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Corrosion and Scaling Threat in Upstream Oil Operation

World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 426-437页

作者： Nasir Ullattumpoyil Talal M. Al-Ghamdi Nasser R. Al-Hajri Southern Area Technical Support Department Saudi Aramco Dhahran KSA

Corrosiveness or scaling is an inherent threat to oil operations. The primary cause for this threat is the presence of water having complex geochemical matrix. Unanticipated water production, particularly if it contains unwanted impurities, can significantly impact hydrocarbon production. The current paper discusses the degree of threat posed to oil operation facilities based on the water characteristics. Methodology involved the collection and analysis of water samples from major sources in oil industry such as groundwater, wellheads and seawater. The parameters tested include geochemical, microbiological and pollutants. The lab data was used to develop scaling and corrosion prediction indices such as Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) and Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI). The study indicated varying water chemistry for different sources. Mixing of those waters may lead to ionic saturation and scaling in different facilities. Presence of the SRB and GAB in some water sources also posed threat to water system by forming fouling and corrosion. Seawater used for offshore oilfields water injection to maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery showed scaling tendency, whereas under different reservoir pressure, it can cause corrosion. Some of the samples also had corrosion residuals such as iron, which indicated active corrosion. Current study showed higher alkalinity with high sulfate for one groundwater sample with presence of active corrosion residuals such as dissolved iron and manganese. The study showed positive value for LSI which indicated supersaturation of the water samples with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and scale forming. Similarly, for RSI and PSI, the value was below six which confirmed the scaling potential for all the samples. Even though the index value was pointing towards scaling potential, the geochemistry, microbiology and presence of other impurities indicated corrosion threat to the oil and gas industrial facilities. The study concluded th

关键词： Formation Water petroleum reservoirs Groundwater Saturation Indices Corrosiveness

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Structural Investigation for Locating petroleum reservoirs Using Geoinformatics in Meyal, Potwar Region, Pakistan

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第11期7卷 1345-1355页

作者： Zohaib Fayyaz Dr. Javed Iqbal Ahsan Mehboob Muhammad Affan Sabir Abdul Jabbar Institute of Geographical Information System School of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan NUST Institute of Civil Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan

Reflection Seismology technique (Seismic Survey) is widely used around the world to produce a detailed analogue image of subsurface geological structures. This information is used by petroleum experts to accurately plan the location of oil wells. Seismic survey sections and corresponding well logs exhibit different variables like acoustic impedance of rock, seismic velocity, rock density, porosity, time and depth that can be manipulated in GIS to infer a subsurface model for stratigraphic as well as structural interpretations. In recent years, GIS has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for subsurface mapping and analysis. petroleum exploration is a map intensive process that requires the powerful capabilities of GIS. Purpose of this research is integration of Geographical Information System with Seismic Surveys for Structural and Stratigraphic Interpretation of subsurface Geology and locating petroleum Prospects. In this research work, GIS has been used to investigate subsurface geological structures and stratigraphy to carefully analyze the capabilities of GIS for finding new petroleum prospects in active thrust belt of Meyal, Potwar region, Pakistan. Acquisition of two-dip and three-strike seismic lines is along with well log data, followed by spatial seismic data processing, development of geophysical data management interface, interpolation of shot point data, trend surface analysis and Geostatistical analysis using GIS. Subsurface zones of high, low or null probability of petroleum accumulation were then, mapped. Finally, GIS based maps were developed. Geospatial tomography GIS model inferred that study area is structurally deformed and exhibits excessive geological faults, and structural traps. With GIS-tomography interpretation of section 97-MYL-08, a potential oil bearing zone (popup anticline), bounded by two thrust faults was observed at almost 3.6 Km depth in Meyal area with average density of about 2.6 gm/cm3. Thrust fault recognized from sharp discontinuity in GIS based survey raster wa

关键词： Seismic Survey Geographical Information System (GIS) petroleum reservoirs

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Produced Water Geochemistry from an Upstream Oil Operation

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第6期11卷 155-168页

作者： Nasir Ullattumpoyil Southern Area Technical Support Department Saudi Aramco Dhahran KSA

Oil and gas industries generate a significant amount of water during the production. The composition of this water varies with the geologic age, depth, and geochemistry of the region along with the chemicals added during the process. Geochemistry of formation water is used for aquifer identification, pollution problems, water compatibility studies, corrosion monitoring, water-quality control, water flooding, exploration, and to diagnose wellbore integrity issues. The current study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of produced water geochemistry from one of the largest conventional oil field, Ghawar field, Saudi Arabia. Produced water from different wellheads were collected and analyzed for different geochemical characteristics. Sixteen wells from ABQQ, nineteen wells from ANDR and twenty wells from SDGM area were selected for the current study. Sampling and analysis were performed as per the standard procedures. Results indicated that the pH of the sample varied from 6.0 to 7.4, and Electrical conductivity from 94200 to 102690 μS/cm. The spatial variation of major cations and anions were also recorded and represented by graphical plots. Metal analysis indicated the highest concentration for boron, which is 20.5 mg/L at ABQQ area, whereas all other metals are very low in concentration. Temporal variation of a single well at SDGM area indicated drastic change in the ionic concentration, whereas the geochemistry remains same as indicated by Tickler plot. The water type of the respective area was studied by tickler plots, which indicated same source of formation water in different wells at ABQQ, ANDR and SDGM areas. The ionic concentration is also used to predict corrosion and scaling issues. By Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), the sample from all the wells showed higher scaling potential. The study concludes that the water type in different areas under Ghawar field remains same regardless of drastic changes in the ionic concentration, which can be used to diagnose well

关键词： Formation Water petroleum reservoirs Groundwater Ghawar Field Tickler Plot

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Application of NMR on Quantificational Characterization of Tight Glutenite reservoirs Pore Size

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 390-392页

作者： GUO Siqi LU Shuangfang XIAO Dianshi ZHANG Luchuan GU Meiwei China University of petroleum(East China)

Quantificational characterization of the microscopic pore structure is the key to evaluating tight reservoirs. Since tight reservoirs mainly develop nano-pores which are difficult to fully characterize pore throats＇ distribution by single conventional experimental method, there＇s an urgent need to establish a characterization method by jointing several conventional experimental methods.

关键词： NUCLEAR magnetic resonance petroleum reservoirs petroleum prospecting PORE size distribution petroleum geology

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Study on the Fracturing Parameters and Productivity of Horizontal Wells

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 321-323页

作者： TANG Mingming LU Shuangfang LIANG Hongru YAN Bihui SHEN Shan Research Institute of Unconventional petroleum and Renewable Energy China University of PetroleumQingdao

1 Introduction Hydraulic fracturing refers to the parting of geo- materials due to excessively high fluid pressure. The most common application of hydraulic fracturing is enhanced oil recovery, in which increase in functional permeability of the ground is achived by the formation of permeable fracture （Mohammad, et al,2014）. Such processes are of vital importance tbr the explitation of deep geothermal reservoirs as well as for shale gas and oil reservoir （Gunther ＆ Dirk ,2015）. Currently, the most common used method to detecting the hydraulic fracturinggeometry （including location, orientation, and dimension） is micro-seismic monitoring.

关键词： HYDRAULIC fracturing petroleum reservoirs BASINS (Geology) SIMULATION methods & models OIL saturation in reservoirs CHINA

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The Significance of Wettability in Tight Oil Exploration and Development

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 172-174页

作者： XUE Haitao TIAN Shansi LU Shuangfang XIE Liujuan China University of petroleum(Hua Dong) Unconventional oil and gas and New Energy Research Institute

With the increasing of energy demand and conventional oil and gas resources depletion, unconventional oil and gas resources are getting more and more attention, and have become a major contributor to the global oil an... 详细信息

关键词： petroleum reservoirs petroleum prospecting WETTING OIL fields QUANTITATIVE research

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The key technology of Micro area visualization in the application of the oil and gas exploration and development

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 405-408页

作者： SUN Xianda TANG Wenhao YU Xiaodan Exploration and Development Research hlstitute of Daqing Oilfield Company Limited Daqing 163318 China Enhanced Oil Recovery Research Institute China University of petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China School of petroleum and NaturalGas Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China

1 Introduction Micro area visualization technology is one of the most reliable and most intuitive technological means for our engineers on solving difficult reservoir problems. This not only can be clearly definite such as Oil and gas occurrence of geological problems in the process of oil and gas exploration, but also can be solved remaining oil distribution and mechanism of exploitation problems in the process of oil and gas development.

关键词： petroleum prospecting OIL reservoir engineering petroleum reservoirs NATURAL gas -- Prospecting COMPUTER visualization

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petroleum accumulation:from the continuous to discontinuous

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petroleum Research 2017年第2期2卷 131-145页

作者： Jingzhou Zhao Qing Cao Yubin Bai Chuang Er Jun Li Weitao Wu Wuxian Shen School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation GeologyXi'an Shiyou UniversityShaanxi 710065China

Based on the extensive studies of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations,the concept,classification and formation as well as distribution of petroleum reservoirs are discussed.The revised concept defined the petroleum reservoir as a continuous hydrocarbon accumulation in a single or a set of reservoirs with an independent or uniform pressure system.In terms of the pattern of hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution,the hydrocarbon accumulations are classified into three basic types,i.e.,the continuous accumulation,the quasi-continuous accumulation and the discontinuous accumulation.The hydrocarbon accumulation was demonstrated as a process from continuous accumulation to discontinuous accumulation,and therefore these three basic types of hydrocarbon accumulations were identified.The continuous hydrocarbon accumulation is principally formed in source rocks,and typical examples are shale hydrocarbon reservoirs and coal-bed methane reservoirs;it is mainly characterized by tight-ultra tight reservoirs with permeability of nanodarcy to millidarcy;the hydrocarbons occurred in free,adsorbed or dissolved state;a continuous accumulation comprises actually only a single reservoir,and hydrocarbons are extensively and continuously distributed within the scope of effective source rocks;the accumulation has neither defined boundaries nor bottom or edge water;oil and gas mainly accumulate in situ or near the generation of hydrocarbons with no prominent migration;this hydrocarbon accumulation process is basically not controlled by traps.The quasicontinuous hydrocarbon accumulation mostly occurs in the tight reservoirs adjacent to source rocks,and typical examples are most of tight hydrocarbon reservoirs;the hydrocarbons are distributed quasicontinuously in large areas,and each quasi-continuous hydrocarbon accumulation includes numerous adjacent small-to medium-size reservoirs;reservoirs of this kind of hydrocarbon accumulation have no defined boundaries,no or only local edge and bottom water distribution,and

关键词： petroleum reservoirs Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation Quasi-continuous accumulation Discontinuous accumulation

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Controlling Function of Overlying High-Quality Source Rock on Above-Generation and Below-Storage Tight Oil reservoirs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 235-238页

作者： CAI Laixing LU Shuangfang DENG Shouwei HUANG Wenbiao College ofEarthSciences Northeast Petroleum University Daqing HeiLongfiang 163318 Research Institute of Unconventional petroleum and Renewable Energy China University of Petroleum (EastChina) Qingdao Shandong 266580 E&D Researeh Institute ofJilin Oilfield Songyuan Jilin 138000

In the process of oil and gas accumulation about continent faulted lake basin of China, the theory that＂high-quality source rocks controls hydrocarbon accumulation＇has been accepted by many scholars at home and abro... 详细信息

关键词： petroleum reservoirs petroleum engineering OIL fields HYDROCARBONS FORMATIONS (Geology) CHINA

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Formation Conditions of the Dolomite Tight Oil in Fengcheng Formation of Fengcheng Area,Junggar Basin,Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 247-249页

作者： HU Tao PANG Xingqi WANG Xulong PANG Hong YU Sa State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Changping DistrictBeijing 102249 PR China College of Geoseience China University of Petroleum ChangpingDistrict Beijing 102249 PR China Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay Xinjiang 834000 PR China

1 Introduction Combined with the actual geological settings, this paper defines that the dolomite tight oil is the oil that occurs in tight reservoirs which has permeability less than lmD, which is interbeded with or closed to shale （Energy Information Administration, 2012; National Energy Board, 2011; Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources, 2011; Jia et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2012）.

关键词： DOLOMITE petroleum reservoirs petroleum prospecting petroleum geology BASINS (Geology) CHINA

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