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plant remains from an Archaeological Site as Indicators of Vegetation and Agricultural Practice Between(3 320±400) and(2 080±80) yr BP in Gangetic West Bengal,India

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2006年第6期48卷 628-641页

作者： Ruby Ghosh Subir Bera Ashalata D'Rozario Manju Banerjee Supriyo Chakraborty Department of Botany University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular RoadKolkata 700019India Narasinha Dutt College 129 Bellilious Road Howrah 711101India Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 53 University RoadLucknow 226007India

Diverse plant remains recovered from an archaeological site of Chslcollthlc-Early Historic age in the Bhalrabdanga area of pakhanna （latitude 23°25′N, longitude 87°23′E）, situated on the west bank of the Damodar river, Bankura district, West Bengal, India, include food grains, wood charcoals, and palynomorphs. Radiocarbon dating of the recovered biological remains reveal the age of the site as （3 320 ± 400） to （2 080± 80） yr BP. The food grains were Identified as Oryza sativa L. and Vigna mungo L, and seeds of Brassica cf. campestris L. were also found; these indicate the agricultural practice and food habits of the ancient people living at pakhanna from the Chalcolithlc to the Early Historic period. Sediments Including plant remains have been broadly divided into two zones, considering archaeological findings and radiocarbon dating. Analysis of the plant remains （I.e, wood charcoals and palynomorphs） in addition to cultivated food grains has revealed that a rich vegetation cover existed in this area, with a prevailing tropical and humid climate, comprising the timber-yielding plants Shores sp., Terminalia sp., and Tamarindus sp., with undergrowths of diverse shrubs and herbs during the Chalcolithic period （zone I） dated （3 320 ± 400） yr BP. Comparatively poorer representation and frequency of plant remains Indicate a drier climate during the Early Historic period （zone Ⅱ） dated as （2 110 ± 340） to （2 080 ± 80） yr BP. Comparisons of the archaeobotanical data recovered from the Chalcollthic and Early Historic period and also a principle components analysis Indicate a change In the climate of the area from tropical and humid at （3 320 ± 400） yr BP to tropical and drier conditions at （2 110 ± 340） to （2 080 ± 80） yr BP. The present-day tropical, dry deciduous vegetation of the area suggests that climate change has occurred in the area since the contemporaneous past. The plant remains database has been utilized to reconstruct the settlement pattern of the community livi

关键词： agriculture archaeological site culture, India pakhanna, plant remains vegetation West Bengal.

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