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International Standardization of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology:overlaps,Gaps and Challenges

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第11期137卷 1491-1523页

作者： Xiangjuan Jia Jing Xu Mengwei Han Qing Zhang Lu Zhang Xiaofeng Chen Department of Standardization and Research Project Management Hangzhou Qulian Technology Co.Ltd.Hangzhou310000China State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310000China

As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological *** is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital *** has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust *** blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real *** the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic ***,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the *** the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization *** blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the charac

关键词： ISO ITU-T IEEE blockchain distributed ledger technology international standard standardization status overlaps gaps challenges

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Early Childhood Education for Sustainability Through Contradicting and Overlapping Dimensions

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ECNU Review of Education 2019年第4期2卷 374-395页

作者： Liv Torunn Grindheim Yvonne Bakken Kjellrun Hiis Hauge Marianne Presthus Heggen KINDknow–Kindergarten Knowledge Centre for Systemic Research on Diversity and Sustainable Futures Western Norway University of Applied Sciences5063 BergenNorway Western Norway University of Applied Sciences

Purpose:The article investigates how to make a broader understanding of sustainability relevant for early childhood education(ECE)guided by the four dimensions suggested by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization:ecological,economic and social/cultural sustainability,and good ***/Approach/Methods:Previous research on ECE on sustainability is discussed in relation to the four dimensions and to Biesta’s concepts of socialization,qualification,and ***:The investigation finds that all four dimensions are necessary in ECE for sustainability,and it suggests how the dimensions can be understood,how they may overlap,and how they can be ***/Value:The article depicts how children’s opportunities to engage and to disturb established ways of thinking can be facilitated through all dimensions.

关键词： Conflicts dimensions of sustainability early childhood education overlaps

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The Study of the Secrets of the Genetic Code

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2018年第7期6卷 64-83页

作者： N. N Kozlov Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The disclosure of many secrets of the genetic code was facilitated by the fact that it was carried out on the basis of mathematical analysis of experimental data: the diversity of genes, their structures and genetic codes. New properties of the genetic code are presented and its most important integral characteristics are established. Two groups of such characteristics were distinguished. The first group refers to the integral characteristics for the areas of DNA, where genes are broken down in pairs and all 5 cases of overlap, allowed by the structure of DNA, were investigated. The second group of characteristics refers to the most extended areas of DNA in which there is no genetic overlap. The interrelation of the established integral characteristics in these groups is shown. As a result, a number of previously unknown effects were discovered. It was possible to establish two functions in which all the over-understood codons in mitochondrial genetic codes (human and other organizations) participate, as well as a significant difference in the integral characteristics of such codes compared to the standard code. Other properties of the structure of the genetic code following from the obtained results are also established. The obtained results allowed us to set and solve one of the new breakthrough problems—the calculation of the genetic code. The full version of the solution to this problem was published in this journal in August 2017.

关键词： Genetic Code Overlapping Genes Degeneracy Code Code Irregularities Potential Code for overlaps Common Property Codes Integral Characteristics Code Deviation Code Elementary overlaps Role-Reinterpreted Codons Code Is Not Arbitrary

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Feeding ecology of the mangrove oyster, <i>Crassostrea gasar</i>(Dautzenberg, 1891) in traditional farming at the coastal zone of Benin, West Africa

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Natural Science 2013年第12期5卷 1238-1248页

作者： Alphonse Adite Stanislas P. Sonon Ghelus L. Gbedjissi Laboratoire de Parasitologie & Ecologie Parasitaire Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin PRECOB Unité de Recherches sur les Zones Humides (URZH) Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

Wild collection management and farming of the mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) occurring widely at the Benin (West Africa) coastal zone require knowledge on the feeding ecology to explore energy sources and nutritional needs. Six hundred thirty (630) individuals of C. gasar have been sampled in the rearing site at the Benin coastal lagoon to investigate on the trophic ecology of this cultivated bivalve. The diet analysis revealed that C. gasar is a filter-feeder foraging mainly on phytoplankton (72.70%) and substrate particles (22.95%). This trophic specialization results from anatomical structure, mainly the presence of gills which facilitate the filtering of number of plankton taxa. Dominant phytoplanktons ingested comprised of Diatomophycea (33.52%), Chlorophycae (17.19%), Scenedesmacae (13.80%), Dictyosphaeriacae (3.79%), and Pleurococcacae (2.75%). Eight genuses of phytoplankton, Polycystis, Coelosphaerium, Protococcus, Botryoccocus, Crucigenia, Melosira, Cyclotella, and Gyrosigma dominated the diet of C. gasar with aggreated volumetric proportions reaching 69.06% of the diet. Higher occurrences were recorded mainly for Melosira occurring in 263 (41.75%) stomachs, substrate particles in 211 (33.49%), and Polycystis in 151 (23.97%). C. gasar exhibited a high niche breadths varying from 4.54 to 5.78, suggesting that this bivalve consumed a high variety of food items, thus exhibiting a degree of trophic plasticity. Diet overlaps (?jk) among different size classes were high and varied from 0.71 to 0.98, indicating an ontogenetic diet shift pattern in C. gasar. Probably, to adapt to the benthic-muddy environment and to increase survival, C. gasar has evolved a specialized feeding mechanism and strategy to retrieve only needed nutrients for growth and to reject awful and nondigestible foods. Also, at the oyster rearing grounds, there is an evidence of shift in the food web structure leading to an increase of the biological productivity at the coastal zone. The out

关键词： Conservation Crassostrea Diet overlaps Farming Filter-Feeder Food Web Foraging Strategy Phytoplankton

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