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EVOLUTION OF LARGE SCALE DISTURBANCES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH MEAN FLOW IN A ROTATING BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE——part ii

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1986年第1期3卷 172-188页

作者：曾庆存卢佩生李荣凤袁重光 Academia Sinica Beijing Institute of Atmospheric Physics

In part I of this paper, we have discussed two problems: the general properties of two-dimensional baro-tropie motion and the evolution and structure of both Rossby wave packet and inertio-gravity wave packet, In this part, we shall continue our discussion. Third, normal modes and continuous spectra of both quasi-geostrophic and non-geostrophic models, their different behaviour, and the comparison of normal mode approach to the wave packet approach. Fourth, weakly nonlinear theory of interaction based on the analysis of eddy transports, A nonzonal basic flow as well as non-geostrophic model is also included in the consideration, The last, the fully nonlinear theory, making emphasis on the conditions for the maintenance of nonzonal disturbances and the conditions for their continuous and complete absorption by the zonal flow. A comparison of Rossby wave absorption to energy cascade in the two-dimensional turbulence is also given.

关键词： mode EVOLUTION OF LARGE SCALE DISTURBANCES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH MEAN FLOW IN A ROTATING BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE part ii very

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MESOSCALE INSTABILITY OF A BAROCLINIC BASIC FLOW—part ii:TRANSVERSAL INSTABILITY

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Acta Meteorologica Sinica 1988年第3期 313-322页

作者：张可苏 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing

This is the second part of “Mesoscale Instability of a Baroclinic Basic Flow” which discusses theinstability of a basic flow against mesoscale perturbations of transversal type.A bi-mode instability spectrum is obtained by generalizing the Eady model to ageostrophic regime inan f-plane:Eady modes present at the synoptic and subsynoptic scales,while the ageostrophic baroclinicmesoscale modes present at the inertial scales of a few tens to hundreds *** mesoscale modeis featured by an asymmetric 'eat eyes' pattern in the vertical cross section and by an alternative distri-bution of divergence and vorticity in the horizontal *** growth rates of the mesoscale modesare about four times larger than those of Eady modes in magnitudes for the same wind *** majorenergy source for development both Eady mode and mesoscale mode is the baroclinic available energy storedin the rotational basic flow.

关键词： mode MESOSCALE INSTABILITY OF A BAROCLINIC BASIC FLOW part ii BASIC

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STUDIES ON THE GENUS CHAETOCEROS EHRENBERG FROM THE FISHING GROUND OF THE MACKEREL, PNEUMATO-PHORUS JAPONICUS (HOUTTUYN), OFF THE SHANTUNG COAST FROM CHEFOO TO WEIHAI. part ii. AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY.

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海洋与湖沼 1958年第1期 180-184页

作者： S. P. CHU Y. C. Kuo Huanghai Fisheries Research Institute Ministry of Fisheries Institute oj Marine Biology Academia Sinica

The difference in the plankton composition in oceanic and coastal waters attracted the attention of scientists more than half a century ago. Thus H(?)ckel (1890) devided planktonic organisms into oceanic and neritic species which occur in oceanic and coastal waters respectively. Then Sch(?)tt (1893), Cleve (1896, 1897a, 1897b, 1900) Aurivillius (1898) and Gran (1902) went a little further in using planktonic organisms for the identifi

关键词： OFF THE SHANTUNG COAST FROM CHEFOO TO WEIHAI part ii PNEUMATO-PHORUS JAPONICUS STUDIES ON THE GENUS CHAETOCEROS EHRENBERG FROM THE FISHING GROUND OF THE MACKEREL AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY HOUTTUYN

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On the Optimal Initial Inner-Core Size for Tropical Cyclone Intensification: An Idealized Numerical Study

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ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2024年第11期41卷 2141-2155页

作者： Fei, Rong Wang, Yuqing Wuxi Univ Sch Atmospher Sci & Remote Sensing Wuxi 214105 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci State Key Lab Severe Weather Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Hawaii Manoa Int Pacific Res Ctr Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol Dept Atmospher Sci Honolulu HI 96822 USA

Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones (TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size (i.e., the radius of maximum wind-RMW) varied from 20-180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate (LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal inner-core size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40-120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40-120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.

关键词： tropical cyclones intensification inner-core size idealized simulations SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS part ii BOUNDARY-LAYER INTENSITY DYNAMICS

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Physical Mechanism of Formation of the Bimodal Structure in the Meiyu Front System

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第12期22卷 3218-3220页

作者：崔晓鹏高守亭宗志平刘文明李小凡 Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 National Meteorological Centre China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Liaoning Meteorological Observatory Liaoning Meteorological Bureau Shenyang 110016 joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation and NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications Camp Springs Maryland 21029 USA

The bimodal structure of the Meiyu front system is readdressed after Zhou et al.（2005）. The physical mechanism of the formation of the bimodal distribution is discussed. The bimodal structure of the Melyu front system considerably results from atmospheric moisture gradients, though atmospheric temperature gradients are also not negligible. According to the definition of equivalent potential temperature, and by scale analysis, we find that atmospheric equivalent potential temperature gradients, which could be regarded as an indicator of the Meiyu front system, could be mainly attributed to the variations of atmospheric potential temperature gradients with a scaling factor of 1 and moisture gradients multiplied by a scaling factor of an order of about 2.5 × 10^3, which means that small variations of atmospheric moisture gradients could lead to large variations of equivalent potential temperature gradients, and thus large variations of the Meiyu front system. Quantitative diagnostics with a mesoscale simulation data in the vicinity of the Meiyu front system show that moisture gradients contribute to equivalent potential temperature gradients more than potential temperature gradients.

关键词： SLANTWISE VORTICITY DEVELOPMENT MOIST POTENTIAL VORTICITY ASIANSUMMER MONSOON EAST CHINA SEA SCALE STRUCTURE part ii REGION CONVERGENCE TRANSPORT FEATURES

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