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Disposal of waste-based fuels and raw materials in cement plants in Germany and Switzerland e What can be learned for global coincineration practice and policy?

引用

Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 93-102页

作者： Josef Waltisberg Roland Weber Waltisberg Consulting 5113HolderbankSwitzerland POPs Environmental Consulting 73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

The limit value for emissions of total organic carbon(TOC)for incinerators in the European Union(EU)is 10 mg/***,clinker burning is a material conversion process during which TOC emissions from the fuels occur concurrently with the thermal decomposition of organic material from the raw material mixture(limestone,marl,shale,etc.)in the preheater,which alone can emit more than 10 mg/***,the German legislature has created an exemption that allows authorities to set higher limit values for cement kilns if the cause of the higher emissions is the natural raw material mixture and not the co-incinerated *** the effects requires a test to determine the baseline emission of the natural raw material or waste raw *** until now,these tests were only used internally by *** applying such tests,the emissions from the fuels,particularly from waste-based fuels,can be determined,restricted and *** emissions from natural materials cannot be *** Switzerland and Germany these emissions are on average around 20e35 mg/*** has recently set a high TOC limit value of 80 mg/m3 for cement kilns,independent of the source of organic emissions,and even allows the use of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)contaminated soils as raw material(up to 10 mg/kg).This limit is too high and can result in unnecessary emissions of carcinogenic benzene,PCBs and other *** the natural raw materials and waste raw materials emit organic ***,there is one major *** natural raw materials emit mostly aliphatic compounds at temperatures up to about 600C,whereas the organic compounds originating from waste-based raw material components can include hazardous pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which desorb in the preheater and are released into the ***,waste raw materials such as soils contaminated with POPs or other semivolatile toxic chemical

关键词： Cement kiln Co-incineration organic emissions PCDD/PCDF HCB Regulation Expulsion test

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