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Self-/conspecific discrimination and superparasitism strategy in the ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphax fairchildii （Hymenoptera： Dryinidae）

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 741-749页

作者： Emi Ito Yoshihiro Y. Yamada Insect Ecology Laboratory Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University Tsu Mie Japan

Superparasitism in solitary parasitoids results in fatal competition between the immature parasitoids, and consequently only one individual can emerge. In the semisoli- tary ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphaxfairchildii （Hymenoptera： Dryinidae）, 2 adults can emerge under superparasitism with a short interval （〈24 h） between the first and second ovipositions. We determined the female parasitoid＇s behavioral responses under self- and conspecific superparasitism bouts with first-to-second oviposition intervals of 〈2 h. The self- and conspecific superparasitizing frequencies increased up to an oviposition interval of 0.75 h, with the former remaining lower than the latter, particularly for oviposition intervals of _〈0.25 h, suggesting the existence of self-/conspecific discrimination. The superparasitizing frequency plateaued for oviposition intervals of _〉0.75 h, with no dif- ference between self- and conspecific superparasitism. The ovicidal-probing frequency did not differ under self- and conspecific superparasitism, and was usually 〈20%. The females exhibited no preference for the oviposition side （i.e., ovipositing on the side with or without the first progeny） and almost always laid female eggs for any oviposition in- terval under self- and conspecific superparasitism. The sex ratio was not affected by the type of superparasitism, oviposition sides, or the occurrence of ovicidal probing. These observed results about the oviposition side, ovicidal probing, and sex ratios differed from the predictions obtained assuming that the females behave optimally. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed： likely candidates include the high cost of selecting oviposition sides and ovicidal probing, and, for the sex ratio, the low frequency of encountering suitable hosts before superparasitism bouts.

关键词： infanticide ovicide plant hopper self-recognition sex ratio

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Toxicity of several botanical essential oils and their combinations against females of Aedes albopictus(Skuse) and Anopheles minimus(Theobald): Oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal efficacies

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第1期9卷 29-39页

作者： Nuttavich Cotchakaew Mayura Soonwera Department of Plant Production Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil(EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants(Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augmenting Eucalyptus globulus(E. globulus) EO against females of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus(An. minimus). Methods: These formulations were evaluated for their ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and adulticidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus by a topical method, a double-choice method and a WHO susceptibility test, respectively. Results: It was found that all formulations of Zingiberaceae plants EOs augmented with E. globulus EO were more effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities against the two mosquito species than all of the formulations used without E. globulus EO. Their oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal activities were equivalent to those of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol as a control alone was not effective at all. The highest synergistic effect in effective repellency against Ae. albopictus was achieved by 5% Alpinia galanga EO + 5% E. globulus EO and against An. minimus was 5% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Moreover, the highest synergistic effects in ovicidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus were achieved by 10% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 10% E. globulus EO and 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO, respectively. For the adulticidal activities, the highest synergistic effect against two mosquitoes was achieved by 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Conclusions: These results suggest that Zingiberaceae plant EOs augmented with E. globulus EO have a high potential to be developed into oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents for controlling populations of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus.

关键词： Aedes albopictus Anopheles minimus Plant essential oil ovicide Oviposition deterrent Adulticide

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Larvicidal,ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata(Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第1期8卷 29-34页

作者： Appadurai Daniel Reegan Arokia Valan Kinsalin Michael Gabriel Paulraj Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu Entomology Research Institute Loyola College

Obective:To evaluate the *** and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge Cliona celala(***)(Grant) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(***) ***:Marine sponge *** was thoroughly washed with distilled water and shade dried for 48 *** the sponges were homogenized and extracted sequentially with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol,Lanvicidal and ovicidal activities were tested at four different concentrations viz.,62.***.125.0.250.0 and 500.0 *** repellent study extracts were taken in three different concentrations viz..5.***.2.5.1.0 mg/cm ***:Among the three solvent extracts of ***,methanol extract showed thc highest lanvieidal activity at 500 ppm against the fourth inslar larvae of *** LC_(50)and LC_(90) values of *** methanol extract were recorded as 80.61 and 220.81 ppm against *** larvae *** ovieidal activity of 91.2%was recorded al 500 ppm concentration of methanol *** haxane extract was found to be the most effective protectant against the adult female mosquitoes of *** mean protection time recorded in hexane extract was up to 245 min at 5 mg/cm^2 dosage against *** ***:The screening results suggest that the hexane and methanol extracts of *** arc promising in mosquito *** these *** could the probed further to obtain some novel pesticidal molecules.

关键词： Mosquito larvicide ovicide Repellent Cliona celata Anopheles stephensi

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