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Geographic patterns of genetic diversity and fertility restoration ability of Asian and African origin pearl millet populations

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 468-477页

作者： K.Sudarshan Patil Shashi Kumar Gupta International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) PatancheruHyderabad 502324TelanganaIndia Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University(PJTSAU) RajendranagarHyderabad 500030TelanganaIndia

A set of 45 diverse Asian and African origin/bred populations of pearl millet were investigated multi-locationally for morphological traits including grain yield and assessed for their fertility restoration ability on three cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) systems in two contrasting seasons. Significant genetic variation was found for all the yield linked traits. Multivariate analysis for grain yield and its component traits grouped these populations into five clusters. Most of the Asian origin populations grouped into single cluster(Cluster III) and separated from the rest of the African origin populations indicating the presence of correspondence between clustering pattern and geographical origin of the populations. Clusters dominated with Asian populations(As-As) had linkages with early flowering, short plant height, more number of tillers, small and thin panicles, small seeded and low grain yield compared to the clusters dominated by African populations(Af-Af) or African origin and Asian bred(Af-As) *** related populations having common parentage were found grouped in same *** restoration/maintainer frequency of 45 populations on three diverse CMS systems revealed that overall fertility restoration frequency was highest for A1(86%) followed by A4(37%) and for A5(7%) CMS system. Five populations were identified as potential sources for developing maintainer lines for all three CMS systems and eight populations were identified specifically for A;and A;CMS systems. A set of 11 and four populations were identified for restorer line development exclusively for A;and A;CMS system,respectively. Six populations were identified for the development of dual restorers for both A;and A;CMS system.

关键词： CMS systems Fertility restoration Morphological diversity Pearl millet populations

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Habitat use in eight populations of Sceloporus grammicus(Squamata:Phrynosomatidae)from the Mexican Plateau

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第3期12卷 198-210页

作者： Adrian LEYTE-MANRIQUE Uriel HERNÁNDEZ-SALINAS Aurelio RAMÍREZ-BAUTISTA Vicente MATA-SILVA Jonathon C.MARSHALL Laboratorio de Biología Instituto Tecnológico Superior de SalvatierraSalvatierraGuanajuatoMexico Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad DurangoSigma 119Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre IIDurangoDurango 34220México Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones Centro de Investigaciones BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de HidalgoKm 4.5 carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo42184Mineral de la ReformaHidalgoMexico Department of Biological Sciences The University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA Department of Zoology Weber State University1415 Edvalson StreetOgdenUtahUSA

Studies on habitat use have often helped explain observed variation in morphology,behavior and reproductive characteristics among populations within a single *** we analyze morphological and ecological characteristics of individuals from the Sceloporus grammicus species complex from 7 different localities(CER,El Cerezo;PAC,Pachuca;HUI,Huichapan;EZA,Emiliano Zapata;SMR,San Miguel Regla;LMJ,La Mojonera;and LMZ,La Manzana)in the state of Hidalgo,and one locality(Cahuacán)in the State of Mexico.A canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)showed that females from PAC,EZA,LMZ,HUI,SMR and CAH populations use similar microhabitats characterized mostly by bare soil,in females from LMJ and CER use microhabitats characterized primarily by vegetation and *** were observed using 12 different types of *** regard to perch height use,the CCA showed that females from PAC,LMJ,LMZ,SMR,CER and CAH populations were correlated with height to nearest perch(HNP),in the rest of the females were not related to any perch use *** contrast,the CCA showed that males from PAC,LMJ and CAH were characterized by microhabitats with higher vegetal coverage,while males from LMZ and CER used microhabitats composed of bare soil,but males from HUI and SMR populations used microhabitats composed chiefly of bare soil and *** respect to perch height use,the CCA showed that males from PAC,LMJ,EZA and LMZ were correlated with distance to the nearest perch,but the rest of the males were not correlated with any perch use *** were observed in 9 different perch *** males were larger than the females in all morphological variables ***,in both sexes the snout-vent length is positively correlated with all morphological variables,and although both the slope and ordinate of the origin of all morphological variables were larger in males than females,the analysis of covariance indicated that there is no increase in the morphological variables with inc

关键词： canonical correspondence analyses habitat use morphology populations Sceloporus grammicus

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QTL IciMapping:Integrated software for genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 269-283页

作者： Lei Meng Huihui Li Luyan Zhang Jiankang Wang The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science and CIMMYT China OfficeChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

QTL Ici Mapping is freely available public software capable of building high-density linkage maps and mapping quantitative trait loci(QTL) in biparental populations. Eight functionalities are integrated in this software package:(1) BIN: binning of redundant markers;(2) MAP: construction of linkage maps in biparental populations;(3) CMP: consensus map construction from multiple linkage maps sharing common markers;(4) SDL: mapping of segregation distortion loci;(5) BIP: mapping of additive, dominant, and digenic epistasis genes;(6) MET: QTL-by-environment interaction analysis;(7) CSL: mapping of additive and digenic epistasis genes with chromosome segment substitution lines; and(8) NAM: QTL mapping in NAM populations. Input files can be arranged in plain text, MS Excel 2003, or MS Excel 2007 formats. Output files have the same prefix name as the input but with different extensions. As examples, there are two output files in BIN, one for summarizing the identified bin groups and deleted markers in each bin, and the other for using the MAP functionality. Eight output files are generated by MAP, including summary of the completed linkage maps, Mendelian ratio test of individual markers, estimates of recombination frequencies, LOD scores, and genetic distances, and the input files for using the BIP, SDL,and MET functionalities. More than 30 output files are generated by BIP, including results at all scanning positions, identified QTL, permutation tests, and detection powers for up to six mapping methods. Three supplementary tools have also been developed to display completed genetic linkage maps, to estimate recombination frequency between two loci,and to perform analysis of variance for multi-environmental trials.

关键词： Biparental populations Map construction QTL mapping Software

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Variation in seed morphometric characters, oil content and azadirachtin content of seeds, in vitro shoot cultures and callus cultures among different populations of Azadirachta indica

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 121-127页

作者： Fatima Shirin Anamika Rai Neelu Singh Genetics and Plant Propagation Division Tropical Forest Research Institute PO RFRC Non-Wood Forest Produce Division Tropical Forest Research Institute PO RFRC

We studied seed morphometric characters, oil content and azadirachtin content in a medicinally important and insect repellent tree species Azadirachta indica ***. Ten populations were selected from two central Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and twenty candidate plus trees were selected from each population based on tree attributes. Azadirachtin content was estimated in seeds, in vitro shoots and callus cultures through HPLC. Significant variation（p ／ 0.05） was observed in seed morphometric characters, oil content and azadirachtin content among the ten populations. Maximum value for 100 seed weight was obtained in seeds of Raigarh（30.51 g） which was on par with seeds of Bargi（28.37 g）and Chhatarpur（26.36 g）. The ratio of highest kernel to seed was also obtained in seeds of Raigarh（60.11%）.Kernels from Chhatarpur population recorded the highest oil content（24.20%）, which was equal to that in Sihore（23.75%） and Katni（21.75%）. We recorded highly significant variation in azadirachtin content in seed samples,in vitro shoot samples and callus cultures. Maximum azadirachtin was present in the seeds of Gwalior（0.882%）which was on par with azadirachtin content in seeds of Chhatarpur, Katni, Sihore, Shahdol and *** azadirachtin in the in vitro shoots was present in the cultures of Gwalior（0.218%） which was statistically on par with Sihore（0.176%）. Similarly, in callus cultures of nodal segments maximum azadirachtin was recorded in the Gwalior population（0.033%） which was statistically on par with Sihore（0.028%）. The trees of Gwalior and Sihore populations can be produced in large numbers through vegetative propagation to obtain seeds with higher azadirachtin content.

关键词： Azadirachtin In vitro Seed morphometric characters populations Variation

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Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 8-26页

作者： Jonathan A.Polonsky Sangeeta Bhatia Keith Fraser Arran Hamlet Janetta Skarp Isaac J.Stopard Stéphane Hugonnet Laurent Kaiser Christian Lengeler Karl Blanchet Paul Spiegel World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Center for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA

Background:Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease *** being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements,who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare,guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into *** therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal ***:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility,acceptability,and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal *** performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised *** analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories:date of publication;geographical region of intervention;typology of crisis,shelter,modes of transmission,NPI,research design;study design;and study ***:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed *** research used low quality study *** acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context *** general,simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water,sanitation and hygiene services,and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets,were both highly feasible and ***,financial,and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of *** engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of ***,measures that involve po

关键词： Disease outbreaks Communicable disease control Prevention & control Vulnerable populations Warfare and armed conflicts Disasters Relief work Poverty areas

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Storage time and condensed tannin content of high-moisture sorghum grains:Effects on in vitro fermentation and mold populations

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第1期6卷 92-97页

作者： Carmen García y Santos Lina Bettucci Sebastián Brambillasca Cecilia Cajarville Laboratorio de Toxicología Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad de la RepúblicaLasplaces 1550PC 11.600MontevideoUruguay Laboratorio de Micología Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de la RepúblicaJulio Herrera y Reissig 565PC 11.300MontevideoUruguay Instituto de Producción Animal Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad de la RepúblicaRuta 1km 42.200PC 80.100San JoseUruguay

Silage of high moisture sorghum grains is a highly relevant source of energy in cattle production systems in South *** is little information related to the chemical characteristics,the kinetics of fermentation and the toxic fungal populations of these *** aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time and condensed tannins content of the grain on chemical composition,in vitro fermentation parameters,and toxicogenic fungal populations of moist sorghum grain stored in *** of 2 varieties of sorghum grains(high-tannin[HT]and low-tannin[LT]),were obtained during the grain harvest before silage making and after 30,90,and 180 d of storage(n=16).High-tannin grains had higher acid detergent fiber,tannins,gas production(P<0.05)and lower starch and rate of gas production(P<0.01).Interaction variety x storage time were observed for all chemical parameters(P<0.01),except for neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed inclusive of residual ash(aNDF)and *** and protein content increased in both varieties,tannins decreased in HT and LT,and organic matter(OM)increased in HT and declined in LT(P<0.05).The rate of gas production increased with the storage time for HT and LT(P<0.01).A linear reduction in the Aspergillus number of colonies in the HT varieties was observed(P<0.01),whereas a linear increase in Penicillium isolation was detected in the LT sorghums(P<0.01).The storage time was beneficial in terms of decreasing the condensed tannins,increasing fractional rate of gas production and minimizing fungal contamination,particularly on HT grains.

关键词： Sorghum grains silages Condensed tannins Toxicogenic fungal populations Storage time

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Distribution of YAP in 10 populations of China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第12期43卷 1023-1025页

作者： Xu Liping Xu Jiujin Zhu Suling Bao Weidong Du Ruofu Chinese Acad Sci Inst Genet Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The Y_chromosome Alu polymorphism was studied in 10 populations in China. The Alu insertion is present in 54/571 individuals (9%). Among 10 populations, the frequency of YAP element is quite high (49%) in the Tibetans and at moderate or low levels (15%-4%) in the Yi, Hui and Uygur. The Alu insertion is absent in the Han in Guangdong and Shaanxi, and in the Manchu and Zhuang, while a single Tujia individual and a single Yao individual are found to have the Alu insertion.

关键词： Chinese populations Y chromosome Alu genetic polymorphism.

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Meta analysis of XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility of populations in East Asia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第6期7卷 483-487页

作者： Zhi-Song Xing Guang Zhu Yu-Lun Yang Guang-Qiang Feng Guang-Cheng Ding Department of Thoracic Surgery the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Deportment of Science and Education the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Department of Radiotherapy the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

Objective:To assess the relation between XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility of populations in East ***:Related studies of XRCC3 Thr24lMet polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility of populations in East Asia were collected through searching the Pubmed,Embase Library,*** and ***:According to the entry criteria,there were 8 case-control studies in the assessing system and there were 6 321study cases,including 3 215 patients with lung cancer and 3 106 cases without *** analysis results showed the combined OR value of the ratio of genotype Thr/Met+Met/Met and Thr/Thr was 1.03(95%CI:0.89-1.20)(P>0.05).Conclusions:XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism may not related to lung cancer susceptibility of populations in East *** 241Met did not increase the risk of lung cancer.

关键词： XRCC3 THr241 Met Meta analysis Lung cancer susceptibility populations in East Asia

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The public health benefits of Tai Ji Quan——Addressing the unmet needs of aging populations in the 21st century

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 304-307页

作者： Fuzhong Li Oregon Research Institute

*** With the increase in older populations worldwide1 comes an increased health burden related to chronic diseases.2–4One of the most disabling of these is knee osteoarthritis（OA）,which occurs in millions of older adults who subsequently live with joint pain and stiffness,leading to chronic disability and a diminished quality of life.5,6 Epidemiological evidence shows a higher prevalence of OA in older adults living in urban and

关键词： populations older disability burden comes millions benefits prevalence diminished exercises

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ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of the 34 populations of Oryza meyeriana Distributing in Yunnan Province,China

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Rice science 2008年第1期15卷 13-20页

作者： WAN Ya-tao A Xin-xiang FAN Chuan-zhang Xu Fu-rong YU Teng-qiong TANG Cui-feng DAI Lu-yuan Biology Department Pingdingshan Institute of Technology Pingdingshan 467044 China Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650223 China Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory ofAgricultural Biotechnology Kunming 650223 China

The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill. distributed in Yunnan Province, China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. A total of 168 bands were amplified, of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands （PPB） was 80.36%. A genetic diversity was revealed as Nei＇s gene diversity （H） = 0.2666 and Shannon information index （I） = 0.4028 at population level. The 34 populations were divided into different groups based on administrative regions, latitude and longitudes, river areas, altitudes of their origins, and their indexes such as Na （number of alleles）, Ne （effective number of alleles）, H, I and PPB were calculated. Richer genetic diversity was found in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture than that in Lingcang Prefecture or Xishuangbanna Prefecture whereas the least genetic diversity was in Baoshan Prefecture or Dehong Prefecture. Rich genetic diversity was also discovered in the wild rice populations originated from higher than 710 m altitude around the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean drainage system. The 34 populations could be classified into two groups, one group covered the wild rice distributing in Simao Prefecture only while the other group covered ones in Lingcang, Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefectures. The issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.

关键词： Oryza meyeriana populations genetic diversity inter-simple sequence repeat marker Yunnan Province

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