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The role of pacific water in the dramatic retreat of arctic sea ice during summer 2007

Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2008年第2期19卷 93-107页

作者： Mike Steele Rebecca Woodgate Polar Science Center Applied Physics LaboratoryCollege of Ocean and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98105

A model study is conducted to examine the role of pacific water in the dramatic retreat of arctic sea ice during summer 2007. The model generally agrees with the observations in showing considerable seasonal and interannual variability of the pacific water inflow at Bering Strait in response to changes in atmospheric circulation. During summer 2007 anomalously strong southerly winds over the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean strengthen the ocean circulation and bring more pacific water into the Arctic than the recent （2000-2006） average. The simulated summer （3 months ） 2007 mean pacific water inflow at Bering Strait is 1.2 Sv, which is the highest in the past three decades of the simulation and is 20% higher than the recent average. Particularly, the pacific water inflow in September 2007 is about 0.5 Sv or 50% above the 2000-2006 average. The strengthened warm pacific water inflow carries an additional 1.0 x 1020 Joules of heat into the Arctic, enough to melt an additional 0.5 m of ice over the whole Chukchi Sea. In the model the extra summer oceanic heat brought in by the pacific water mainly stays in the Chukchi and Beaufort region, contributing to the warming of surface waters in that region. The heat is in constant contact with the ice cover in the region in July through September. Thus the pacific water plays a role in ice melting in the Chukchi and Beaufort region all summer long in 2007, likely contributing to up to O. 5 m per month additional ice melting in some area of that region.

关键词： pacific water Arctic sea ice.

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water mass of the northward throughflow in the Bering Strait in the summer of 2003

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第2期25卷 25-32页

作者： ZHAO Jinping SHI Jiuxin GAO Guoping JIAO Yutian ZHANG Hongxin Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China North China Sea Branch of the State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266000 China

The temperature and salinity data obtained by the Chinese national arctic research expedition （CHINARE2003） are used to study the water structure in the Bering Strait and ambient regions. Four water masses appeared in the research region： the intermediate Bering Sea water mass （IBWM）, the Alaska coastal water （ACW）, the Anadyr water （AW） and the Bering shelf water （BSW）. The AW originates from the IBWM, but the upper layer water has been greatly altered. In the cruise on 28/29 July 2003, there were only the BSW and ACW in a section across the Bering Strait （BS section）, but in the September 12/13 cruise, the AW, BSW and ACW flowed parallelly into the Bering Strait. The upper waters of these water masses were all altered due to ice melting, runoff, solar radiation, and wind mixing. The waters in the central and northern parts of Bering Strait stratified by two uniform layers,were expressed as the typical feature of the water masses originating from the pacific. A two-layer structure also dominated the vertical stratification in most part of the Chukchi Sea. An obvious subseasonal variation was observed in the BS section, which caused varying transportation of fresh water, heat, and substance, and produced a long-term and extensive impact on the Arctic Ocean.

关键词： Bering Strait water mass pacific water Arctic Ocean CHINARE2003

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