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Real-time monitoring of the lithiation process in organic electrode 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane by in situ EPR

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 9-15页

作者： Mingxue Tang Nhat N.Bui Jin Zheng Likai Song Yan-Yan Hu Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University32306 TallahasseeUSA National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive32310 TallahasseeUSA

organic electrodes are advantageous for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacities, diverse functionalities, and environmental compatibility. Understanding the working mechanism of organic electrodes is vital to strategic materials design. However, due to lack of suitable characterization tools, it has been challenging to probe the reaction processes of organic electrodes in real-time. Here, non-destructive in situ electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) was performed on a model organic electrode, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(TCNQ) used in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries,to directly follow the redox reactions in real-time. In order to minimize interfering signals from other parts of the batteries than the TCNQ electrode of interest, two sets of batteries are fabricated and studied with in situ EPR:(1) a Li CoO_(2)//Li_(4)Ti_5O_(12) full-cell battery to determine the EPR signal evolution of additives and electrolytes;(2) a Li CoO_(2)//TCNQ battery, and the difference in the observed EPR signals reflects purely the redox reactions of TCNQ upon lithiation and delithiation. A two-electron reversible redox reaction is delineated for TCNQ. TCNQ dimers form during the first electron injection upon lithiation and followed by the break-down of the dimers and associated electron coupling to produce massive delocalized electrons, resulting in increased EPR signal during the 2 nd electron injection. Reversible trends are observed during electron ejection upon delithiation. In situ EPR is very sensitive to electron activities,thus is a powerful tool to follow redox reactions of organic electrodes, allowing for improved fundamental understanding of how organic electrodes work and for informed design of high-performance organic materials for energy storage.

关键词： organic electrode In situ EPR Rechargeable batteries 7 7 8 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane

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Imine-Rich Poly(o-phenylenediamine) as High-Capacity Trifunctional organic electrode for Alkali-Ion Batteries

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CCS Chemistry 2019年第4期1卷 365-372页

作者： Tao Sun Zong-Jun Li Xu Yang Sai Wang Yun-Hai Zhu Xin-Bo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

Alkali-ion batteries,including potassium-ion batter-ies,lithium-ion batteries,and sodium-ion batteries are important energy storage devices;however,with the cation size increased,there exists a great challenge for an inorganic electrode material to accommodate the different properties of the ***,as a proof-of-concept experiment,an imine-rich poly(o-phenylenediamine)(PoPD)is syn-thesized through a rational controllable *** to the abundance of active sites and ladder-conjugated structure,PoPD in the optimized oxida-tion state endows alkali-ion batteries with a stable cyclability at high *** highly reversible redox performance of PoPD with alkali-ions is verified by theoretical calculations and demonstrat-ed as a trifunctional electrode material(537 and 307 mAh·g^(−1) for Li and Na storage capacity after 300 cycles,respectively),especially for successful application in potassium storage(450 mAh·g^(−1) after 205 cycles),and provides compelling evidence for the wide application of organic electrode materials.

关键词： potassium-ion batteries organic electrode poly(o-phenylenediamine) lithium-ion batteries sodium-ion batteries

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Hydrothermal synthesis of polyimide-linked covalent organic frameworks towards ultrafast and stable cathodic sodium storage

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1300-1310页

作者： Xiya Yang Lei Gong Zhixin Liu Qianjun Zhi Baoqiu Yu Xin Chen Kang Wang Xiaofeng Li Dongdong Qi Jianzhuang Jiang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of organic-Inorganic Composites College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Redox-active organic materials are capturing growing attention as cathode materials for sustainable alkaline metal ion ***,the storage of Na+in most organic materials-based cathodes is plagued by low capacity and unsatisfying rate performance due to their low active site densities and limited exposed active ***,two polyimide-linked covalent organic frameworks(COFs),namely HATN-PD-COF and HATN-TAB-COF,were fabricated from hydrothermal synthesis with redoxactive triphenylene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxylic acid and aromatic amines as starting *** X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis indicate the high crystalline nature of these COFs with AA stacking configuration and orderly mesoporous tunnel.N_(2) sorption measurement discloses the permanent porosity of these two COFs with a Brunauer-EmmettTeller surface area of 1,065-1,200 m^(2)g^(-1)and a large pore size of 2.0-3.1 *** intermittent titration technique and density functional theory calculations reveal the facile Na+ion diffusion along the mesoporous tunnel of these COFs with a small energy barrier of 0.13-0.40 e *** particular,the as-prepared COFs based-cathodes show ultrafast and stable Na+storage associated with their conjugated electronic structure,highly ordered mesoporous tunnel,robust structure,and redox-active C=N/C=O-rich framework as exemplified by the high reversible capacity of 210 m A h g^(-1)at 200 m A g^(-1),record-high rate performance(195 m A h g^(-1)at a high current density of 10,000 m A g^(-1))among organic electrodes and the capacity retention of nearly 91%at 10,000 m A g^(-1)after 7,000 cycles for HATN-PD-COF.

关键词： covalent organic framework sodium ion battery cathode high rate organic electrode

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通过引入天然氨基酸基团来设计高容量、长寿命钠离子电池用有机分子电极

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Science China Materials 2023年第10期66卷 3817-3826页

作者：张世从赵晓琳李涛刘建军黄富强林天全 School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of High-performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study(ZIAS) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201210China

有机电极具有结构可设计性强、容量大、可容纳大离子等优点.然而,在钠离子电池中,有机电极材料的容量仍然很低,且其在有机电解质中的高溶解度导致其寿命较短.如何通过化合物设计来提高其性能一直是研究人员关注的问题.本研究通过简单方... 详细信息

有机电极具有结构可设计性强、容量大、可容纳大离子等优点.然而,在钠离子电池中,有机电极材料的容量仍然很低,且其在有机电解质中的高溶解度导致其寿命较短.如何通过化合物设计来提高其性能一直是研究人员关注的问题.本研究通过简单方法将氨基酸接枝到有机化合物上,提高了其容量和循环稳定性.首先,氨基酸之间的氢键使其形成更稳定的层状结构;氨基酸基团在有机电极材料和羧甲基纤维素粘合剂之间形成分子间相互作用,降低界面阻力,显著提高循环稳定性,使得钠离子电池循环次数超过2000次.其次,实验和计算结果表明,氨基酸基团提供了Na^(+)转运途径和额外的可逆存储位点,从而提高了比容量(~300 mA h g^(-1)).本策略可以启发未来钠离子电池的有机分子设计.

关键词： organic electrode amino acid groups sodium-ion battery

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High-performance lithium-ion batteries based on polymer/graphene hybrid cathode material

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中国科学:化学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2683-2689页

作者： Yang Zhao Minghan Ni Nuo Xu Chenxi Li Yanfeng Ma Hongtao Zhang Yongsheng Chen The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(RECAST) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

organic and carbon-based lithium-ion batteries possess abundant resources,nontoxicity,environmental friendliness,and high performance,and they have been widely studied in the past ***,it remains a challenge to construct such batteries with high capacity,high cycling stability,and high conductivity ***,we elaborately design and integrate organic polymer(p-FcPZ) with graphene network to create a hybrid material(p-FcPZ@G) for high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The bi-polar polymer p-FcPZ containing multiple redox-active sites endows p-FcPZ@G with both remarkable cycling stability and high *** porous conductive graphene network with a large surface area facilitates rapid ions/electrons transportation,resulting in superior rate ***,the half-cell based on p-FcPZ@G cathode exhibits simultaneously high capacity(~250 mA h g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1)),excellent cycling stability(retention of 99.999% per cycle for 10,000 cycles at 2,000 mA g^(-1)) and superior rate ***,the graphene-based full cell assembled with p-FcPZ@G cathode and graphene anode also demonstrates comprehensively high electrochemical performance.

关键词： lithium-ion batteries organic electrode graphene hybrid material high performance full cells

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Extraordinary Ultrahigh-Capacity and Long Cycle Life Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Perylene Polyimide Composites

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能源与环境材料（英文） 2023年第6期6卷 199-226页

作者： Michael Ruby Raj Jungwon Yun Dong-kyu Son Gibaek Lee Advanced Energy Materials Design Lab School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University38541Gyeongsan-siKorea William G.Lowrie Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH 43210USA

Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)is widely used in organic metal-ion batteries owing to its high porosity,facile synthesis,stability,and high-rate ***,pristine g-C3N4 nanosheets exhibit poor electrical conductivity,irreversible metal-ion storage capacity,and short-term cycling owing to their high concentration of graphitic-N ***,a series of 3,4:9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide-coupled g-C3N4 composite anode materials,CN-PIx(x=0.2,0.5,0.75,and 1),was investigated,which exhibited an unusually high surface nitrogen content(23.19-39.92 at.％)and the highest pyridinic-N,pyrrolic-N,and graphitic-N contents reported to *** CN-PI1 anode delivers an unprecedented and continuously increasing ultrahigh discharging capacity of exceeding 8400 mAh g-1(1.96 mWh cm-2)at 100 mA g-1 with high specific energy density(Esp)of～7700 Wh kg-1 and the volumetric energy density(Ev)of～14956 Wh L-1 and an excellent long-term stability(414 mAh g-1 or 0.579 mWh cm-2 at 1 A g-1).Furthermore,the activation of the CN-PIx electrodes contributes to their superior electrochemical performance,resulting from the fact that the Li+is not only stored in the CN-PIx composites but also CN-PIx activated the Li0 adlayer on the CN-PI1-Cu heterojunction as an SEI layer to avoid the direct contact of Lio phase and the *** CN-PI1 full cell with LiCoO2 as the cathode delivers a discharge capacity of～587 mAh g-1 at a 1 A g-1 after 250 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency nearly 99％.This study provides a strategy to develop N-doped g-C3N4-based anode materials for realizing long-lasting energy storage devices.

关键词： graphitic carbon nitride lithium-ion batteries organic electrode perylene polyimide semiconductor–metal heterojunction

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Nanostructured strategies towards boosting organic lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第3期30卷 179-193页

作者： Yujing Liu Guoyuan Sun Xiaohan Cai Fan Yang Cong Ma Min Xue Xinyong Tao College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014ZhejiangChina

Pursuing material development for next-generation batteries,organic electrode materials have shown great potential for lithium-ion ***,their widespread adopting is plagued by intrinsic problems such as poor electronic conductivity,high dissolution inside electrolytes and unstable chemical ***,nanostructured-strategies promoted organic electrodes with exotic properties for enhancing electron and ion transport together with the stability during electrochemical process,have received increasing attention and have been extensive applied in boosting the organic lithium-ion based energy *** this review,we summarize the applications of nanostructures to improve the performance of both organic anodes and cathodes,including(i)nanoscale design of zero-dimensional organic electrode materials,(ii)strategies of one-dimensional nanostructured organic electrode materials,(iii)construction of two-dimensional nanosized organic composite electrodes,and(iv)three-dimensional exploration of nanosized organic *** hope to stimulate high-quality applied research on understanding and handling the relationship between the nanostructure and performance of organic lithium-ion batteries that might speed up the commercialization of organic lithium ion batteries.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Nanostructure organic electrode

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Carbon nanotube-hyperbranched polymer core-shell nanowires with highly accessible redox-active sites for fast-charge organic lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 30-36,I0002页

作者： Zhonghui Sun Meng Shu Jiabin Li Bing Liu Hongyan Yao Shaowei Guan Zhenhua Sun National&Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer Key Laboratory of High Performance PlasticsMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012JilinChina Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina

organic electrode materials are promising for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) because of their environmental friendliness and structural ***,they always suffer from limited capacity,poor cycling stability,and rate ***,hexaazatrinaphthalene-based azo-linked hyperbranched polymer(HAHP) is designed and synthesized as a cathode for ***,the densely stacked morphology lowers the chance of the active sites participating in the redox *** address this issue,the singlewalled carbon nanotube(SWCNT) template is used to induce the growth of nanosized HAHP on the surface of *** HAHP@SWCNT nanocomposites have porous structures and highly accessible active ***,the strong π-π interaction between HAHP and highly conductive SWCNTs effectively endows the HAHP@SWCNT nanocomposites with improved cycling stability and fast charge-discharge *** a result,the HAHP@SWCNT nanocomposite cathode shows a high specific capacity(320.4 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1)),excellent cycling stability(800 cycles;290 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1),capacity retained 91%) and outstanding rate performance(235 mA h g^(-1)at 2000 mA g^(-1),76% capacity retention versus 50 mA g^(-1)).This work provides a strategy to combine the macromolecular structural design and micromorphology control of electrode materials for obtaining organic polymer cathodes for high-performance LIBs.

关键词： organic electrode organic lithium batteries Core-shell nanowire Hexaazatrinaphthylene Polymer electrode materials

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Dicarboxylate CaC8H4O4 as a high-performance anode for Li-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 523-532页

作者： Liping Wang Haiquan Zhang Chengxu Mou Qianling Cui Qijiu Deng Jing Xue Xinyi Dai Jingze Li State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Currently, many organic materials are being considered as electrode materials and display good electrochemical behavior. However, the most critical issues related to the wide use of organic electrodes are their low thermal stability and poor cycling performance due to their high solubility in electrolytes. Focusing on one of the most conventional carboxylate organic materials, namely lithium terephthalate Li2CsH4O4, we tackle these typical disadvantages via modifying its molecular structure by cation substitution. CaCsH4O4 and A12（C8H4O4）3 are prepared via a facile cation exchange reaction. Of these, CaCsH4O4 presents the best cycling performance with thermal stability up to 570℃ and capacity of 399 mA.h.g-1, without any capacity decay in the voltage window of 0.005-3.0 V. The molecular, crystal structure, and morphology of CaCsH4O4 are retained during cycling. This cation-substitution strategy brings new perspectives in the synthesis of new materials as well as broadening the applications of organic materials in Li/Na-ion batteries.

关键词： calcium terephthalate carboxylate Li-ion batteries organic electrode

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Recent Progress and Design Principles for Rechargeable Lithium organic Batteries

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2022年第4期5卷 190-221页

作者： Xiudong Chen Xiaojie Yin Junaid Aslam Weiwei Sun Yong Wang Department of Chemical Engineering School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University99 Shangda RoadShanghai 200444China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiujiang University551 Qianjin East RoadJiujiang 332005JiangxiChina School of Chemistry and Material Engineering Chaohu University1 Bantang RoadChaohu 238000AnhuiChina

The most commonly used electrode materials in lithium organic batteries(LOBs)are redox-active organic materials,which have the advantages of low cost,environmental safety,and adjustable *** the use of organic materials as electrodes in LOBs has been reported,these materials have not attained the same recognition as inorganic electrode materials,mainly due to their slight electronic conductivity and possible solubility in organic electrolytes,resulting in a low reversible ***,over the past 10 years,organic materials have achieved outstanding results when used as battery electrodes,and an increasing number of researchers have realized their *** review summarizes the recent progress in organic electrodes for use in rechargeable *** classifying Li-storage mechanisms with various functional organic groups and designing molecules for next-generation advanced lithium organic systems,we attempt to analyze the working principle and the effect of various organic functionalities on electrochemical performance,to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of various organic molecules and to propose possible design principles and development trends for future *** addition,we highlight the recently reported two-dimensional covalent organic framework that is unique in its extensiveπconjugated structure and Li-storage mechanisms based on benzene and N-containing rings;this framework is considered to be the most promising alternative to metal-based electrode materials with comparable large reversible capacities and long cycle lives.

关键词： Lithium organic batteries Li-storage mechanism organic electrode organic functional group Redox mechanism

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