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Level of Bacteriological and Physicochemical pollution of Surface Waters in Rural Area: The Case of Mbankomo Municipality (Center Region, Cameroon)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 173-188页

作者： Vanelle Lontchi Segnou Blandine Pulchérie Tamatcho Kweyang Ernest Koji Siméon Tchakonte Murielle Patricia Mabou Tokam Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti Fils Mamert Onana Ornella Eunice Wandji Kweya Antoine Tamsa Arfao Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Microbiology University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Sciences Yaounde Cameroon Natural Resources and Environmental Management Unit Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Hydrobiology and Environment Laboratory University of Yaounde 1 Faculty of Sciences Yaounde Cameroon Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Management Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratoire d’Application et d’Analyses Médicales Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé et du Management de Garoua Garoua Cameroun

A study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water was therefore carried out in a few watercourses in the municipality of Mbankomo, located in the Center Region (Cameroon). The physico-chemical parameters were measured according to the standard method. The organic pollution index (OPI) was determined from the contents of nitrates, phosphates, and ammoniacal nitrogen to characterize the level of organic pollution of the water. The microorganisms sought were total flora, indicators of faecal contamination like total coliforms, faecal coliforms, feacal streptococci and Escherichia coli, as well as the species Clostridium perfringens. The organic pollution index indicates a high-level organic pollution level during the small rainy season and high to moderate during the small dry season. High concentrations of the total and fecal coliforms, streptococci fecal, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens respectively of 1712 × 105 CFU/100mL;82 × 105 CFU/100mL;10 × 105 CFU/100mL;27 × 105 and 40 × 103 CFU/100mL, all higher than WHO standards, indicate that the waterways of Mbankomo are subject to feacal pollution and harbor pathogenic microflora. The cell densities of main bacteria were significantly correlated with main abiotic parameters, such as Escherichia coli, which was significantly correlated with the pH of the water (r = 0.35;p organic pollution index category means correspond to a high level of organic pollution during the small rainy season and a high to moderate level during the small dry season. The deterioration of the quality of these waters is favored by their proximity to sources of pollution (toilets, plantation), the runoff of the waters contaminated, the use of detergents and wrong maintenance. These waters without any treatment are not recommendable for human consumption according to standards of the World Health Organization.

关键词： Bacteriological Quality Physicochemical Parameters Surface Waters organic pollution index

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