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Wheat p.oduction and Wheat Rust Management in Canada

Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2012年第1期19卷 1-14页

作者： Xue Allen G Chi Dawn T Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Ottawa Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada

Wheat is Canada's the largest crop.with most of the p.oduction in the western Canadian p.airie p.ovinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. There were ap.roximately 10 million (M) hectares (hm2) seeded to wheat in Canada, including 7 M hm2 of hexap.oid sp.ing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 2 M hm2 of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.), and 1 M hm2 of winter wheat (T. aestivum). Within hexap.oid wheat there has been diversification into a number of market classes based on different end-use quality criteria. The p.edominant sp.ing bread wheat class has been the Canada Western Red Sp.ing (CWRS) class. Historically, the disease of major concern in wheat was stem rust, caused by p.ccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. The first significant stem rust resistant cultivar in Canada was Thatcher, grown extensively from 1939 until the early 1970s. Thatcher, however, was very suscep.ible to leaf rust, caused by p.ccinia triticina. Over years, imp.oved resistance to both stem and leaf rust was achieved with the release of cultivars with additional genes for resistance, p.imarily Sr2, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9b, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr16, and Lr34. The genetic resistance has adequately controlled stem rust but leaf rust continues to cause significant loss, p.rtially due to changes in the p. triticina p.p.lation which reduced the effectiveness of resistance genes such as Lr13 and Lr16. Strip. rust on wheat, caused by p.ccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, was historically a p.oblem under irrigation in southern Alberta, but since 2000, it has been found annually in the central Canadian p.airies and southern Ontario. The genetic basis of resistance to strip. rust in most Canadian wheat cultivars has not been determined, although Yr18 p.ovides p.rtial resistance in many cultivars. In the future, other rust diseases, such as wheat strip. rust, or highly virulent new p.thotyp.s of current rust p.thogens, such as p. graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug-99, may p.se new threats to cereal p.oductio

关键词： wheat Triticum aestivum stem rust p.ccinia graminis f.sp. tritici leaf rust p. triticina strip. rust p. striiformis

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