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Tectonic and climatic controls for fluvial terraces of the Yellow River over the past 2.6 Ma at Northeast Tibetan Plateau and ordos block

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第8期20卷 2164-2180页

作者： GUO Xiao-hua FORMAN Steven WANG Yuan-yuan ZHANG Yu-feng LIU Xin-yu Qingdao Technical College QingdaoShandong 266555China Department of Geosciences Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place#97354WacoTX 76798USA

The Yellow River is usually assumed to record tectonic activities and climatic changes;however,a systematic study was lack in the sedimentology,stratigraphy,geomorphology and geochronology for the entire Yellow River though various geologic scholars have conducted numerous works in individual *** review focused on well-preserved fluvial terrace sequences that formed along this river on northeastern(NE)Tibetan Plateau and ordos block over the past 2.6 *** comparing numerous initial incision ages at different segments along the Yellow River,we found out that the youngest initial incision may occur at ca.150 ka at the Longyang *** Yellow River may transit from multiple separated endorheic drainages to an entire external drainage after 150 ka,which may cause differentiations in the apparent incision rates before and after 150 ka;thus apparent net incision rates were calculated respectively for the Yellow River before 150 ka and the drainage network post 150 *** net incision rates prior to 0.15 Ma were calculated as 0.15,0.29,0.10,0.12 and 0.03 mm/a respectively in Tongde-Xunhua,Lanzhou-Linxia basins,Heishan,Jinshan and Fenwei-Sanmen Gorges in this review,which mainly reflected Kunhuang-Gonghe Tectonic Event,generated by the Indo-Asian collision and diminishing as the NE Tibetan Plateau eastward extruding at ca.1.8-0.15 *** net incision rates post 0.15 Ma were calculated respectively for NE Tibetan Plateau and ordos block,considering their different base *** NE Tibetan Plateau,four fluvial degradational phases were identified between ca.105~70,53~40,25~16 and 12~6 ka associated with terrace levels respectively,at average elevations of 96,40,20 and 10.5 meters above the current river level(m arl)within a range of 5~96 m arl;and four broad periods in the last 150 ka on ordos block:possibly marine oxygen isotope stage(MIS)5,ca.118 to 72 ka,most of MIS 3,ca.44~28 ka,transition from LGM to last deglacial ca.20 to 16 ka,and 4~3 ka at ave

关键词： Yellow River Fluvial terraces Tibetan Plateau ordos block Incision rate

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Segmentations of active normal dip-slip faults around ordos block according to their surface ruptures in historical strong earthquakes

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第5期13卷 552-562页

作者：沈德福江娃利肖振敏谢新生 Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Seismological Bureau Beijing China

From the results of researches of active faults in resent years, a correlation analysis between segments of the faults according to surface ruptures in nine historical strong earthquakes occurring in downfaulted system and active structures around ordos block is conducted in paper. The result shows that there is a good correlation between them, except few individual data that have more uncertain parameters. It shows that intensity and segments of surface ruptures in these strong earthquakes are intrinsically related with the active structures. These strong earthquakes produced stable and unstable rupture boundaries of characteristic-earthquake type and successive occurrence of strong earthquakes on the different boundary faults in the same tectonic unit.

关键词： surface rupture fault segmentation historical strong earthquakes normal dip-slip faults ordos block

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Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography

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Earthquake Science 2010年第5期23卷 465-476页

作者： Yong Zheng Yingjie Yang Michael H. Ritzwoller Xiufen Zheng Xiong Xiong Zuning Li Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO 80303 USA Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China

We apply ambient noise tomography to significant seismic data resources in a region including the northeastern Tibetan plateau, the ordos block and the Sichuan basin. The seismic data come from about 160 stations of the provincial broadband digital seismograph networks of China. Ambient noise cross-correlations are performed on the data recorded between 2007 and 2009 and high quality inter-station Rayleigh phase velocity dispersion curves are obtained between periods of 6 s to 35 s. Resulting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps possess a lateral resolution between 100 km and 200 kin. The phase velocities at short periods （〈20 s） are lower in the Sichuan basin, the northwest segment of the ordos block and the Weihe graben, and outline sedimentary deposits. At intermediate and long periods （〉25 s）, strong high velocity anomalies are observed within the ordos block and the Sichuan basin and low phase velocities are imaged in the northeastern Tibetan plateau, reflecting the variation of crustal thickness from the Tibetan plateau to the neighboring regions in the east. Crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave velocities vary strongly between the Tibetan plateau, the Sichuan basin and the ordos block. The ordos block and the Sichuan basin are dominated by high shear wave velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle. There is a triangle-shaped low velocity zone located in the northeastern Tibetan plateau, whose width narrows towards the eastern margin of the plateau. No low velocity zone is apparent beneath the Qinling orogen, suggesting that mass may not be able to flow eastward through the boundary between the ordos block and the Sichuan basin in the crust and uppermost mantle.

关键词： phase velocity ordos block ambient noise tomography crustal structure

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Phase velocity maps of Rayleigh waves in the ordos block and adjacent regions

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Earthquake Science 2018年第5期31卷 234-241页

作者： Shaoxing Hui Wenhua Yan Yifei Xu Liping Fan Hongwu Feng Shaanxi Earthquake Agency Xi'an 710068China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

We analyze continuous waveform data from 257 broadband stations of the portable seismic array deployed under the "China Seismic Array-northern part of NS seismic belt" project as well as data from a permanent seismic network from January 2014 to December 2015. The phase velocity dispersion curve of 7,185 Rayleigh waves is obtained with a method based on the image analysis of phase velocity extraction, and the inversion is obtained. The period of Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution has a range of 5–40 s, and minimum resolution close to 20 km. The results show that the phase velocity structure image well reflects the geological structural characteristics of the crust and uppermost mantle, and that the phase velocity distribution has obvious lateral heterogeneity. The phase velocity of the 5–15 s period is closely linked to the surface layer and sedimentary layer, the low-velocity anomalies correspond to loose sedimentary cover, and the high-velocity anomalies correspond to orogenic belts and uplifts and the boundary between high and low velocity anomalies is consistent with the block boundary. The phase velocity of the 5–15 s period is strongly affected by the crust layer thickness, the northeastern Tibetan plateau has low-velocity anomalies in the middle to lower crust, the west side of the ordos block is consistent with the northeastern Tibetan plateau, which may imply the material exchange and fusion in this area. The velocity variation is inversely related to the Moho depth in the 40 s period of Swave, and the lateral velocity heterogeneity represents the lateral variation of the Moho depth. The ordos block and the northern margin of Sichuan basin are located in the uppermost mantle at this depth, and the depth in the transition zone is still located in the lower crust.

关键词： ordos block ambient noise tomography Rayleigh wave phase velocity

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Crustal structure of northeastern Tibetan plateau and ordos block:Waveform interpretation of the Maqen-Jingbian seismic refraction profile

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Earthquake Science 2009年第4期22卷 365-371页

作者： Fuyun Wang Hong Shang Xiankang Zhang Geophysical Exploration Center China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China

The Maqen-Jingbian wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction experiment was carried out in 1998, which aims at determining detailed structure in the crust and top of the upper mantle and understanding structural relation between the northeastern Tibetan plateau and the ordos block. The 1-D crustal models inferred by waveform inversion show strong variations in crustal structure, which can be classified into four different types： ① an ordos platform with the Proterozoic crust and two high-velocity layers in the northeast section, ② a transitional crust between the northeastern Tibetan plateau and the ordos block across the Haiyuan earthquake zone, ③ the Qilian orogenic zone in the central part, and ④ the Qinling orogenic zone in the southwestern section. The Moho depth increases from -42 km to -62 km from the NE part to the SW part of the profile. The crystalline crust consists of the upper crust and lower crust in northeastern Tibetan plateau. There is an obviously low P-wave velocity layer dipping northeastward, which is 12-13 km thick, at the bottom of the upper crust in Qinling orogenic zone and Haiyuan earthquake zone. The lower crust is characterized by alternating high and low P-wave velocity layers. Beneath ordos block, i.e., the NE part of the profile, the crust shows quite a smooth increase in P-wave ve- locity down to the Moho at a depth of about 42 km.

关键词： crustal structure northeastern Tibetan plateau ordos block waveform interpretation seismic refraction

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Structure of crust and upper mantle beneath the ordos block and the Yinshan Mountains revealed by receiver function analysis

Structure of crust and upper mantle beneath the Ordos Block ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）...

作者： Xiaobo Tian~*,Jiwen Teng,Hongshuang Zhang,Zhongjie Zhang,Yongqian Zhang,Hui Yang,Keke Zhang (phd.Editor) State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.19,Beitucheng Xilu,Chaoyang,Beijing 100029,China

A temporary seismological network of broadband three-component stations has been deployed N-S to investigate the crust and upper mantle structure across the ordos block and the Yinshan Mountains. P wave receiver functions reveal the Moho depth to be about 41 km beneath the central ordos block and down to 45 km beneath the northern ordos block,a slight uplifting to 42-43 km beneath the Hetao Graben,increasing to 47-48 km beneath the Yinshan Mountains and then decreasing to 44 km beneath the northern Yinshan Mountains along the *** the ordos block,the crustal Vp/Vs ratio(about 1.80) south to the Hetao Graben differs from that(about 1.75) beneath the center ordos *** crustal Vp/Vs ratio is significantly lower(about 1.65-1.70) beneath the Yinshan *** P wave receiver function migration imaging suggests relatively flat discontinuities at 410 and 660 km,indicating the lack of a strong thermal anomaly beneath this profile at these depths,and a low S wave velocity anomaly in the upper mantle beneath the Hetao *** suggest that the low S wave velocity anomaly may be attributable to heat and that the thermal softening advances the evolution of the Hetao Graben,while the lower-crustal ductile flows transfer from the Hetao Graben to the northern ordos block,resulting in crustal thickening.

关键词： Receiver function ordos block Yinshan Mountains Hetao Graben Crust and upper mantle Mantle transition zone Lower-crustal ductile flows

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Deep Deformation Processes in the Southern Ningxia Geomorphic Belt: Insight from Two-dimensional Particle-in-cell Finite Difference Numerical Modelling

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第S1期95卷 115-117页

作者： ZHAO Yilin WANG Xianying SHI Wei HOU Guiting Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academic of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 510075China

The deep lateral growth process of the plateau is a hot topic in earth *** the growth boundary zone of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,southern Ningxia geomorphic zone is controlled by four major arcuate fault zones(... 详细信息

关键词： northeastern Tibetan Plateau ordos block southern Ningxia geomorphic belt deep lateral growth processes numerical modeling

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