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Science Bulletin 2024年第7期69卷 978-987页

作者：吴礼彬王芃张强任红 Zongbo Shi 胡伟陈静谢巧蓉李林杰越思瑶韦莲芳宋琳琳张永根王子涵陈爽韦琬王小曼章炎麟孔少飞葛宝珠杨婷方运霆任露洁邓君俊孙业乐王自发张宏亮胡建林刘丛强 Roy M.Harrison Qi Ying 傅平青 Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institute Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Division of Environmental Health&Risk Management School of GeographyEarth&Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment ChangeNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Environmental Studies and Department of Environmental Science and TechnologySchool of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Zachr

Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human health.Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements.However,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing.Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted days.In contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean days.Combustion-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously overlooked.More effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.

关键词： Particulate ammonium Nitrogen isotope PM2.5 The Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) Control policy

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Exosome-encapsulated lncRNA HOTAIRM1 contributes to pm_(2.5)-aggravated COPD airway remodeling by enhancing myofibroblast differentiation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 970-985页

作者： Huaqi Guo Luo Fei Hengyi Yu Yan Li Yan Feng Shaowei Wu Yan Wang The Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011China School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200020China Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public HealthXi’an Jiao Tong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710049China

Emphysema,myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling can occur in the lungs due to exposure to atmospheric pollution,especially fine particulate matter(pm_(2.5)),leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Specifically,bronchial epithelium-fibroblast communication participates in airway remodeling,which results in COPD.An increasing number of studies are now being conducted on the role of exosome-mediated cell-cell communication in disease pathogenesis.Here,we investigated whether exosomes generated from bronchial epithelial cells could deliver information to normal stromal fibroblasts and provoke cellular responses,resulting in airway obstruction in COPD.We studied the mechanism of exosome-mediated intercellular communication between human bronchial epithelial(HBE) cells and primary lung fibroblasts(pLFs).We found that pm_(2.5)-induced HBE-derived exosomes promoted myofibroblast differentiation in pLFs.Then,the exosomal lncRNA expression profiles derived from pm_(2.5)-treated HBE cells and nontreated HBE cells were investigated using an Agilent Human LncRNA Array.Combining coculture assays and direct exosome treatment,we found that HBE cell-derived exosomal HOTAIRM1 facilitated the myofibroblast differentiation of pLFs.Surprisingly,we discovered that exosomal HOTAIRM1 enhanced p LF proliferation to secrete excessive collagen secretion,leading to airway obstruction by stimulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway.Significantly,pm_(2.5)reduced FEV1/FVC and FEV1 and increased the level of serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 in healthy people;moreover,serum exosomal HOTAIRM1 was associated with pm_(2.5)-related reductions in FEV1/FVC and FVC.These findings show that pm_(2.5)triggers alterations in exosome components and clarify that one of the paracrine mediators of myofibroblast differentiation is bronchial epithelial cell-derived HOTAIRM1,which has the potential to be an effective prevention and therapeutic target for pm_(2.5)-induced COPD.

关键词： PM2.5 exosomal lncRNAs HOTAIRM1 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Underestimated benefits of NOx control in reducing SNA and O_(3)based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 57-67页

作者： Shuping Zhang Haotian Zheng Jun Liu Yao Shi Tianzeng Chen Chaoyang Xue Fenfen Zhang Yueqi Jiang Xiangping Zhang Shovan Kumar Sahu Biwu Chu Jia Xing State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology Beijing 100028China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003China Centre for Climate Research Singapore Meteorological Service SingaporeSingapore 537054Singapore

Substantial NOx emission mitigation is crucial for the synergistic reduction of particulate matter and ozone(O_(3))pollution in China.The traditional air quality model does not consider heterogeneous HONO chemistry,leading to uncertainties in estimating the benefits of NOx control.Previous studies have shown that the parameterization of heterogeneous HONO formation increases both the simulated value of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium(SNA)and that of O_(3),thus adding the heterogeneous reactions of HONO into air quality models inevitably leads to changes in the estimated benefits of NOx abatement.Here we investigated the changes in SNA and O_(3)concentrations from NOx emission reduction before and after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions in the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ)model.Including heterogeneous HONO reactions in the simulation improved the benefits of NOx reduction in terms of SNA control in winter.With 80%NOx reduction,the reduction in SNA increased from 36.9%without considering heterogeneous HONO reactions to 42.8%with heterogeneous HONO chemistry.The reduction in the maximum daily 8h average(MDA8)O_(3)in summer caused by NOx reduction increased slightly from 4.7%to 5.2%after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions.The results in this study highlight the enhanced effectiveness of NOx controls for the reduction of SNA and O_(3)after considering heterogeneous HONO formation in a complex chemical ambient,demonstrating the importance of NOx controls in reducing PM2.5 and O_(3)pollution in China.

关键词： Heterogeneous HONO NOx reduction PM2.5 O_(3)

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Indoor distribution and personal exposure of cooking-generated PM2.5 in rural residences of China:A multizone model study

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第8期16卷 1299-1315页

作者： Shanshan Shi Junling Yang Yushu Liang School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province 210093China

The fine particulate matter(PM2.5)emitted during cooking is a significant contributor to household air pollution in rural China,resulting in millions of premature deaths annually.Since cooking is an internal pollution source,the indoor concentration of cooking-generated PM2.5 can vary among different rooms in multizone rural residences.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of indoor PM2.5 from cooking in rural residences by utilizing on-site investigations to gather information on cooking behavior and dwelling layout in three Chinese villages,and subsequently simulating indoor spatiotemporal concentrations of cooking-generated PM2.5 using a multizone model.Our findings indicate that the type of zone significantly influences the zonal concentration of PM2.5,with the highest concentrations found in kitchens(i.e.,13.9 to 188.0μg/m3)and lowest in non-adjacent zones to the kitchen(i.e.,0.01 to 7.5μg/m3)among all the modeled conditions.More importantly,the study also assesses the resulting personal exposures for occupants with different time-spent patterns,revealing that the main cook at home and preferring to stay in the adjacent rooms to the kitchen are at the highest risk for personal exposure.The highest personal exposure levels of cooking-generated PM2.5 are 28.5±30.1μg/m3,which is 34 times that of occupants who stay away from the kitchen.The study provides a deeper scientific insight into the indoor spatial distribution and personal exposure to cooking-generated PM2.5 in rural residences,which is crucial for developing effective interventions to mitigate the detrimental health impacts of household air pollution in rural areas.

关键词： cooking PM2.5 rural residence multizonemodel personal exposure

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基于深度学习的城市PM2.5浓度时空分布预测及不确定性评估

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测绘学报 2024年第4期53卷 750-760页

作者：刘慧敏张陈为谌恺祺邓敏彭翀中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院地理信息系湖南长沙410083

城市PM2.5浓度的时空分布预测旨在基于有限观测样本实现研究区域内PM2.5分布的全范围感知。理想的预测模型需同时保证结果的高精度与高可靠性。然而,现有研究大多以提升精度为唯一目的,忽视了由于数据质量与模型结构的各异所导致预测结... 详细信息

城市PM2.5浓度的时空分布预测旨在基于有限观测样本实现研究区域内PM2.5分布的全范围感知。理想的预测模型需同时保证结果的高精度与高可靠性。然而,现有研究大多以提升精度为唯一目的,忽视了由于数据质量与模型结构的各异所导致预测结果的不确定性,这极大限制了高精度预测结果的可靠性与可用潜力,从而难以有效辅助空气污染治理等实际应用。为此,本文提出一种耦合不确定性评估的PM2.5浓度时空分布预测模型。通过构建以图卷积和循环网络为主的预测模块,实现PM2.5浓度的高精度预测;同时,基于对抗学习策略与变分自编码思想构建不确定性量化模块,同步揭示预测结果的不确定性水平。深圳市实际数据实证表明,本文方法能有效兼顾PM2.5浓度预测结果的精度与可靠性,能为包括监测站点布局选址在内的环境治理工作提供科学决策支持。

关键词： PM2.5 深度学习不确定性地理预测

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PFAS in pms might be the escalating hazard to the lung health

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Nano Research 2023年第12期16卷 13113-13133页

作者： Yue Pan Jie Mei Jipeng Jiang Ke Xu Xinglong Gao Shasha Jiang Ying Liu Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Thoracic Surgery the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Atmospheric particulate matter(pm)is a dominant source of air pollution,in particular,molecules less than 2.5μm in diameter,endangering human health.An estimated 2.1 million deaths from exposure to PM2.5 and 700,000 cases of respiratory disease caused by atmospheric pollution were reported on an annual basis.The main components of PM2.5 include heavy metal elements,water-soluble ions,carbon aerosols,ozone,and organic compounds.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are a large group of representative pollutants among the organic compounds absorbed in PM2.5.PFASs are widely used in industrial production and hardly degraded in the environment,resulting in their accumulation in water,food,and air,and abosorbed by humans via ingestion and inhalation.On the other hand,accumulation of PFAS in the human body is proving to be associated with some unfavorable health outcomes,whereas the mechanisms underlying the effects of PFAS exposure on human lung diseases remain unclear at present.The toxicological effects of organic components are a significant focus of research.This review will fix our attention on the changes in the distribution,composition,and content of PFAS in PM2.5 by location and year,and provide an overview on the influence of PM2.5 and PFAS on lung health,with indications of possible synergistic adverse effects of PM2.5 and PFAS on pulmonary homeostasis.

关键词： PM2.5 per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFASs) lung pulmonary homeostasis environment pollution

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基于MEMD和空间层次聚类的PM2.5三角模糊序列多因子组合预测

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控制与决策 2023年第2期38卷 537-545页

作者：刘金培陈丽娟汪漂陈华友安徽大学商学院合肥230601 安徽大学经济学院合肥230601 安徽大学数学科学学院合肥230601

日间PM2.5浓度受本地和邻近地区的多重因素影响,具有高度不确定性和不稳定性.常见的PM2.5实值序列和区间序列分别反映其日均和极值波动状况,三角模糊序列将两者优点相结合可包含更多的有效信息.基于此,提出基于多元经验模态分解(multipl... 详细信息

日间PM2.5浓度受本地和邻近地区的多重因素影响,具有高度不确定性和不稳定性.常见的PM2.5实值序列和区间序列分别反映其日均和极值波动状况,三角模糊序列将两者优点相结合可包含更多的有效信息.基于此,提出基于多元经验模态分解(multiple empirical mode decomposition, MEMD)和空间层次聚类的PM2.5三角模糊序列多因子组合预测模型.首先,运用皮尔曼相关系数分析PM2.5与本地污染物浓度、气象要素间的关联度,选取本地影响因子;其次,计算PM2.5与空间污染物浓度间的关联度,并据此对邻近城市K-means空间聚类得到核心影响、一般影响和偏远影响城市群,并统计各城市群不同污染物的综合指数,即空间影响因子;进而,利用MEMD对PM2.5和影响因子的三角模糊序列同时进行分解,重构得到高频、低频以及趋势序列;最后,运用BP神经网络、长短记忆神经网络(long short-term memory, LSTM)、最小二乘支持向量回归(least squares support vector regression,LSSVR)分别对子序列进行多输入单输出的预测,并将上述单项预测结果相加,即得到PM2.5三角模糊序列的预测值.仿真实验结果表明,所提出的模型能够充分考虑气象条件和多种污染物的空间影响,具有较强的预测精度和良好的实用性.

关键词： PM2.5 三角模糊序列预测空间聚类多元经验模态分解长短记忆神经网络

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熊果酸对变应性鼻炎PM2.5暴露后氧化应激和炎性因子的影响

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中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2022年第7期57卷 860-867页

作者：孙娜章如新王虹黄昱韩之瑾鲍靖段玉森董维阳邓丛蕊庄国顺复旦大学附属华东医院耳鼻咽喉科上海200040 上海市环境监测中心上海200232 复旦大学环境科学与工程系上海200433

目的探讨熊果酸(ursolic acid,UA)对变应性鼻炎(AR)细颗粒物(particulate matter,PM2.5)吸入暴露后氧化应激和多种炎性因子的影响。方法将60只健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别为正常对照组(NC组)、PM2.5未暴露AR组(AR组)、PM2.5暴露AR组... 详细信息

目的探讨熊果酸(ursolic acid,UA)对变应性鼻炎(AR)细颗粒物(particulate matter,PM2.5)吸入暴露后氧化应激和多种炎性因子的影响。方法将60只健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别为正常对照组(NC组)、PM2.5未暴露AR组(AR组)、PM2.5暴露AR组(ARE组)、UA干预AR组(AR+UA组)和UA干预PM2.5暴露AR组(ARE+UA组),每组12只。采用卵清蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射基础致敏和滴鼻激发进行AR造模。采用吸入性暴露系统进行PM2.5吸入暴露,浓度为200μg/m3,3 h/d,连续30 d。对UA干预组采用UA灌胃,浓度为20 mg/(kg·d)。观察各组大鼠的AR症状及鼻黏膜的病理学改变。检测鼻黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性及丙二醛的水平变化。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组血清OVA特异性免疫球蛋白E(OVA-sIgE)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-17的水平变化。蛋白芯片技术检测鼻黏膜多种炎性因子水平。采用SPSS 20.0软件,以单因素方差分析进行统计学分析。结果在UA干预后,ARE+UA组较ARE组大鼠的AR症状减轻,鼻黏膜固有层炎性细胞浸润减少,上皮层病理损伤减轻。ARE+UA组鼻黏膜SOD活性较ARE组升高[(50.10±3.09)U/mg比(20.13±1.30)U/mg,F=597.54,PPM2.5吸入暴露诱发和加重的AR病理损伤起到保护作用。

关键词：变应性鼻炎 PM2.5 熊果酸氧化应激炎性因子

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Impact of the Return Flow on Heavy Pollution in Winter over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2023年第3期37卷 370-386页

作者： Mei MEI Yihui DING Zunya WANG Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Laboratory for Climate Studies/CMA–NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies National Climate CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

In North China,the return flow(RF)refers to the airflow at the rear of an inshore high pressure,bringing southerly wind to the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region when the high pressure pushes deeper from coast into the mainland.Many studies have pointed out the significant contribution of southerly anomalies to the transport and accumulation of pollutants in the BTH region.However,the relationship between RF and heavy pollution episodes(HPEs)in the BTH region requires more in-depth analysis,and this study will focus on this topic.By objectively identifying RFs and HPEs based on the ERA5 reanalysis data and observed hourly pm_(2.5)concentration data during 9 winters of 2012–2020,it is found that almost two-thirds of the HPEs in the BTH region coincide with the occurrence of RFs.The northward transport of warm and humid air is stronger in the HPEs under RF conditions,whereas the sinking motion and the decrease in boundary layer height dominate the HPEs without any RF.We then classify the RFs into north and south types by a demarcation line of 32°N.Both types of RFs are featured with a zonal circulation pattern,stable atmosphere,and southerly airflow favoring the development of HPEs,but the south type RFs bring warmer and wetter air masses to the BTH region,forming a more stable and thicker inversion layer and causing more severe HPEs.With occurrences of the RF,low-level winds are observed to accelerate,and the ageostrophic wind components contribute mainly to this acceleration.During the presence of RFs,the kinetic energy generation at the high level decreases,and the weakened downward transport results in weak low-level northerly winds,weak turbulence,and a shallow boundary layer,thus hindering the diffusion of atmospheric pollutants in the BTH region.

关键词： the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region return flow heavy pollution episode PM2.5

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New WHO global air quality guidelines help prevent premature deaths in China

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National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 10-12页

作者： Tao Xue Guannan Geng Xia Meng Qingyang Xiao Yixuan Zheng Jicheng Gong Jun Liu Wei Wan Qiang Zhang Haidong Kan Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Educationand Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Clean Air Asia Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua University

The air quality guidelines (AQGs) issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 are key references for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) in China.On 22September 2021,the WHO issued new AQGs (NAQGs)[1],which propose more stringent targets to control exposure to multiple air pollutants,including fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3),to which,in 2019,451 million premature deaths,globally,were attributable [2].

关键词： OZONE EXPOSURE POLLUTION HEALTH PM2.5 ASSOCIATIONS MORTALITY

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