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Novel photoactive material and fabrication techniques for solar cells application: nanocellulose-based graphene oxide CdS composite

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 189-216页

作者： Shoyiga, Hassan Oriyomi Akpasi, Stephen Okiemute Akpan, Joseph Amune, Ubani Oluwaseun Kiambi, Sammy Lewis North West Univ Chem Dept Mafikeng South Africa North West Univ Fac Nat & Agr Sci Mat Sci Innovat & Modelling MaSIM Res Focus Area Mafikeng Campus Mmabatho South Africa Durban Univ Technol Chem Engn Dept Green Engn Res Grp Durban South Africa Durban Univ Technol Ind Engn Dept Durban South Africa Edo State Univ Chem Engn Dept Uzairue Nigeria Vaal Univ Technol Chem Engn Dept Vanderbijlpark South Africa

In recent times, solar energy has become one of the largest available sources of renewable energy at our disposal. However, the design of highly efficient solar cells is increasingly becoming crucial as there has been a surge for economically viable alternative energy sources with the lowest cost. Significant advances have been made through different routes to make photovoltaic (PV)/solar technologies economically viable, eco-friendly and consequently scalable. As a result, cellulose nanomaterials have become one of the emerging technologies in this regard because of the advantages of high-value bio-based nanostructured materials, such as their abundance and sustainability. Nanocellulose-based photoactive nanocomposite materials can be made by integrating conducting photoactive and electroconductive materials with hydrophilic biocompatible cellulose. Inorganic nanoparticles, such as graphene/reduced graphene oxide cadmium sulphide quantum dots, amongst others, can be introduced into the nanocellulose matrix and can be applied either as charge transporters or photoactive materials in different types of solar cells. Thus, in this review, we highlight the optoelectronic properties of different photoactive materials, particularly nanocellulose-based graphene nanocomposites; their efficiencies and drawbacks were X-rayed. The effect of doping each PV material on the PV performance is also discussed. It is anticipated that the novel material would result in a reduction in the cost of solar cells, jointly enhancing their efficacy in generating environmentally friendly electricity. Since the fabrication techniques and equipment play a crucial role in the development of solar cells, the fabrication techniques of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) cells containing a nanocellulose-based graphene composite and case studies of already fabricated BHJ PV cells with nanocellulose-based graphene composite are discussed. The optoelectronic properties of different photoactive materials, particu

关键词： nanocellulose-based composite bulk heterojunction graphene composite photoactive materials fabrication techniques solar energy power conversion efficiency INTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY polymer photovoltaic cells OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE ONE-POT SEMICONDUCTING polymerS CONJUGATED polymerS EXCITON DIFFUSION FACILE SYNTHESIS GREEN REDUCTION SMALL-MOLECULE

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