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Forty Years Development of China's outward Foreign Direct Investment:Retrospect and the Challe nges Ahead

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China & World Economy 2019年第3期27卷 1-24页

作者： Bijun Wang Kailin Gao Institute of World Economics and Politics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences China National School of Development Peking University China

outwardforeign direct investment(OFDI)has increasingly become an important method for China to integrate into the world economy.This paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes policy development and the changing pattern of China's OFDI over the past 40 years.We divide the development into"restricted”(1978-1999),"relaxed"(2000-2016)and"regulated",(2017 onwards)stages.This paper also reviews literature on the impact of Chinese OFDI on China and host countries.Despite its generally positive effects,large-scale and unbalanced OFDI activities have alarmed Chinese policymakers.Both developing and developed host countries have expressed their concern over national security and the misbehavior of some Chinese overseas enterprises.Therefore,greater supervision and adjustment from quantity to quality growth is necessary for the future development of China's OFDI.

关键词： China foreign exchange reserve going out strategy outward foreign direct investment reform and opening-up policy

Can China's Diplomatic Partnership Strategy Benefit outward Foreign Direct Investment?

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China & World Economy 2019年第5期27卷 108-134页

作者： Churen Sun Yaying Liu Guangdong Institute for International Strategies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesChina School of International Business Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChina

In the context of global integration, whether a diplomatic partnership strategy can promote outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and how it works are very important issues for China.Based on a dataset featuring China's partnerships collected from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website,we establish an empirical framework to assess the role of China's diplomatic strategy in its OFDI arising from partnerships since 1993. The results show that the establishment or upgrade of partnerships has had a positive effect on Chinese firms' decisions on OFDI for at least the short term, especially for firms with higher demand for policy guarantees from the government, such as noncentral firms and non-Beijing firms. The results also show that the increase in OFDI is concentrated in host countries with higher political risks, such as developing countries, neighboring countries, and Belt and Road countries,which is consistent with China's diplomatic focus.Our research proves that China's diplomatic strategy can assist firms to invest abroad.

关键词： Belt and Road Initiative outward foreign direct investment partnership diplomatic strategy political risk

Tech no logy Gap,Reverse Technology Spillover and Domestic Innovation Performanee in outward Foreign Direct Investment:Evidenee from China

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China & World Economy 2019年第2期27卷 1-23页

作者： Jin Hong Chongvang Zhou Yanrui Wu Ruicheng Wang Dora Marinova University of Science and Technology of China China University of Western Australia Australia. Nanjing University of Science and Technology China Curtin University Australia

This research adds to the literature studying the effects of outward foreign direct investment(OF DI)on domestic innovation performance and the moderating effect of a technology gap between host and home countries.New definitions of observed technology gap and expected technology'gap are proposed.An observed technology gap captures the existing differences in technology level between establishments,regions or countries.An expected technology'gap is an indication of the effort of imitating and learning from technology leaders.The corresponding measures and effects of observed and expected technology gaps on OFDI-induced reverse technology spillover are analyzed.OFDI in developed countries promotes innovation performance.However,OFDI in emerging markets hampers innovation performance.It is also found that regions with a wider observed technology^gap and a narrower expected technology gap can benefit more from OFDI.

关键词： innovation performance outward foreign direct investment reverse technology spillover technology gap

Heterogeneity in top management teams and outward foreign direct investment: evidenee from Chinese listed companies

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2019年第3期13卷 344-371页

作者： Shuai Meng Jiayan Yan Xuebing Cao Business School Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of Business Nanjing Audit UniversityNanjing 211815China Keele Management School Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUK

Drawing upon the knowledge-based view and team learning,we investigated how heterogeneity in top man agement teams(TMTs)in China in flue nces global expansi on strategies.Using panel data from Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2014,we found that TMT functional background heterogeneity could positively affect firms'commitment to outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),as the diversification of TMT members can enrich the team's knowledge,facilitate efficient team learning,and enhance the decision-making capacity on overseas expansi on.However,tenure heterogeneity may hinder knowledge acquisition and team learning among TMT members,hence undermining firms/OFDI commitment.

关键词： Top management teams(TMTs) Tenure heterogeneity outward foreign direct investment(OFDI) Knowledge-based view(KBV) Team learning Multinational enterprise(MNE)

Chinese outward Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Upgrading from the Perspective of Differences among Countries

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China & World Economy 2020年第3期28卷 1-28页

作者： Hao Chen Jiadong Pan Wen Xiao School of Economics and Management Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyChina Zhejiang Institute of Administration China

This paper constructs a two-sector model to identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)in different countries on China s industrial upgrading and conducts an empirical analysis using provincial-level panel data from 2003--2015.The results show that China can benefit firom industrial upgrading via OFDI in developed countries by way of reverse technology spillover:This effect is significant in the eastern region,but not in the central and western regions.China can also benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developing countries and countries along the Belt and Road through marginal industrial transfer.This effect is more significant in the central region,followed by the western and eastern regions.Our results imply that China should promote technology-seeking OFDI in developed countries,and enhance efficiency-seeking OFDI in developing countries,especially in countries along the Belt and Road.

关键词： industrial upgrading marginal industrial transfer outward foreign direct investment reverse technology spillover

Impact of China’s outward Foreign Direct Investment on Enterprise Performance

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2019年第5期36卷 513-520页

作者：徐琦琦王雷 ID Bouichou Said Glorious Sun School of Business and Management Donghua University

The present study seeks to address two fundamental questions.(1)Does outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)enhance enterprise performance ultimately?(2)How does this effect come about?A new dataset from the years 2011 to 2016 based on the micro-data of 88 Chinese multinational-listed enterprises was used to test research hypotheses with the mediating effect modeling approach.The study results reveal that:(1)the investment intensity has a positive influence,while investment span has a negative influence on enterprise performance;(2)the enhanced innovation capability can considerably increase the enterprise performance,while investment intensity and span both hinder the upgrading of innovation capability;and(3)the innovation capability of an enterprise plays a partial intermediary role among investment span and enterprise performance.However,there is no mediating effect between investment intensity,innovation ability,and enterprise performance.

关键词： outward foreign direct investment(OFDI) enterprise performance innovation capability mediating effect

Theoretical Explanation of China's outward Direct Investment

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China Economist 2010年第6期5卷 4-13页

作者：裴长洪樊瑛 Institute of Economics CASS School of International Economics and Trade University of International Business and Economics (UIBE)

Traditional foreign direct investment (FDI) theory only examines corporate investment motivation while neglectinggovernment roles.China’s outward direct investment (ODI) is of both commercial and strategic significance to leveragedomestic and international resources and markets.ODI is a corporate behavior but also is a means of achieving nationalstrategies and heightening political and economic statuses.As a source of ODI,China should provide strong guidance andbacking to corporate ODI for both commercial and national interests.

关键词： Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) national interest investment source outward direct investment (ODI)

Role of calcium mobilization in the regulation of spontaneous transient outward currents in porcine coronary artery myocytes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第5期50卷 660-668页

作者： LI PengYun ZENG XiaoRong YANG Yan CAI Fang LIU ZhiFei LI MiaoLing PEI Jie ZHOU Wen Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China Institute of Myocardial Electrophysiology Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 China

The purpose of the present study was to further study the characteristics and regulation of spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in freshly isolated porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). STOCs were recorded using the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. STOCs were voltage-dependent and superimposed stochastically onto whole-cell Ca2+-activated-K+ (BKCa) currents. Charybdotoxin (ChTX, 200 nmol/L), a selective blocker of BKCa channels, completely inhibited STOCs within 10 min. STOCs activity was greatly suppressed when extracellular Ca2+ concentration decreased from 1.8 mmol/L to 200 nmol/L, further removal of Ca2+ abolished STOCs activity. Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (10 μmol/L) increased STOCs activity significantly. Verapamil (20 μmol/L) and CdCl2 (200 μmol/L), two kinds of organic L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCCs) antagonists, had little effect on STOCs. In addition, the ryanodine receptors (RyRs) agonist caffeine (5 mmol/L) significantly activated STOCs. Application of ryanodine (50 μmol/L) to block RyRs abolished STOCs, subsequent washout of ryanodine or application of caffeine failed to reproduce STOCs activity. Inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) by 2APB (40 μmol/L) greatly suppressed the activity of STOCs, application of caffeine (5 mmol/L) in the presence of 2APB caused a burst of outward currents followed by inhibition of STOCs. These results suggest that STOCs in porcine coronary ASMCs are mediated by BKCa channels. Extracellular Ca2+ is essential for STOCs activity, while Ca2+ entry through L-VDCCs has little effect on STOCs. Intracellular Ca2+ release induced by RyRs is responsible for the regulation of STOCs, whereas IP3Rs might also be involved.

关键词： spontaneous transient outward currents, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, coronary artery, smooth muscle cells, perforated patch-clamp techniques

Official Comments on China's outward investment and economic cooperation &foreign investment in China(1-11,2015)

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China Textile 2016年第1期 46-48页

作者： Flora Zhao

Editor’s note:Recently,official from the Department of outward Investment and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce has made comments on China’s outward investment and economic cooperation as well as foreign investment in JanuaryNovember.China’s outward Investment and Economic Cooperation In January-November 2015,China’s outward investment and cooperation maintained a sound development momentum.The direct investment

关键词： cooperation outward overseas official contract constantly momentum signed struction maintained