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The giant Jiaodong gold province： The key to a unified model for orogenic gold deposits？

Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 409-417页

作者： David I.Groves M.Santosh Centre for Exploration Targeting UWA Cmwley 6009 WA Australia Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaicle SA 5005 Australia State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Division of Interdisciplinary Science Faculty of Science Kochi University Kochi 780-8520 Japan

Although the term orogenic gold deposit has been widely accepted for all gold-only lode-gold deposits,with the exception of Carlin-type deposits and rare intrusion-related gold systems,there has been continuing debate on their *** syngenetic models and hydrothermal models dominated by meteoric fluids are now clearly ***-hydrothermal models fail to explain the genesis of orogenic gold deposits because of the lack of consistent spatially- associated granitic intrusions and inconsistent temporal *** most plausible,and widely accepted,models involve metamorphic fluids,but the source of these fluids is hotly *** within deeper segments of the supracrustal successions hosting the deposits,the underlying continental crust,and subducted oceanic lithosphere and its overlying sediment wedge all have their *** orogenic gold deposits of the giant Jiaodong gold province of China,in the delaminated North China Craton,contain ca.120 Ma gold deposits in Precambrian crust that was metamorphosed over 2000 million years prior to gold *** only realistic source of fluid and gold is a subducted oceanic slab with its overlying sulfide-rich sedimentary package,or the associated mantle *** could be viewed as an exception to a general metamorphic model where orogenic gold has been derived during greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism of supracrustal rocks：basaltic rocks in the Precambrian and sedimentary rocks in the ***,if a holistic view is taken,Jiaodong can be considered the key orogenic gold province for a unified model in which gold is derived from late-orogenic metamorphic devolatilization of stalled subduction slabs and oceanic sediments throughout Earth *** latter model satisfies all geological,geochronological,isotopic and geochemical constraints but the precise mechanisms of auriferous fluid release,like many other subduction-related processes,are model-driv

关键词： Jiaodong province orogenic gold Metamorphic fluids Subduction zones Tectonics

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Recognition of two contrasting structural-and mineralogical-gold mineral systems in the Youjiang basin,China-Vietnam:orogenic gold in the south and Carlin-type in the north

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1477-1494页

作者： Lin Yang Jun Deng David IGroves Qingfei Wang Liang Zhang Wei Wu Kai Qin Qizuan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China The Bureau of Geo-exploration Guangxi and Mineral Development Nanning 530023China

The gold deposits in the Youjiang basin,totaling>25 Moz gold,have traditionally been thought to be of Carlin-type,particularly those with extensional structural geometries in the northern basin dominated by platform sedimentary ***,the structural geometries,mineralization styles and alteration types for the Jinya,Gaolong and Nakuang gold deposits in the south-central part of the basin are remarkably similar to those of unequivocal orogenic gold *** studies show that gold mineralization in the three gold deposits was controlled by tight“locked-up”anticlines with NW−SE-to E−W-trending and/or concomitant thrusts and/or shear zones,which resulted from NE−SW-to N–S-trending compression or transpression following the Early Triassic closure of the Paleo-Tethyan *** zones in these deposits are dominated by silicification(quartz),sericitization,sulfidation and *** pyrites in these deposits comprise Au-poor cores and invisible Au-bearing rims with minor external free *** to subhedral auriferous arsenopyrites also contribute to the gold *** features indicate that the three gold deposits are sediment-hosted orogenic gold deposits that contrast markedly with the Carlin-type gold deposits in the northern part of the Youjiang basin in terms of structural geometry and timing,mineralization style and nature of associated *** additional reliable ages using robust methodologies are still required,the older isotopic ages of the gold deposits in the south-central Youjiang basin are also consistent with earlier formation during transpression that predated extension during orogenic collapse,the period of formation of the Carlin-type gold deposits in the northern Youjiang basin.

关键词： Structural geometry orogenic gold Carlin-type gold Youjiang basin

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Geology and fluid inclusion of Wadi Sharis Neoproterozoic orogenic gold deposits in northwestern Yemen

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Global Geology 2011年第1期14卷 21-28页

作者： Moteea A.Al-Shameery SUN Fengyue College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Geological Survey and Mineral Resources Board

The Wadi Sharis orogenic gold deposit in northwestern Yemen is related to the fault and shear zones vein at medium depth in the crust in the Neoprotcrozoic meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanosedimentary succes- sion of greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism. Three distinct fluid inclusion types have been identified in the gold-bearing quartz sulphide veins of the deposit：（1） type I： vapour-liquid two-phase （VH2O-LH2O ）, （2） type II ： three-phase CO2 （ VCO2 - LH2O - LCO2 ） and （3） type III： vapour-rich （LCO2 - VCO2 ） inclusions. Six analysis of individual fluid inclusion indicate the fluid inclusions comprise mainly of H2O and CO2. Forma- tion P-T conditions recorded by fluid inclusions in quartz crystals correspond to 180℃-380℃ and up to 130 MPa, as indicated by high-density CO2 bubbles （up to 0. 98 g/cm3 ） observed in some inclusions. The esti- mated crystallization pressures correspond to approximately 4-10 km of overburden, assuming a lithostatic load. The salinity ranges from 0 to 22 wt%. The deposit holds at 0.2-5 g/t Au and contains low-moderate salinity.

关键词： orogenic gold fluid inclusion Wadi Sharis quartz vein

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The conjunction of factors that lead to formation of giant gold provinces and deposits in non-arc settings

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 303-314页

作者： David I.Groves Richard J.goldfarb M.Santosh Centre for Exploration Targeting UWA State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences U.S.Geological Survey Denver Federal Center Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration Dept. of Earth SciencesUniversity of Adelaide Division of Interdisciplinary Science Faculty of ScienceKochi University

It is quite evident that it is not anomalous metal transport,nor unique depositional conditions,nor any single factor at the deposit scale,that dictates whether a mineral deposit becomes a giant or not.A hierarchical approach thus is required to progressively examine controlling parameters at successively decreasing scales in the total mineral system to understand the location of giant gold deposits in non-arc *** giant orogenic,intrusion-related gold systems（IRGS） and Carlin-type gold deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold（IOCG） deposits,there are common factors among all of these at the lithospheric to crustal *** are sited in giant gold provinces controlled by complex fundamental fault or shear zones that follow craton margins or,in the case of most Phanerozoic orogenic giants,define the primary suture zones between tectonic *** provinces of IRGS,IOCG,and Carlin-type deposits require melting of metasomatized lithosphere beneath craton margins with ascent of hybrid lamprophyric to granitic magmas and associated heat flux to generate the giant *** IRGS and IOCG deposits require direct exsolution of volatile-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids,whereas the association of such melts with Carlin-type ores is more indirect and *** orogenic gold provinces show no direct relationship to such *** from metamorphic fluids,but show an indirect relationship to lamprophyres that reflect the mantle connectivity of controlling first-order *** contrast to their province scale similarities,the different giant gold deposit styles show contrasting critical controls at the district to deposit *** orogenic gold deposits,the giants appear to have formed by conjunction of a greater number of parameters to those that control smaller deposits,with resultant geometrical and lithostratigraphic complexity as a guide to their *** are few giant IRGS due to their inferior fluid-flux systems relative to orogeni

关键词： Giant gold deposits orogenic gold Carlin deposits Iron oxide-copper-gold deposits Intrusion-related gold systems Lithosphere

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The giant Kalgoorlie gold Field revisited

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 359-374页

作者： Noreen Mary Vielreicher David Ian Groves Neal Jesse McNaughton Department of Material Science and Physics University of Salzburg Centre for Exploration Targeting University of Western Australia John de Laeter Centre for Isotope Research Curtin University

The Neoarchaean Kaigoorlie gold Field contains the giant golden Mile and world-class Mt Charlotte deposits,which have been the subject of much research for over 100 *** golden Mile deposit is a complex array of ductile to brittle vein and breccia lodes that are predominantly hosted in the highlyfractionated golden Mile Dolerite *** Fimiston lodes comprise an array of narrow lodes that evolved broadly syn- to late-formation of the regional D2 NW-trending *** lodes are characterized by pyrite veinlets and disseminations,quartz veinlets and breccias,and banded quartz-carbonate veins with sericite,carbonate,and pyrite-dominated *** Green-Leader,or Oroya-style,lodes,with grades in excess of 1000 g/t Au,are similar to the Fimiston-style lodes,but are characterized by abundant visible gold,native tellurium and more abundant telluride minerals within roscoelitebearing alteration *** arguably structurally younger Mt Charlotte-style lodes are characterized by a pipe-shaped,coarse-grained quartz,carbonate and scheelite vein-stockwork with distinct verticallyzoned,carbonate-sericite-albite-pyrite ± pyrrhotite dominant alteration assemblages around veins within Unit 8 of the golden Mile dolerite and porphyry *** network of steep- and gently-dipping extension and shear fracture-fill veins are associated with NE-trending fault se ts that cross cut the regional *** deposit area is intruded by swarms of porphyry dykes,including syn-volcanic mafic dykes,early and volumetrically most significant c.2.67 Ga feldspar-phyric porphyry dykes,as well as later c.2.66-2.65 Ga calc-alkaline hornblende-phyric dykes associated with younger c.2.65-2.64 Ga lamprophyre *** post-volcanic dykes have similar orientations to the Fimiston *** feldspar dykes are clearly overprinted by all styles of mineralization,although the relationship between hornblende-phyric and lamprophyre dykes and gold mineralization is more *** agree

关键词： Kalgoorlie golden Mile Mount Charlotte gold giant orogenic gold Magmatic-hydrothermal gold

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Saqez–Sardasht goldfield,North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone,Iran:A Tectono-Metallogenic Synthesis

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第5期94卷 1693-1710页

作者： Erfan HAJI Hojjatollah SAFARI Behnam SHAFIEI BAFTI Mehdi MOJALLAL Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of KurdistanSanandajIran Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesGolestan UniversityGorganIran

The Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone(SSZ),as the metamorphic-magmatic core of the Zagros Orogen in southwestern Iran,contains several styles of gold deposit of Phanerozoic *** northern SSZ includes an ENE-trending goldfield *** area that encompasses the main orogenic gold deposits,e.g.,Qolqoleh,Kervian,Qabaqhlujeh,and the Barika VMS goldfield,was chosen for this research to study the spatial and temporal relationships between gold mineralization and orogenic *** the rock unit variations,metamorphism,magmatism and the settings of the structures,the study area is divided into four distinct tectonic blocks,separated by three main NW-trending thrust faults(suture lines)including,from NE to SW,the Tamugheh,the Ebrahim Hesar and the Zagros main thrust(ZMT)*** area between the Tamugheh and Ebrahim Hesar faults is a tectonized/uplifted basement of accretionary wedge-originated thrust slivers,hosting the above orogenic gold *** other area between the here termed Ebrahim Hesar fault and the ZMT is an island-arc basin,proposed here as the Sardasht–Barika zone,including the only recognized massive sulfide gold district all over the SSZ,named *** Barika goldfield was metamorphosed,deformed and enriched due to the islandarc collision to the Arabian continent,before the closure of Neotethys on the eastern flank.

关键词： tectonic evolution massive sulfide gold orogenic gold Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone Saqez-Sardasht Zone Sardasht-Barika Island Arc

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Structural Pattern Related to gold Mineralization in the Essakane Area (Northern Burkina Faso, West African Craton)

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第9期14卷 855-879页

作者： Marc Desire Valea Benjamin Sawadogo Kalidou Traoré Urbain Wenmenga Naba Seta Benjamin Allou Laboratoire Gosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Universit Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Essakane Sarl IAMGOLD Corporation Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Godynamique et de Cartographie Universit des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako Bamako Mali

The finite deformation structures recorded in the Essakane area, located in the northeast corner of Burkina Faso, highlight three major compressive deformation phases, successively named D1, D2, and D3. The D1 event phase, trending NE-SW, is characterised by P1 folds and S1 axial plane schistosity. The D2 phase trending NW-SE is characterised by folds P2, schistosity (S2) and shear (C) planes. And the D3 phase trending NNE-SSW to N-S is characterised by P3 folds, crenulation microfolds and S3 spaced schistosity. It has also been noted that gold mineralizations are mainly hosted in quartz, carbonate, pyrite, and arsenopyrite veins. Structural interpretation indicates that these veins are organized into lenticular bodies that were formed during the first two deformation phases (D1 and D2). This suggests a strong structural control typical of orogenic gold concentrations.

关键词： Burkina Faso Essakane Shear Zone Deformation Phases orogenic gold

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Characteristics and genesis of Kanggur gold deposit in the eastern Tianshan mountains,NW China:evidence from geology,isotope distribution and chronology

Characteristics and genesis of Kanggur gold deposit in the e...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者： Lianchang Zhang~(a,*),Yuanchao Shen~a,Jinsheng Ji~b a Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 9825,Beijing 100029,China b Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China

The Kanggur gold deposit lies in East Tianshan mountains,eastern section of Central Asia orogenic *** gold mineralization occurs on the northern margin of the Aqishan-Yamansu island arc in the Tarim *** is mainly hosted in Lower Carboniferous volcanic rocks,and controlled by syn-tectonic intrusions and the ductile shear zone. The host rock is a calc-alkaline volcanic rock series consisting of andesite,dacite,tuff and subvolcanic *** gold ore bodies were distributed in transition zone from strong ductile deformation to weak ***-controlling structure is EW-trending normal brittle-ductile shear *** gold ore bodies are composed of Au-bearing altered rocks and a few Au-bearing sulfide-quartz *** mineralization shows vertical zonation in which Au was enriched in the upper ***-Pb-Zn were enriched in the middle and Au-Cu were enriched in the lower *** to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity,hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones:***. pyrirization and magnetization zone(major ore body);pyrite-phyllic rock and/or sericite alteration zone;and sericite-chlorite alteration *** mineralization stages are identified on the basis of mineral assemblage and crosscutting relationship of veins. TheδS values of sulfide in the ores range from - 0.9‰to + 3.3‰,similar to those of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks (-3.21～+1.3‰),indicating that the sulfur isotope composition is characterized by unfractionated mantle *** lead isotope compositions of ores are between those of the volcanic rocks and subvolcanic *** initial Sr/Sr ratios of the ores vary between 0.7077 and 0.7106,similar to those of the host rocks(0.7079-0.7125).According to the Sr,S and Pb isotopic data,it is indicated that the ore-forming materials were derived from the surrounding volcanic rocks and feature deep ***δO values of the ore fluids vary from +3.83‰to - 1.77‰c and theδD values

关键词： Isotope Geochronology Shear zone orogenic gold NW China

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