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Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of pv modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 131-150页

作者： Masafumi Yamaguchi Yasuyuki Ota Taizo Masuda Christian Thiel Anastasios Tsakalidis Arnulf Jaeger-Waldau Kenji Araki Kensuke Nishioka Tatsuya Takamoto Takashi Nakado Kazumi Yamada Tsutomu Tanimoto Yosuke Tomita Yusuke Zushi Kenichi Okumura Takashi Mabuchi Akinori Satou Kyotaro Nakamura Ryo Ozaki Nobuaki Kojima Yoshio Ohshita Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Faculty of Engineering Miyazaki University Miyazaki Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Susono Japan European Commission— Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy Sharp Corporation Nara Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Japan Nissan Motor Corporation Yokosuka Japan

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIpv-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIpv-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIpv-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of pv modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of pv modules upon driving distance of the VIpv-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some pv modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIpv-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIpv modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIpv-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to pv modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of pv modules and the development of high-efficiency pv modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIpv-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIpv modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIpv-EV.

关键词： Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIpv) VIpv-Powered Electric Vehicles Driving Distance pv modules Solar Irradiation Temperature Rise Radiative Cooling

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A novel porous channel to optimize the cooling performance of pv modules

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2022年第2期3卷 210-225页

作者： Yingbo Zhang Chao Shen Chunxiao Zhang Jihong Pu Qianru Yang Cheng Sun School of Architecture Harbin Institute of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and TechnologyMinistry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150090China

This paper dealt with a series of numerical investigations on a new porous cooling channel applied to pv/T systems in order to improve the insufficient heat transfer in the conventional channel.The proposed porous cooling channel based on field synergy theory had a higher overall heat transfer coefficient,which enhanced the total efficiency of the pv/T system.The numerical model was validated with experimental data.The results showed that holes distributed non-uniformly near the outlet of the cooling water led to a better cooling effect,and a hole diameter of 0.005 m led to an optimal performance.The total efficiency of the pv module with the new cooling channel was 4.17%higher than the conventional one at a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m^(2)and an inlet mass flow rate of 0.006 kg/s.In addition,as the solar irradiance increased from 300 to 1200 W/m^(2),the total efficiency of the new pv/T system dropped by 5.07%,which included reductions in both the electrical and thermal efficiency.The total efficiency was improved by 18.04%as the inlet mass flow rate of cooling water increased from 0.002 to 0.02 kg/s.

关键词： pv modules Heat regulation Field synergy theory pv cell temperature

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Research on the potential-induced degradation (PID) of pv modules running in two typical climate regions

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Clean Energy 2019年第3期3卷 222-226页

作者： Gang Sun Xiaohe Tu Rui Wang NICE Solar Energy Co. Ltd Beijing Gas and Heating Engineering Design Institute

In order to accurately select photovoltaic modules under different climatic conditions,three kinds of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules were prepared for this study using different properties of packaging materials and two typical climatic zones of China were selected for installation and operation of these photovoltaic(pv)modules.The photoelectric parameters(maximum power,open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current,etc.)and electroluminescence images of these modules were analysed before and after their operation for 6 months.The study found that the performance of pv modules in different climatic regions shows different decay tendency and degradation mechanism.There was a significant difference in the degradation of the three different types of pv modules in the sub-humid-hot region(Suzhou,Jiangsu);two kinds of photovoltaic modules using relatively poorly performing package materials showed significant potential-induced degradation effects.However,the degradation trend of the three different types of pv modules in the warm-temperate region(Kenli,Shandong)was consistent and no significant potential-induced degradation effect was observed.

关键词： pv modules typical climate zones PID power degradation

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Smart component monitoring system increases the efficiency of photovoltaic plants

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Clean Energy 2023年第2期7卷 I0001-I0009,312页

作者： Hassan Yazdani Mehdi Radmehr Alireza Ghorbani Department of Electrical Engineering Sari BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySariIran

Due to the increasing expansion of renewable energy,especially the widespread installation of solar power plants worldwide,to better exploit and increase the efficiency and quality of power generation,we need to closely monitor the performance of important components of the plant.In this study,using an innovative smart monitoring system and electronic sensors,we monitored compo-nents such as power in photovoltaic(pv)arrays in real time,including the phenomenon of hot spots as an example of power loss in pv panels.Detection of hot spots is very difficult to deal with in a large power plant.The results also demonstrated smart monitoring that increased detection speed and increased the efficiency rate per supervisory technician by≤36% compared with the previous ef-ficiency rate,which was 10% per technical staff,and increased the quality of the operation of each solar power plant.In this paper,meteorological data were coordinated with research data to validate the research.Furthermore,to compare the results of using the smart monitoring method with the conventional observation method,a complete diagram of a 5-kW solar system in MATLAB■2018 was simulated and output diagrams were presented.Finally,to provide a comprehensive validation,our research results were com-pared with technical data obtained from a local 5-kW solar power plant located in Sari,Iran(36°33ʹ48″N,53°03ʹ36″E)with an average annual irradiation of 1490 kWh/m^(2).When the simulation results and research are analysed,it is clear that the smart and real-time monitoring approach brings various benefits to solar power plants.

关键词： photovoltaic power plant online monitoring efficiency solar cell power pv modules

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A Review on Recent Development of Cooling Technologies for Photovoltaic modules

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第6期29卷 1410-1430页

作者： ZHANG Chunxiao SHEN Chao WEI Shen WANG Yuan LV Guoquan SUN Cheng Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologySchool of ArchitectureHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management University College London(UCL)London WC1E 7HBUK

When converting solar energy to electricity,a big proportion of energy is not converted for electricity but for heating pv cells,resulting in increased cell temperature and reduced electrical efficiency.Many cooling technologies have been developed and used for pv modules to lower cell temperature and boost electric energy yield.However,little crucial review work was proposed to comment cooling technologies for pv modules.Therefore,this paper has provided a thorough review of the up-to-date development of existing cooling technologies for pv modules,and given appropriate comments,comparisons and discussions.According to the ways or principles of cooling,existing cooling technologies have been classified as fluid medium cooling(air cooling,water cooling and nanofluids cooling),optimizing structural configuration cooling and phase change materials cooling.Potential influential factors and sub-methods were collected from the review work,and their contributions and impact have been discussed to guide future studies.Although most cooling technologies reviewed in this paper are matured,there are still problems need to be solved,such as the choice of cooling fluid and its usability for specific regions,the fouling accumulation and cleaning of enhanced heat exchangers with complex structures,the balance between cooling cost and net efficiency of pv modules,the cooling of circulating water in tropical areas and the freezing of circulating water in cold areas.To be advocated,due to efficient heat transfer and spectral filter characters,nanofluids can promote the effective matching of solar energy at both spectral and spatial scales to achieve orderly energy utilization.

关键词： solar energy pv modules cooling technologies nanoparticles phase change materials

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Advanced polymer encapsulates for photovoltaic devices-A review

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第5期7卷 920-928页

作者： Sashivinay Kumar Gaddam Ramyakrishna Pothu Rajender Boddula LAMTUF Plastics Private Ltd HyderabadTelanganaIndia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China Energy&Environmental Engineering Department CSIRIndian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007Telangana stateIndia

Photovoltaic(pv)technology has evolved as the major renewable power resource in the worldwide green energy sector to meet the future challenge of energy needs.The main barrier for the commercialization of this technology which is even estimated to contribute about 20% of the global energy supply by 2050 is the poor performance and stability of the pv modules in the outdoor climate.Encapsulation of pv modules is one among the multiple ways to mitigate these stability issues and it plays an important role in the enhancement of the device lifetime by providing a barrier structure to restrict the penetration of oxygen and moisture.This review summarizes the extensive progress made in the field of polymer encapsulate materials for pv modules and also providing current challenges and future perspectives in this area.

关键词： Encapsulation pv modules Polymer composites Stimuli-responsive polymers Stability Lifetime

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Feasibility Study for Power Generation during Peak Hours with a Hybrid System in a Recycled Paper Mill

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2013年第2期2卷 43-53页

作者： Adriano Beluco Clodomiro P.Colvara Luis E.Teixeira Alexandre Beluco Universidade Ritter dos Reis Porto AlegreBrazil Genesys Participacoes Ltd. Porto AlegreBrazil Institution Pesquisas Hidráulicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil

The differential pricing for peak hours encourages industrial consumers to look for independent power supplies for the period from 19 to 22 hours. This paper presents a study to identify the optimal solution for a recycled paper mill that also intends to work in that period. The factory is located in Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, and considers the use of a diesel gen set, a micro hydro power plant and possibly pv modules. Two micro hydro power plants were considered in the study, an old plant to be renewed and another to be fully implemented. The software Homer was used as a tool to determine the most feasible combination of components considered in the study. The sale of surplus power to the energy system appears as a key to viability of alternatives that are not based solely on diesel generators. The optimal solution consists of a combination of diesel generators and micro hydro power plant, in one case, and only on hydroelectric power plant in another, with a significant penetration of pv modules if its cost is reduced to 12% of the current price, selling an amount of energy equal to that which is bought. The annual water availability in one of the sites requires diesel supplement, while the other, more abundant, this supplement is not necessary.

关键词： Hybrid Energy Systems Micro Hydro Power pv modules Energetic Complementarity Feasibility Study Computational Simulation Software Homer

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