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Reconsideration of the origins of the pastoral nomadic economy in the Eurasian Steppe

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第11期65卷 2057-2067页

作者： Jianxin WANG Chen DENG Xiang WAN Central for Silk Road Archaeology Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China School of Culural Heritage Northwest UniversityXi'an710127China Institute of Silk Road Studies Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China

Archaeological discoveries indicate that a variety of economic models have operated in the inland areas of *** of these models,pastoral nomadism,differs from agriculture,agro-pastoral,and settled pastoralism in terms of cattle-breeding,cultivation and *** nomadism is a livestock-breeding management mode of production,in which the stock is fed by uninterrupted moving in a large geographical *** Eurasian Steppe,which includes the cold forest-steppe area in the north and the semi-arid desert-steppe in the south,is the major region in which the ancient nomadic population *** of the absence of both intrinsic motivation and external pressure for the transition to pastoral nomadism,early animal husbandry economy in the forest-steppe area could not have developed into the initial pastoral nomadic economy;instead,the pastoral nomadic economy emerged from the agro-pastoral economy in the semi-arid *** agro-pastoral people were forced to minimize the scale of agriculture and sedentary pastoralism and to turn to a nomadic lifestyle,with the internal cause being a shortage of feed resources caused by expansion of the human population and livestock,with the added external pressure of climatic and environmental *** archaeological findings,the eastern Tianshan area in Xinjiang,China,was a major region for the emergence of the early pastoral nomadic *** main evidence for this conclusion is a series of pastoral nomadic settlement sites in the northern and southern piedmonts of the Tianshan Mountains,which display settlement conditions,resources and environments entirely different from those of agricultural and agro-pastoral settlements elsewhere.

关键词： Eurasian Steppe origins of pastoral nomadic economy Semi-arid desert-steppe Eastern Tianshan Mountains nomadic settlements

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