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Structural geometry of orogenic gold deposits： Implications for exploration of world-class and giant deposits

Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1163-1177页

作者： David I.Groves M.Santosh Richard J.goldfarb Liang Zhang Orebusters Pty Ltd Gwelup 6018 Western Australia Australia State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration Dept. of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Division of Interdisciplinary Science Faculty of Science Kochi University Kochi 780-8520 Japan

With very few exceptions, orogenic gold deposits formed in subduction-related tectonic settings in accretionary to collisional orogenic belts from Archean to Tertiary times. Their genesis, including metal and fluid source, fluid pathways, depositional mechanisms, and timing relative to regional structural and metamorphic events, continues to be controversial. However, there is now general agreement that these deposits formed from metamorphic fluids, either from metamorphism of intra-basinal rock sequences or de-volatilization of a subducted sediment wedge, during a change from a compressional to transpressional, less commonly transtensional, stress regime, prior to orogenic collapse. In the case of Archean and Paleoproterozoic deposits, the formation of orogenic gold deposits was one of the last events prior to cratonization. The late timing of orogenic gold deposits within the structural evolution of the host orogen implies that any earlier structures may be mineralized and that the current structural geometry of the gold deposits is equivalent to that at the time of their formation provided that there has been no significant post-gold orogenic overprint. Within the host volcano-sedimentary sequences at the province scale, world-class orogenic gold deposits are most commonly located in second-order structures adjacent to crustal scale faults and shear zones, representing the first-order ore-forming fluid pathways, and whose deep lithospheric connection is marked by lamprophyre intrusions which, however, have no direct genetic association with gold deposition. More specifically, the gold deposits are located adjacent to ～10°-25° district-scale jogs in these crustal-scale faults. These jogs are commonly the site of arrays of ～70° cross faults that accommodate the bending of the more rigid components, for example volcanic rocks and intrusive sills, of the host belts. Rotation of blocks between these accommodation faults causes failure of more competent units and/or re

关键词： Structural geometry Tectonic history Fluid pathways orogenic gold deposits Exploration criteria

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