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Early Cretaceous shifting of Zoophycos in the ouarsenis mountains(northwestern Algeria)

Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第4期12卷 603-623页

作者： Imad Bouchemla Li-Jun Zhang Madani Benyoucef Mariusz A.Salamon Department of Geological Sciences Faculty of Biological and Agricultural SciencesMouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-OuzouP.O.Box.17DZ-15000 Tizi-OuzouAlgeria Laboratoire de G eomatique Ecologie et EnvironnementMustapha Stambouli-Mascara UniversityDZ-29000 MascaraAlgeria School of Resources and Environment Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biogenic Traces and Sedimentary MineralsHenan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003Henan ProvinceChina Institute of Earth Sciences University of Silesia in KatowiceBędzi nska 6041-200 SosnowiecPoland

Early Cretaceous succession of the Oued Fodda Formation in the ouarsenis mountains(northwestern Algeria) is mainly composed of marl—limestone alternations, which are subdivided into four informal units(Units 1 to 4), based on distinct lithological, stratonomical, and ichnological features. The ichnological analysis reveals a low diversity of the trace-fossil assemblage, which is exclusively reported from Units 2 and *** ichnoassemblage contains six ichnotaxa(Chondrites intricatus, Ophiomorpha isp., Planolites isp., Thalassinoides isp., Zoophycos brianteus, and Zoophycos cauda-galli), among which Zoophycos and Chondrites are the most common elements of the assemblage and occur in distinct mud-rich substrates showing different bioturbation intensities. The development of Zoophycos in the middle part of Unit 2 shows a high degree of bioturbation(bioturbation index(BI) = 4). Zoophycos specimens are of large size, between 45 cm and 75 cm in width, which were interpreted to have formed in a lower offshore environment where the oxygenation amount was optimal, the sedimentation rate was low, and the benthic food was abundant on the seafloor. Toward the upper part of Unit 2, Zoophycos-bearing levels exhibit a less intense degree of bioturbation(BI between 1 and2) in contrast to Planolites-and Chondrites-bearing levels which have a bioturbation index(BI) between 3 and4. At these levels, Zoophycos displays relatively small, coiled to U-shaped spreiten, probably in response to stressful and dysoxic conditions prevailing in the water bottom. With improved oxygenation in a quiet lower offshore to shelf margin environment in Unit 3, the benthic organisms recovered, as represented by medium to large size Zoophycos in association with Ophiomorpha and scarce Chondrites burrows, even if the overall bioturbation intensity is very low. The combination of trace-fossil assemblage and lithofacies of the Oued Fodda Formation indicates relatively stable outer shelf environments below the s

关键词： Zoophycos Ethology Palaeoecology Lower Cretaceous ouarsenis mountains Algeria

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