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Challenges and perspectives for structural biology of IncRNAs-the example of the Xist IncRNA A-repeats

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第10期11卷 845-859页

作者： Alisha NJones Michael Sattler Institute of Structural Biology Helmholtz Zentrum MunchenNeuherberg85764Germany Center for Integrated PROtein Scienee Munich and Bavarian NMR Center at Department of Chemistry Technical University of MunichGarching85747Germany

Following the discovery of numerous long non-coding RNA(IncRNA)transcripts in the human genome,their important roles in biology and human disease are emerging.Recent PROgress in experimental methods has enabled the identification of structural features of IncRNAs.However,determining high-resolution structures is challenging as IncRNAs are expected to be dynamic and adopt multiple conformations,which may be modulated by interaction with PROtein binding partners.The X-inactive specific transcript(Xist)is necessary for X inactivation during dosage compensation in female placental mammals and one of the beststudied IncRNAs.Recent PROgress has PROvided new insights into the domain organization,molecular features,and RNA binding PROteins that interact with distinct regions of Xist.The A-repeats located at the 5'end of the transcript are of particular interest as they are essential for mediating silencing ofthe inactive X chromosome.Here,we discuss recent PROgress with elucidating structural features of the Xist IncRNA,focusing on the A-repeats.We discuss the experimental and computational apPROaches employed that have led to distinct structural models,likely reflecting the intrinsic dynamics of this RNA.The presence of multiple dynamic conformations may also play an important role in the formation ofthe associated RNPs,thus influencing the molecular mechanism underlying the biological function of the Xist A-repeats.We PROpose that integrative apPROaches that combine biochemical experiments and high-resolution structural biology in vitro with chemical PRObing and functional studies in vivo are required to unravel the molecular mechanisms of IncRNAs.

关键词： In cRNA structural biology Xist chemical PRO bing enzymatic footpri nting computational structure predicti on

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Nanopore sequencing: a rapid solution for infectious disease epidemics

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 1101-1103页

作者： Ying Cao Jing Li Xin Chu Haizhou Liu Wenjun Liu Di Liu Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Research Group of Computer Virology Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and ApplicationWuhan Institute of VirologyChineseAcademy of SciencesWuhan430071China Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Bureau of Major R&D PROgrams Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100864China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have given rise to a large number of human infections,morbidity,and heavy economic burden,including the Middle East respiratory syndrome caused by a coronavirus in 2012,global influenza pandemic caused by the H7N9 influenza A virus in2013,Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014,and Lassa fever epidemic in Nigeria in 2019.The healthcare war against viruses deserves constant surveillance due to the continuous emergence of new viruses and rapid evolution of existing viruses(Liu and Liu,2017).

关键词： PRO RNA Nanopore sequencing a rapid solution for infectious disease epidemics

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Damps’role in inflammatory bowel disease:a paradoxical player of mtDNA-STING signaling pathway in gut homeostasis

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Science Bulletin 2019年第19期64卷 1396-1398页

作者： Qiongyuan Hu Yanhan Ren Dominic ASlade Quan Zhou Xiuwen Wu Jinjian Huang Guosheng Gu Gefei Wang Jianan Ren Jieshou Li Research Institute of General Surgery Jinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China Chicago Medical School Rosalind Franklin UniversityNorth ChicagoIL60064-3095USA Department of Surgery Salford Royal NHS Foundation TrustStott LaneSalfordUK School of Medicine Nanjing UniversityNanjing210029China

The inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis,are chronic,relapsing immune mediated disorders of the gastrointestinal homeostasis and intestinal inflammation[1].Failure to resolve mucosal inflammation and maintain gut barrier are notable shared clinical challenges in IBD,in particular when they activate immune cells within the gut lamia PROpria.Clinical trials and animal model studies aiming towards DAMPs have demonstrated that they can be effective therapeutic targets in mucosal inflammation of IBD.

关键词： PRO IBD Damps mtDNA

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An exciting time for genome editing: an interview with David R. Liu

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 452-454页

作者： Weijie Zhao Kevin T.Zhao NSR David Liu’s group at Harvard University and the Broad Institute

In 1987, several Osaka University researchers discovered a special kind of clustered DNA repeats in bacteria. Within a few years, two other groups independently discovered the same phenomenon but no one knew its function at the time. Only a small handful of scientists studied this PROperty from its discovery in 1987 to 2005. It was then that the function of these DNA repeats, which were named Clustered

关键词： PRO CRISPR Liu an interview with David R An exciting time for genome editing

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Structural variation in complex genome: detection, integration and function

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 1098-1100页

作者： Ning Yang Shenshen Wu Jianbing Yan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImPROvement Huazhong Agricultural University

Structural variations (SVs) are mutations with large-scale changes (generally>50 bp) in the genome. SVs are major sources of the genetic diversity of organisms and thus are of high relevance to phenotype variations, gene dosage and evolutionary genetics. Except detecting SVs through comparative genetic analyses, dozens of software had been developed based on the alignment of short-reads to a single linear genome in the past decades (Guan and Sung, 2016).

关键词： PRO Structural variation in complex genome integration and function

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Arabidopsis ANAC092 regulates auxin-mediated root development by binding to the ARF8 and PIN4 PROmoters

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第9期61卷 1015-1031页

作者： Dandan Xi Xu Chen Yuxia Wang Ruiling Zhong Jianmei He Jiabin Shen Feng Ming State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of GeneticsInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Auxin is an important plant hormone that is essential for growth and development due to its effects on organogenesis, morphogenesis, tropisms, and apical dominance. The functional diversity of auxin highlights the importance of its biosynthesis, transport, and associated responses. In this study, we show that a NAC transcription factor, ANAC092(also named At NAC2 and ORESARA1),known to positively regulate leaf senescence and contribute to abiotic stress responses, also affects primary root development. Plants overexpressing ANAC092 had altered root meristem lengths and shorter primary roots compared with the wild-type control. Additionally, expression of the PRO ANAC092::GUS was strongly induced by indole-3-acetic acid. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR(q RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the YUCCA2, PIN, and ARF expression levels were downregulated in ANAC092-overexpressing plants. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ANAC092 binds to the PROmoters of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 8(ARF8) and PIN-FORMED 4(PIN4). Furthermore, a dual-luciferase assay indicated that ANAC092 decreases ARF8 and PIN4 PROmoter activities. We also applied a CRISPR/Cas9 system to mutate ANAC092. The roots of three of the analyzed mutants were longer than normal. Collectively, our findings indicate that ANAC092 negatively affects root development by controlling the auxin pathway.

关键词： PRO ARF PIN

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Design and hovering control of a twin rotor tail-sitter UAV

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第9期62卷 185-187页

作者： Wufan WANG Jihong ZHU Minchi KUANG Xiaming YUAN Yunfei TANG Yaqing LAI Lyujie CHEN Yunjie YANG Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

The tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)combine the vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL)capabilities of rotary-wing UAVs and the efficient long-distance flight capability of fixed-wing UAVs.When compared with other hybrid aircraft configurations such as tilt-rotor [1] and tilt-wing [2]UAVs, the tail-sitter UAV possesses the simplest configuration and requires no extra mechanisms for performing the VTOL maneuver. This brings several benefits including high payload and low susceptibility to malfunctions.

关键词： Design and hovering control of a twin rotor tail-sitter UAV PRO

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China needs long-term solutions for African Swine Fever

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Science Bulletin 2019年第20期64卷 1469-1471页

作者： Jun Zhao Zhaohai Bai Lin Ma Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil EcologyCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China School of Social and Public Administration East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

African Swine Fever(ASF)has received a lot of public concerns in and outside of China(1)Currently,more than 1 million head of pigs have been culled,and the stocking number of fattening pigs and sows has been reported reduced by more than 20%(Fig.1a,b),and the price of pork has been increased by around 30%compared with the same period in 2018(Fig.1c).ASF in China has also had a significant impact on the world meat market,due to its huge contribution to global pig PROduction.

关键词： PRO China needs long-term solutions for African Swine Fever ASF

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Evaluation of the Effects of Cypermethrin on Female RePROductive Function by Using Rabbit Model and of the PROtective Role of Chinese PROpolis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第10期29卷 762-766页

作者： AE Khatab NM Hashem LM El-Kodary FM Lotfy GA Hassan Department of Home Economics Department Faculty of Specific EducationAlexandria University Department of Animal PROduction Faculty of Agriculture(El-Shatby)Alexandria University Department of Home Economics Faculty of Agriculture(El-Shatby)Alexandria University

对 cypermethrin 毒性的中国 PROpolis 的预防效果被执行卵巢和子宫组织病理学说，以及由描绘卵巢的功能，胚胎，和崽评估。Cypermethrin 在卵巢和子宫导致了 atypia，并且减少排卵地点和胚胎的数字。导致 Cypermethrin 的氧化应力在怀... 详细信息

对 cypermethrin 毒性的中国 PROpolis 的预防效果被执行卵巢和子宫组织病理学说，以及由描绘卵巢的功能，胚胎，和崽评估。Cypermethrin 在卵巢和子宫导致了 atypia，并且减少排卵地点和胚胎的数字。导致 Cypermethrin 的氧化应力在怀孕期间，减少后代的生产率以及数字和重量并且在后代增加了词法畸形性的发生。到对待 cypermethrin 的动物的 PROpolis 的管理减轻了导致 cypermethrin 的繁殖毒性。

关键词： Evaluation of the Effects of Cypermethrin on Female RePROductive Function by Using Rabbit Model and of the PROtective Role of Chinese PROpolis PRO GPX

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AI-boosted software automation:learning from human pair PROgrammers

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 50-52页

作者： Xin PENG Zhenchang XING Jun SUN School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science Fudan University Research School of Computer Science Australian National University School of Information Systems Singapore Management University

Dear editor,Software automation [1] aims to automatically generate computer PROgrams from formal or informal requirement descriptions. It covers a variety of transformations of different spans, including generating PROgrams from natural-language requirements, requirements specifications, or design specifications. Traditionally software automation is achieved through logical reasoning and rule-based transformation [1]. Although the transformation

关键词： AI-boosted software automation:learning from human pair PROgrammers API PRO

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