 Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum

The reef-shoal depositional system of the Ordovician carbonate platform margin is well exposed in the Yijianfang （一间房） outcrop of the Bachn （巴楚） uplift region, which offers an advantageous condition to study their paleoecology. Using a detailed field geologic survey and illustrated profiles of typical depositional systems, three types of genetic facies associations can be recognized in the reef-shoal depositional system： an organic reef, an organic shoal, and an upper slope. The organic reef is composed of three types of genetic facies （a reef base, a reef core, and fore-reef breccias）; the organic shoal is formed from five types of genetic facies （tide channels, fore-reef inner shoals, fore-reef outer shoals, back-reef inner shoals, and back-reef outer shoals）. The studies of the paleontological assemblage in each genetic facies of the depositional system indicate that the fauna preserved in each genetic facies are varied. The calathium, archaeoscyphia, bryozoan, and calcareous alga are well preserved in the organic reefs. The organisms preserved in the organic shoals are generally fragmented, while weil-preserved girvanella and nuia siberica with a content of about 15% in the back-reef outer shoals are the most characteristic and different from others. The sinoceras, trilobites, and gastropods are well preserved in the upper slope deposits. The studies will demonstrate that the reef-shoal complexes developed above the base of the fair-weather wave base and that the original hydrodynamic conditions for the reef core forming is the stronger and become more and more low-energy from the inner part to outer part of the organic shoals.

关键词： paleoecology reef-shoal depositional system Ordovician Tarim basin.

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The Villafranchian carnivoran guild of Greece:implications for the fauna,biochronology and paleoecology

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 444-460页

作者： George D.KOUFOS Department of Geology Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece

Knowledge on the Villafranchian faunas of Greece was limited for a long time,but over the past 3 decades several new fossiliferous sites have been discovered and new material has been unearthed.The carnivores constitute a remarkable part of this material and their study has provided useful information for the taxonomy,chronology and palaeoecology.The Villafranchian carnivoran guild includes numerous taxa belonging to various families.Some of them are interesting as they are differentiated from the other Eurasian families.They cover the entire Villafranchian but the mass is known from the Middle to the Epi-Villafranchian(EVC).Despite the discontinuous data,they provide useful biochronological results.The coexistence of Pliocrocuta perrieri and Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the locality of Gerakarou 1 is strong evidence for the Middle Villafranchian(MVC)/Late Villafranchian(LVC)boundary.The composition of the Villafranchian carnivores suggests that the canids predominate,while the felids,hyenids and mustelids are well represented;the ursids are represented by a single taxon,the well-known Ursus etruscus,which seems to be common during the entire Villafranchian.The carnivoran guild structure and the multivariate analysis of the Greek Villafranchian carnivoran assemblages(MVC,LVC and EVC)in comparison with modern assembalges from open and closed environments indicate a relatively open landscape,which is in agreement with previous results for the Villafranchian of Greece.During the EVC there is a faunal renewal that is related to a more open and dry environment,like savannah bushland/grassland.

关键词： biochronology carnivore Greece paleoecology Villafranchian

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Faunal associations, paleoecology and paleoenvironment of marine Jurassic rocks in the Mae Sot, Phop Phra, and Umphang areas, western Thailand

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 2001-2023页

作者： MEESOOK Assanee YAMEE Chotima SAENGSRICHAN Wirote Department of Mineral Resources Rama VI Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand

We here report a paleoecological analysis and depositional history of the marine Jurassic (Toarcian–early Bajocian) strata cropping out in the western part of Thailand, based on bivalve assemblages with additional data from ammonites, brachiopods, and microfossils. Generally, the benthic bivalve facies in most outcrops is rich in infaunal, semi-infaunal and epifaunal suspension-feeders. Of these, infaunal forms dominate. The diversity of this benthic assemblage was influenced by energy level, substrate, sedimentation rate, and salinity. Low to intermediate energy levels and rather soft fine-grained siliciclastic substrate are proposed as factors governing faunal distribution and explaining the greater abundance and diversity of infaunal than epifaunal suspension-feeders. There were paleoenvironmental changes both in space and time, i.e., from south to north (Umphang to Mae Sot) and from Early Bajocian to Toarcian. In the Toarcian, most outcrops in Umphang are dominated by benthic bivalve facies (infaunal, semi-infaunal, and epifaunal associations). This implies warm, shallow water (inner neritic, 50―100 m) and oxygenated conditions except for the Mae Sot area where a deeper setting (outer neritic to possibly upper continental slope, 50―200 m) with restricted basinal anoxic conditions is favored as indicated by the presence of Bositra. After higher energy conditions in the Toarcian, lower energy conditions with low sediment supplies prevail in the Alenian, and the Mae Sot area was still a restricted basin. As a result of higher sea levels, the oxygen content in the basin is increased, resulting in the presence of the ammonites. By the end of the Alenian-early Bajocian, an ammonite-bivalve association (mixed facies A) and the presence of corals and microfauna (mixed facies B) are dominant but pass upwards to near-shore higher energy conditions in most areas except for restricted basin in Mae Sot. By the middle Bajocian the environment in all areas had changed from marine to nonmarine.

关键词： marine Jurassic faunal association paleoecology paleoenvironment western Thailand

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Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Maastrichtian Sediments in the Zagros Basin, Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第5期87卷 1387-1395页

作者： Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad SHIRAZI Pegah SHAMS Mohammad BAHRAMI Department of Geology Payame Noor University Department of Geology Payame Noor University

To enable the lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphie study of the Gurpi Formation, within the ＇Dezak＇ or Globigerina Marl, a stratigraphic section at Booraki, located to the NNW of Shiraz, SW Iran, through the late Cretaceous was examined. The formation consists of shale and greenish-gray marls interbedded with cream limestone, brown sandstones and siltstones with an exposed thickness of 160 m in the studied section. Samples were taken at regular intervals in all yielding 14 genera and 16 different species of benthic and planktic foraminifera that allowed determination of the age of the beds as Maastrichtian. To examine the paleoecology of the formation, some important ecological factors including water level, salinity, and oxygen regime change during the depositional courses of the formation were analyzed. The density of foraminiferans decreases from the base to top of the Gurpi Formation whereas the ratio of planktic to benthic Foraminifera （i.e., P/B） and proportion of shallow-water fauna increase. These foraminiferal changes indicate an increase and decrease in depth, temperature, salinity and oxygen, respectively, at the base and top of the Formation.

关键词： Biostratigraphy planktic/benthic foraminifera paleoecology Mesozoic Iran

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