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Symbiotic bacteria attenuate Drosophila oviposition repellence to alkaline through acidification

Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 403-414页

作者： Wei Liu Jie Wang Hong-Yu Zhang Ying-Chun Yang Ru-Xue Kang Peng Bai Hui Fu Li-Rong Chen Yan-Ping Gao Eng King Tan Department of Medical Laboratory Science Fenyang CollegeShanxi Medical UniversityShanxiChina Department of Neurology National Neuroscience InstituteSingapore General Hospital CampusSingapore Department of Basic Medical Fenyang CollegeShanxi Medical UniversityShanxiChina

Metazoans harbor a wealth of symbionts that are ever-changing the environment by taking up resources and/or excreting metabolites.One such common environmental modification is a change in pH.Conventional wisdom holds that symbionts facilitate the survival and production of their hosts in the wild,but this notion lacks empirical evidence.Here,we report that symbiotic bacteria in the genus Enterococcus attenuate the oviposition avoidance of alkaline environments in Drosophila.We studied the effects of alkalinity on oviposition preference for the first time,and found that flies are robustly disinclined to oviposit on alkali-containing substrates.This innate repulsion to alkaline environments is explained,in part,by the fact that alkalinity compromises the health and lifespan of both offspring and parent Drosophila.Enterococcus dramatically diminished or even completely reversed the ovipositional avoidance of alkalinity in Drosophila.Mechanistically,Enterococcus generate abundant lactate during fermentation,which neutralizes the residual alkali in an egg-laying substrate.In conclusion,Enterococcus protects Drosophila from alkali stress by acidifying the ovipositional substrate,and ultimately improves the fitness of the Drosophila population.Our results demonstrate that symbionts are profound factors in the Drosophila ovipositional decision,and extend our understanding of the intimate interactions between Drosophila and their symbionts.

关键词： acidification alkaline Drosophila,Enterococcus fitness oviposition

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Mobility affects copulation and oviposition dynamics in Pieris brassicae in seminatural cages

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 743-752页

作者： Nicolas Larranaga Michel Baguette Olivier Calvez Delphine Legrand Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III SETE Station d'Ecologie Theorique et Experimentale UMR 5321 Moulis France Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Sorbonne Universites) Institut de Systematique Evolution et Biodiversite UMR 7205 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris cedex 5 France

When, how often and for how long organisms mate can have strong consequences for individual fitness and are crucial aspects of evolutionary ecology. Such determinants are likely to be of even greater importance in monandrous species and species with short adult life stages. Previous work suggests that mobility, a key dispersal? related trait, may affect the dynamics of copulations, but few studies have investigated the impact of individual mobility on mating latency, copulation duration and oviposition latency simultaneously. In this paper, we monitored the copulation dynamics of 40 males and 40 females, as well as the oviposition dynamics of the females of the Large White butterfly Pieris brassicae, a facultative long-distance disperser butterfly. Individuals from a breeding were selected to create a uniform distribution of mobility and we recorded the timing, number and duration of all copulations in a semiexperimental system. We showed that mobility, measured as the time spent in flight under stressful conditions (a proxy of dispersal tendency), correlates with all aspects of copulation dynamics: mobile males and females mated earlier and for shorter periods than less mobile individuals. In turn, late mating females increased the time between copulation and oviposition. These results feed the previously described mobility syndrome of R brassicae, involving morphological and physiological characters, with life-history traits. We suggest that the reduction of mating latency and copulation duration has an adaptive value in dispersing individuals, as their life expectancy might be shorter than that of sedentary individuals.

关键词： copulation duration life history mating latency mobility syndrome oviposition latency Pieris brassicae

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Spruce budworm feeding and oviposition are stimulated by monoterpenes in white spruce epicuticular waxes

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 73-80页

作者： Darragh Ennis Emma Despland Fei Chen Pat Forgione Eric Bauce Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal H4B 1R6 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University Montreal H4B 1R6 Departement des Sciences du bois et de la foret Universite Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada

Monoterpenes, source of the distinctive odor of conifers, are generally considered plant defensive compounds. However, they are also known to act as long-range insect attractants, as they are volatile and permeate forest airspaces. Moreover, they are lipid soluble and can be absorbed into plant epicuticular waxes. We test their role in short-range host plant choice by both adult females and larvae of a folivorous forest pest （Choristoneura fumiferana）. We conducted laboratory assays testing the responses of Eastern spruce budworm to an artificial monoterpene mix （α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, myrcene） and to white spruce （Picea glauca） epicuticular waxes in closed arenas. Ovipositing females pre- ferred filter paper discs treated with P. glauca waxes to controls, and preferred the waxes ＋ monoterpenes treatment to waxes alone. However, females showed no preference between the monoterpene-treated disc and the control when presented without waxes. Feeding larvae prefered wax discs to control discs. They also consumed discs treated with realistic monoterpene concentrations and wax preferentially over wax-only discs, but showed no preference between extremely high monoterpene concentrations and wax-only controls. In an insect-free assay, P. glauca epicuticular wax decreased monoterpene volatilization. These results suggest that P. glauca waxes and realistic concentrations of monoterpenes are stimulatory to both egg-laying females and feeding larvae, and that their effects are synergistic.

关键词： Choristoneura fumiferana epicuticular waxes monoterpenes natural defense oviposition Picea glauca

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oviposition Site Selection in the Malayan Giant Frog (Limnonectes blythii) in Singapore: Conservation Implications

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第3期6卷 184-188页

作者： Vishnu Vardhan SRIDHAR David BICKFORD Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore

Amphibians require specific habitats for breeding and loss or degradation of such habitats can negatively affect reproductive success. oviposition site selection within a habitat is also important as site quality is linked to larval survivorship and metamorphic success. We investigated oviposition site preferences of the stream-breeding frog Limnonectes blythii in Singapore through surveys and habitat measurements of breeding and non-breeding sites（N = 30 and 32, respectively）. The study species L. blythii is classified as Near Threatened（NT） in the IUCN red list and is associated with medium sized forest streams. L. blythii appeared to prefer streams with higher water p H and shallower water depths for oviposition. Our findings have implications in conservation management as it provides the baseline for habitat restoration for creation of new and for preserving existing breeding habitat of L. blythii.

关键词： amphibians anura oviposition reproduction restoration streams

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Effects of Various Degrees of Antennal Ablation on Mating and oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella L.

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1311-1319页

作者： YAN Xi-zhong DENG Cai-ping SUN Xue-jun HAO Chi Agricultural College Shanxi Agricultural University Forestry College Shanxi Agricultural University Cross Cancer Institute and the Department of Experimental Oncology University of Alberta

Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.

关键词： Plutella xylostella antenna sensilla antennal ablation oviposition mating

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Repellent effects of pongam oil on settlement and oviposition of the common greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum on chrysanthemum

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 219-224页

作者： ROMAN PAVELA GERHARD HERDA Research Institute of Crop Production Prague Czech University of Agriculture Prague Czech Republic

The repellent activities, including host deterrence and anti-oviposion, of pongam oil against the adults of the common greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood in greenhouses were tested. Chrysanthemum plants treated with different concentrations （0.5%-2.0%） of water-suspended pongam oil showed relatively long-lasting host deterrent and anti-oviposition effects on the adults of greenhouse whitefly. Although the repellent effect declined in time and concentration, strong effects on the reduction of oviposition were found, which lasts, dependent on concentration at least 12 days after application.

关键词： botanical insect control agent oviposition pongam oil repellence Trialeurodes vaporariorum

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Emergence,Mating and oviposition Behavior of the Chinese Population in Pink Bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 653-662页

作者： WU Huai-heng HUANG Min-song WAN Peng Kris A G Wyckhuys WU Kong-ming State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIAT-Asia

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed （nocturnal） emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13：00 and continued up till 23：00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 rain later and gradually declined until 04：00. Although mating started immediately after darkness （i.e., 20：00）, mating behavior was most intense from 23：00 to 03：40. oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20：00 and 22：00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2-3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China.

关键词： Pectinophora gossypiella nocturnal activities emergence mating oviposition

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Toxicity of several botanical essential oils and their combinations against females of Aedes albopictus(Skuse) and Anopheles minimus(Theobald): oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal efficacies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第1期9卷 29-39页

作者： Nuttavich Cotchakaew Mayura Soonwera Department of Plant Production Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil(EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants(Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augmenting Eucalyptus globulus(E. globulus) EO against females of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus(An. minimus). Methods: These formulations were evaluated for their ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and adulticidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus by a topical method, a double-choice method and a WHO susceptibility test, respectively. Results: It was found that all formulations of Zingiberaceae plants EOs augmented with E. globulus EO were more effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities against the two mosquito species than all of the formulations used without E. globulus EO. Their oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal activities were equivalent to those of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol as a control alone was not effective at all. The highest synergistic effect in effective repellency against Ae. albopictus was achieved by 5% Alpinia galanga EO + 5% E. globulus EO and against An. minimus was 5% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Moreover, the highest synergistic effects in ovicidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus were achieved by 10% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 10% E. globulus EO and 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO, respectively. For the adulticidal activities, the highest synergistic effect against two mosquitoes was achieved by 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Conclusions: These results suggest that Zingiberaceae plant EOs augmented with E. globulus EO have a high potential to be developed into oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents for controlling populations of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus.

关键词： Aedes albopictus Anopheles minimus Plant essential oil Ovicide oviposition deterrent Adulticide

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Effects of NaCl stress on the biochemical substances in Bt cotton as well as on the growth and development and adult oviposition selectivity of Helicoverpa armigera

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Journal of Cotton Research 2019年第1期2卷 17-25页

作者： LUO Junyu ZHANG Shuai ZHU Xiangzhen JI Jichao ZHANG Kaixin WANG Chunyi ZHANG Lijuan WANG Li CUI Jinlie Research Base Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000 HenanChina State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang 455000 Henan China

Background:Recently,due to the development of food security strategies,cotton has been planted in inland saline-alkali dry soils or in coastal some saline-alkali soils in China.Under the condition,to comprehensively prevent and control Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields with saline-alkali soils,it is important to study the larval growth and development of H.armigero and to study adult oviposition selectivity in H.armigera adults that feed on NaCI-stNaCled cotton plants.Results:In this study,Bt cotton GK19 was used for the experimental group and its nontransgenic parent Simian 3 was used for the control to study the effects of biochemical substances in cotton as well as larval growth and development and adult oviposition selectivity of H.armigera.The experiments were performed by growing cotton indoors under NaCl stress at concentrations of 0 mmol-L-1,75 mmol-L-1 and 150 mmol-L-1,respectively.The results showed that the expression of Bt protein was significantly inhibited for NaCI-stressed Bt cotNaClThe content of soluble protein and K+ in the leaves of cotton were decreased,while the content of gossypol and Na+were increased.In addition,the 5th instar H.armigera larvae exhibited shorten the life span in a 13-day trial period.Under enclosure treatments and at different female densities,the adult oviposition of H.armigera decreased on high NaCI-stressed nontransgenic coNaCl,while the oviposition on Bt cotton tended to first increase but then decrease under low,moderate and high NaCl stress treatments.Conclusions:Under certain content ranges of NaCl stress treatments,larval of H.armigera growth and development,and adult oviposition were no significant difference in the change for a certain period.However,under high NaCl stress,larval growth,development and adult oviposition were affected,which may provide insights for the prevention and control of H.armigero for Bt cotton in saline-alkali soils.

关键词： NaCl stress Bt cotton Biochemical substance Helicoverpa armigera Growth and development oviposition selectivity

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Circadian rhythms of feeding, oviposition, and emergence of the boll weevil （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

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Insect Science 2006年第6期13卷 461-467页

作者： SHOIL M. GREENBERG J. SCOTT ARMSTRONG MAMOUDOUSETAMOU THOMAS W. SAPPINGTON RANDY J. COLEMAN TONG-XIAN LIU USDA-ARS-SARC-BIRU Texas A&M University Agricultural Experiment Station Weslaco Texas USDA-ARS-CICGRU Ames Iow USA

Circadian rhythm of feeding, oviposition, and emergence of boll weevil adults were determined at five different photophases （24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 hours） and a constant 27℃ temperature, 65% RH in the laboratory. Squares from Petri dishes, where they were exposed to boll weevil females, were removed and examined for feeding and oviposition punctures every 4 hours during daylight （0700-1900 h） and every 12 h at night （1900-0700 h） over eight consecutive days. Cohorts of randomly selected egg-punctured squares were sampled from ovipositing females at 0700, 1100, 1500, and 1900 during 24 hours and under different photophase treatments, and maintained in Petri dishes at 27 ＋ I℃, 65% RH. Dishes were observed twice daily （1900 and 0700 h） for adults emerging at day or night. Circadian rhythm of oviposition was not affected by the length of the photophase. The boll weevil has round-the-clock circadian rhythm of oviposition, with a daytime preference. We observed that 82.4%-86.0% of the boll weevil eggs were deposited between 0700 and 1900 h, and 14.0%-17.6% between 1900 and 0700 h during a 24-h period. Feeding of boll weevil females in photoperiods 24：0 h （complete light） and 0：24 h （complete darkness） did not significantly change between 0700-1900 h versus 1900-0700 h, while the d .ally cycle of light and darkness in other photoperiods significantly increased the feeding punctures from 0700-1900 compared with 1900-0700 h. The circadian rhythm of emergence depended significantly on the time of oviposition and the length of the photophase. Investigation of boll weevil circadian rhythm provides a better understanding of boll weevil ecology and reveals potential weak links for improving control technologies targeting their reproductive strategies.

关键词： Anthonomus grandis emergence circadian rhythm oviposition photophase

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