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Molecular and evolutionary analyses of formyl peptide receptors suggest the absence of VNO-specific FPRs in primates

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第12期37卷 771-778页

作者： Hui Yang Peng Shi State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) were observed to expand in rodents and were recently suggested as candidate vomeronasal chemo-sensory receptors. Since vomeronasal chemosensory receptors usually underwent positive selection and evolved concordantly with the vomeronasal organ (VNO) morphology, we surveyed FPRs in primates in which VNO morphology is greatly diverse and thus it would provide us a clearer view of VNO-FPRs evolution. By screening available primate genome sequences, we obtained the FPR repertoires in representative primate species. As a result, we did not find FPR family size expansion in primates. Further analyses showed no evolution-ary force variance between primates with or without VNO structure, which indicated that there was no functional divergence among pri-mates FPRs. Our results suggest that primates lack the VNO-specific FPRs and the FPR expansion is not a common phenomenon in mammals outside rodent lineage, regardless of VNO complexity.

关键词： formyl peptide receptor vomeronasal chemosensory receptor primates

Taking central nervous system regenerative therapies to the clinic: curing rodents versus nonhuman primates versus humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 425-437页

作者： Magdalini Tsintou Kyriakos Dalamagkas Nikos Makris Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Services Center for Neural Systems InvestigationsCenter for Morphometric AnalysisAthinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Psychiatry Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA University College of London Division of Surgery&Interventional Science Center for Nanotechnology&Regenerative MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Memorial Hermann Research Center The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Memorial Hermann HospitalHoustonTXUSA Department of Anatomy&Neurobiology Boston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

The central nervous system is known to have limited regenerative *** only does this halt the human body’s reparative processes after central nervous system lesions,but it also impedes the establishment of effective and safe therapeutic options for such *** the high prevalence of stroke and spinal cord injury in the general population,these conditions remain incurable and place a heavy burden on patients’families and on society more *** and neural engineering are diverse biomedical fields that attempt reparative treatments,utilizing stem cells-based strategies,biologically active molecules,nanotechnology,exosomes and highly tunable biodegradable systems(e.g.,certain hydrogels).Although there are studies demonstrating promising preclinical results,safe clinical translation has not yet been accomplished.A key gap in clinical translation is the absence of an ideal animal or ex vivo model that can perfectly simulate the human microenvironment,and also correspond to all the complex pathophysiological and neuroanatomical factors that affect functional outcomes in humans after central nervous system *** an ideal model does not currently exist,but it seems that the nonhuman primate model is uniquely qualified for this role,given its close resemblance to *** review considers some regenerative therapies for central nervous system repair that hold promise for future clinical *** addition,it attempts to uncover some of the main reasons why clinical translation might fail without the implementation of nonhuman primate models in the research pipeline.

关键词： animal models central nervous system regeneration clinical translation exosomes hydrogels neural tissue engineering nonhuman primates spinal cord injury stem cells stroke

Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates

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Zoological Research 2019年第6期40卷 532-540页

作者： Mei-Ling Zhang Ming-Li Li Adeola Oluwakemi Ayoola Robert W. Murphy Dong-Dong Wu Yong Shao Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and PreventionKunming Yunnan 650022China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumToronto M5S 2C6Canada Kunming College of Life Science University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China

Elucidating the closest living relatives of extant primates is essential for fully understanding important biological processes related to the genomic and phenotypic evolution of primates, especially of humans. However, the phylogenetic placement of these primate relatives remains controversial, with three primary hypotheses currently espoused based on morphological and molecular evidence. In the present study, we used two algorithms to analyze differently partitioned genomic datasets consisting of 45.4 Mb of conserved non-coding elements and 393 kb of concatenated coding sequences to test these hypotheses. We assessed different genomic histories and compared with other molecular studies found solid support for colugos being the closest living relatives of primates. Our phylogeny showed Cercopithecinae to have low levels of nucleotide divergence, especially for Papionini, and gibbons to have a high rate of divergence. The MCMCtree comprehensively updated divergence dates of early evolution of Primatomorpha and primates.

关键词： Phylogeny Colugos primates Conserved non-coding elements Divergence time

Global view on virus infection in non-human primates and implications for public health and wildlife conservation

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 626-632页

作者： Zhi-Jin Liu Xue-Kun Qian Min-Heng Hong Jia-Li Zhang Da-Yong Li Tian-Han Wang Zuo-Min Yang Li-Ye Zhang Zi-Ming Wang Hua-Jian NieKe-Yue Fan Xiong-Fei Zhang Meng-Meng Chen Wei-Lai Sha Christian Roos Ming Li College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China College of Life Sciences Hebei UniversityBaodingHebei 071002China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637009China College of Life Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufuShandong 273100China Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Gene Bank of primates German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans(and vice versa)and across animal *** such,host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable ***-human primates(NHPs),our closest evolutionary relatives,are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circulate between humans and ***,we generated global statistics on virus infections in NHPs(VI-NHPs)based on a literature search and public data *** total,140 NHP species from 12 families are reported to be infected by 186 DNA and RNA virus species,68.8%of which are also found in humans,indicating high potential for crossing species boundaries.

关键词： species. primates attention

Louis Pierre Gratiolet (1815-1865) and His Contribution to the Study of Cerebral Convolutions in primates

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2014年第1期5卷 1-8页

作者： André Parent Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences Faculté de Médecine Université Laval Québec City Canada

Louis Pierre Gratiolet (1815-1865) was one of the first modern anatomists to pay attention to cerebral convolutions. Born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande (Gironde), he moved to Paris in 1834 to study medicine, as well as comparative anatomy under Henri de Blainville (1777-1850). In 1842, he accepted de Blainville’s offer to become his assistant at the Muséum d’histoire naturelle and progressively abandoned medicine for comparative anatomy. He undertook a detailed study of brains of human and nonhuman primates and soon realized that the organizational pattern of cerebral convolutions was so predictable that it could serve as a criterion to classify primate groups. He noted that only the deepest sulci exist in lower primate forms, while the complexity of cortical folding increases markedly in great apes and humans. Gratiolet provided the first cogent description of the lobular organization of primate cerebral hemispheres. He saw the insula as a central lobe around which revolved the frontal, parietal, temporal (temporo-sphenoidal) and occipital lobes. He correctly identified most gyri and sulci on all brain surfaces, introduced the term “plis de passage” for some interconnecting gyri, and provided the first description of the optic radiations. In the early 1860s, Gratiolet fought a highly publicized battle against Paul Broca (1824-1880) on the relationship between brain and intelligence. Gratiolet agreed that the brain was most likely the seat of intelligence, but he considered human cognition far too subtle to have any direct relationship with brain size. He argued that a detailed study of the human brain architecture would be more profitable than Broca’s vain speculations on the relationship between brain weight and intelligence, which he considered a monolithic entity. Despite remarkable scientific achievements and a unique teaching capacity, Gratiolet was unable to secure any academic position until three years before his sudden death in Paris at age 49.

关键词： Humans primates Cerebral Hemispheres Cerebral Convolutions Cerebral Cortex Neuroscience History

Xenotransplantation of embryonic pig pancreas for treatment of diabetes mellitus in non-human primates

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第5期6卷 6-11页

作者： Marc R. Hammerman George M. O’Brien Center Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis USA

Transplantation therapy for diabetes in humans is limited by the low availability of human donor whole pancreas or islets. Outcomes are complicated by immunosuppressive drug toxicity. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce transplant immunogenicity. Pig insulin is biologically active in humans. In that regard the pig is an appropriate xenogeneic organ donor. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following pancreatic primordium formation [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long-term in rhesus macaques. Endocrine cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas transplanted in host mesentery migrate to mesenteric lymph nodes, engraft, differentiate and improve glucose tolerance in rhesus macaques without the need for immune suppression. Transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas is a novel approach towards beta cell replacement therapy that could be applicable to humans.

关键词： Beta Cell Diabetes Mellitus Non-Human primates Transplantation Xenotransplantation

Habitat Suitability Modeling of Endangered primates in Nigeria: Integrating Satellite Remote Sensing and Spatial Modeling Techniques

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第8期3卷 23-38页

作者： Alex O. Onojeghuo Alan G. Blackburn Francis Okeke Ajoke R. Onojeghuo Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Wildlife Conservation Society Calabar Nigeria Centre for Landscape and Climate Research University of Leicester Leicester UK

This paper investigates the impacts of forest cover and spatial structure changes on the forest landscape across Afi-Mbe-Okwangwo protected area of Cross River State, Nigeria and its corresponding implication on two endangered primates (Cross River Gorilla and Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee) habitat using satellite remote sensing and modeling techniques. Using remote sensing change detection analysis, the spatial extent and annual rate of deforestation for the study area was determined as 34,620 hectares and 1.5% respectively (from 2000 to 2014). The protected areas with highest annual deforestation rates were Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary (2.6%) and Mbe Mountains (2.2%), both prominent for gorilla and chimpanzee sightings and nests. Further investigations on changes to the forest landscape structure revealed high levels of forest fragmentation across the study area for the 14-year period investigated. As a means of further understanding effects of forest landscapes changes across the study area, a 14-year forward simulation was performed using the Markov model as to determine the spatial extent of futuristic forest cover changes. The results showed that if this current trend of forest cover change continued, 28,121 hectares of forests would be lost to deforestation in 2028 (approximately 16% of the total landmass of the entire study area). Using Maxent modeling, suitable primate habitats were predicted and the total coverage determined as 30,940 hectares (54.4% situated in CRNP—Okwangwo division, 29.4% in AMWS, 14.3% in Mbe Mountains and 1.9% in ARFR). Further analysis revealed 6468 hectares of predicted primate habitat were affected by deforestation in 2014 (21% of the predicted primate habitats). These results indicate that suitable primate habitats (particularly for gorillas and chimpanzees) are under immense pressure from deforestation and forest fragmentation. This paper presents a cost effective and time saving approach for determining suitable primate habitat

关键词： Maxent Remote Sensing primates GIS Deforestation Markov FRAGSTATS

CONSERVATION STATUS OF NONHUMAN primates OF NORTHEAST INDIA

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CONSERVATION STATUS OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES OF NORTHEAST INDIA

Preliminary analysis of the mitochondrial genome evolutionary pattern in primates

The Xixth Congress The International Primatological Society

作者： ArunSrivastava Primate Conservation Project Primate Heritage P.O. Box-40 Bikaner-334 001 India

＜正＞ The northeastern region of India also referred as "biogeographical gateway" is important ecologically because it represents the "transition zone" between Indian, Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese biogeo-graphical regions. Sandwiched between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal, this narrow strip or land serves as a corridor connecting the people, fauna and flora of the Indian subcontinent to tropical

关键词： Conservation Endangered species Habitat loss Hunting primates Protected area

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Zoological Research 2012年第4期33卷 47-56页

作者： Liang ZHAO Xingtao ZHANG Xingkui TAO Weiwei WANG Ming LI Faculty of Biology Suzhou UniversitySuzhou Anhui 234000China Institute of Zoology the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Since the birth of molecular evolutionary analysis,primates have been a central focus of study and mitochondrial DNA is well suited to these endeavors because of its unique ***,to date no comprehensive evaluation of the nucleotide substitution patterns has been conducted on the mitochondrial genome of ***,we analyzed the evolutionary patterns and evaluated selection and recombination in the mitochondrial genomes of 44 primates species downloaded from *** results revealed that a strong rate heterogeneity occurred among sites and genes in all ***,an obvious decline in primate nucleotide diversity was noted in the subunit rRNAs and tRNAs as compared to the protein-coding *** 13 protein-coding genes,the pattern of nonsynonymous divergence was similar to that of overall nucleotide divergence,while synonymous changes differed only for individual genes,indicating that the rate heterogeneity may result from the rate of change at nonsynonymous *** usage analysis revealed that there was intermediate codon usage bias in primate protein-coding genes,and supported the idea that GC mutation pressure might determine codon usage and that positive selection is not the driving force for the codon usage *** tests using site-specific positive selection from a Bayesian framework indicated no sites were under positive selection for any gene,consistent with near *** tests based on the pairwise homoplasy test statistic supported complete linkage even for much older divergent primate ***,with the exception of rate heterogeneity among mitochondrial genes,evaluating the validity assumed complete linkage and selective neutrality in primates prior to phylogenetic or phylogeographic analysis seems unnecessary.

关键词： Mitochondrial genome Evolutionary pattern Codon usage bias Complete linkage Evolution neutrality primates