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oxidative potential of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles in Coal Fly Ash Generated from Coal-Fired Power Plants in China

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Environment & Health 2023年第3期1卷 180-190页

作者： Miao Xu Zuoshun Niu Chang Liu Jia Yan Bo Peng Yi Yang Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The overwhelming magnitude of coal-fired power plants has caused an inevitable release of metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs)into the atmosphere,which may be inhaled into the respiratory system and cause oxidative stress.In this study,MNPs and oxidative potential(OP)were analyzed in<1μm fractions of 56 coal fly ashes collected from Chinese CFPPs.The particle number concentrations(PNCs)of Fe-and Ti-containing NPs,as the dominant MNPs in CFAs,were in the range of 1.5×10^(9)to 9.4×10^(10)and 6.4×10^(8)to 4.1×10^(10)particles/mg,with average particle sizes of 87 and 89 nm,respectively.Average OP values of<1μm fractions were 1.4−2.2 nmol AA min^(−1)μg^(−1)for three simulated lung fluids,which were 2−3 orders of magnitude higher than those of urban atmospheric PM_(2.5).According to structural equation model analysis,metal concentrations in<1μm fractions,PNCs of Fe-/Ti-containing NPs,and their corresponding dissolved Fe/Ti(including NPs with minute sizes)can regulate OP of<1μm fractions in CFAs.Elevated PNCs of MNPs in CFAs can be produced by CFPPs burning low-rank coals and with a low combustion efficiency boiler(e.g.,circulating fluidized-bed boiler).Once entering lung fluids,they likely release more dissolved metals or tiny corresponding NPs,thus generating greater OP.This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of OP generated by MNPs in CFAs.

关键词： metal-containing NPs coal fly ash SP-ICP-MS oxidative potential simulated lung fluids

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Ambient particle composition and toxicity in 31 major cities in China

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 505-515页

作者： Lu Zhang Maosheng Yao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Current assessment of air quality or control effectiveness is solely based on particulate matter(PM)mass levels,without considering their toxicity differences in terms of health benefits.Here,we collected a total of 465 automo-bile air conditioning filters from 31 major Chinese cities to study the composition and toxicity of PM at a national scale.Dithiothreitol assay showed that normalized PM toxicity(NIOG)in different Chinese cities varied greatly from the highest 4.99×10^(-3)for Changsha to the lowest 7.72×10^(-4)for Yinchuan.NI0G values were observed to have significant correlations with annual PM_(10) concentration(r=-0.416,p=0.020)and some PM components(total fungi,so.2-and calcium element).The concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions in PM also varied by several orders of magnitude for 31 cities in China.Endotoxin concentrations in PM analyzed using limulus amebocyte lysate assay ranged from 2.88 EU/mg PM(Hangzhou)to 62.82 EU/mg PM(Shijiazhuang)among 31 Chinese cities.Besides,real-time qPCR revealed 10~100-fold differences in total bacterial and fungal levels among 31 Chinese cities.The concentrations of chemical(water soluble ions and trace elements)and bi-ological(fungi,bacteria and endotoxin)components in PM were found to be significantly correlated with some meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants such as SO_(2).Our results have demonstrated that PM toxicity from 31 major cities varied greatly up to 6.5 times difference;and components such as fungi and SO_(4)^(2-)in PM could play important roles in the observed PM toxicity.The city-specific air pollution control strategy that integrates toxicity factors should be enacted in order to maximize health and economic co-benefits.This work also provides a comprehensive view on the overall PM pollution situation in China.

关键词： PM toxicity oxidative potential Biologicals Chemical components Endotoxin

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Multiscattering-enhanced absorbance to enable the sensitive analysis of extremely diluted biological samples: Determination of oxidative potential in exhaled air

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2022年第2期14卷 62-66页

作者： Sami Goekce Nicolas Concha-Lozano Jean-Jacques Sauvain Maud Hemmendinger Alejandro Portela Elise Sergent Pascal Andujar Jean-Claude Pairon Pascal Wild Guillaume Suarez Center for Primary Care and Public Health Lausanne UniversityLausanneSwitzerland Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit CURMLLausanne University HospitalGeneva University HospitalsSwitzerland International University of Catalonia Bioengineering Institute of TechnologyBarcelonaSpain CHI Creteil Service Pathologies Professionnelles et de L’EnvironnementCreteilFrance Universite Paris-Est Creteil Faculte de SanteInstitut Sante Travail Paris-Est CreteilFrance Inserm U955 Team 4CreteilFrance INRS Scientific ManagementVandoeuvre Les NancyFrance

Direct determination of the oxidative potential in exhaled air(OPEA)as a biological indicator of the redox balance status in airways requires an extremely sensitive sensing approach to counterbalance the high dilution of the exhaled air matrix.In opposite to standard colorimetric assays based on Beer-Lambert Law,the use of simple multiscattering-enhanced absorbance(MEA)strategy results in an improved photonic sensing system.Based on this strategy and using the ferrous-xylenol orange assay,analytical performances allowing the detection of 3 pmol of H_(2)O_(2) could be obtained.The comparative analysis of photometric configurations–standard vs MEA–highlights the large absorbance gain obtained for tiny H_(2)O_(2) amounts–from 0 to 30 pmol–whereas similar sensing trends are observed at higher concentration range.The automated introduction of exhaled air sample into the reaction compartment via needle-impinger coupled with the MEA-based photonic cell enables ultrasensitive determination of OPEA in short time(<5 min).A pilot study conducted on healthy subjects(n=22)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients(n=23)volunteers shows a significant increase of the OPEA for COPD versus controls and strong negative correlation between OPEA and spirometry parameters(Tiffeneau index:FEV1/FVC)for ex-/non-smokers.Application perspectives to assess inflammatory episodes in obstructive lung diseases are thus made possible using this sensing approach.

关键词： Absorbance enhancement Photonic device oxidative potential Exhaled air COPD Pilot study

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Comparison of light absorption and oxidative potential of biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends soot particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 184-193页

作者： Yu Kuang Yi Guo Jiaqi Chai Jing Shang Jiali Zhu Svetlana Stevanovic Zoran Ristovski State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineeringand Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China International Laboratoryfor Air Quality&Health(ILAQH) School of ChemistryPhysics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia School of Engineering Faculty of Science Engineering&Built EnvironmentDe akin UniversityGeelong Waum Ponds CampusLocked Bag 20000GeelongVIC 3220Australia

Soot particles,mainly coming from fuel combustion,affect climate forcing through absorbing light and also result in adverse human health outcomes.Though biodiesel or additives blending with diesel was considered environmentally friendly,the understanding on absorbing and oxidative capacity of soot emitted from them are still unclear.The watersoluble organic carbon(WSOC)content,surface chemical structure,light absorption and oxidative potential(OPDTT)of soot from biodiesel/diesel and chemicals/diesel blends were investigated utilizing total organic carbon analyzer,X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and dithiothreitol(DTT)assay.The differences and correlations between soot properties were statistically analyzed.Chemicals/diesel blends soot owned significantly higher WSOC content,ratio of mass absorbing efficiency(MAE)in250 and 365 nm(E2/E3),OPDTT,and higher surface carbonyl content.Coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot contained evidently higher aromatic carbon–oxygen single bond(ArC–O)content,and higher MAE365.The individual comparison of biodiesel/diesel blends showed20%coconut biodiesel blend owned the lowest WSOC,E2/E3 and OPDTT,while highest ArC–O and MAE365,representing strongest absorbing properties.Association analysis showed OPDTTwas significantly positively correlated with WSOC.Further,the evident negative correlation between MAE365 and OPDTT was observed.Our results showed coconut biodiesel/diesel blends soot induced lower levels of oxidative potential,whereas absorption of light was higher,which have far reaching consequences on climate forcing.Therefore,it is important to evaluate the balance point between light-absorbing properties and oxidative potential,under the wide use of biodiesel.

关键词： Soot particle Biodiesel Light absorption Mass absorbing efficiency oxidative potential Dithiothreitol(DTT)

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Chemical characteristics,oxidative potential,and sources of PM_(2.5)in wintertime in Lahore and Peshawar,Pakistan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 148-158页

作者： Mushtaq Ahmad Qing Yu Jing Chen Siming Cheng Weihua Qin Yuepeng Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan

The chemical characteristics,oxidative potential,and sources of PM_(2.5)were analyzed at the urban sites of Lahore and Peshawar,Pakistan in February 2019.Carbonaceous species,water soluble ions,and metal elements were measured to investigate the chemical composition and sources of PM_(2.5).The dithiothreitol(DTT)consumption rate was measured to evaluate the oxidative potential of PM_(2.5).Both cities showed a high exposure risk of PM_(2.5)regarding its oxidative potential(DTT v).Carbonaceous and some of the elemental species of PM_(2.5)correlated well with DTT v in both Lahore and Peshawar.Besides,the DTT v of PM_(2.5)in Lahore showed significant positive correlation with most of the measured water soluble ions,however,ions were DTT-inactive in Peshawar.Due to the higher proportions of carbonaceous species and metal elements,Peshawar showed higher mass-normalized DTT activity of PM_(2.5)compared to Lahore although the average PM_(2.5)concentration in Peshawar was lower.The high concentrations of toxic metals also posed serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the residents of both cities.Principle component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression was applied to investigate different source contributions to PM_(2.5)and its oxidative potential.Mixed sources of traffic and road dust resuspension and coal combustion,direct vehicle emission,and biomass burning and formation of secondary aerosol were identified as the major sources of PM_(2.5)in both cities.The findings of this study provide important data for evaluation of the potential health risks of PM_(2.5)and for formulation of efficient control strategies in major cities of Pakistan.

关键词： Air pollution DTT Health risk oxidative potential Source apportionment

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