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Influence on lacustrine source rock by hydrothermal fluid： a case study of the Chang 7 oil shale, southern ordos basin

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第2期37卷 215-227页

作者： Delu Li Rongxi Li Zengwu Zhu Xiaoli Wu Futian Liu Bangsheng Zhao Baoping Wang School of Earth Sciences and Resources Chang'an University Xi'an 710054 China Shaanxi Center of Geological Survey Xi'an 710068 China Yanchang Oilfiled Co. Ltd Yan'an 716000 China

Hydrothermal fluid activity during sedimenta- tion of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the ordos basin and the impact of said activity on formation and preservation conditions of source rocks have received little attention. Oil yield, major element, trace element, rare earth element, and total sulfur （TS） data from the oil shale within the Yanchang are here presented and discussed in the context of hydrothermal influence. Oil shale samples returned relatively high total organic carbon （TOC）, in the range of 4.69%-25.48%. A high correlation between TS and TOC suggests TS in the oil shale is dominated by organic sulfur and affected by organic matter. The low Al/ Si ratio of oil shale samples implies quartz is a major mineralogical component. Si/（Si ＋ Al ＋ Fe） values suggest close proximity of the oil shale to a terrigenous source. δEu; Fe versus Mn versus （Cu ＋ Co ＋ Ni）× 10; and SiO2/（K2O ＋ Na2O） versus MnO/TiO2, Fe/Ti, and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti are evidence of hydrothermal fluid activity during oil shale sedimentation, and δU and U/Th of the oil shale indicate reducing conditions. The Sr/Ba of oil shale samples suggests fresh-water deposition. The high correlations of Fe/Ti and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti with δU, U/Th, and TS demonstrate that hydrothermal fluid activity promotes reducing conditions. Sr/Ba ratios had low correlation with Fe/Ti and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti, implying that hydrothermal fluid activity had little impact （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti, δU, U/Th, and on paleosalinity. Fe/Ti, Cu ＋ Pb ＋ Zn all exhibited high positive correlation coefficients with TOC in oil shale samples, suggesting that more intense hydrothermal fluid activity improves conditions in favor of formation and preservation of organic matter.

关键词： Hydrothermal fluid activity Lacustrine source rock Element geochemistry Chang 7 ordos basin

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Gas expansion caused by formation uplifting and its effects on tight gas accumulation:A case study of Sulige gas field in ordos basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1266-1281页

作者： LI Jun ZHAO Jingzhou WEI Xinshan SHANG Xiaoqing WU Weitao WU Heyuan CHEN Mengna School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China Shanxi Key Lab of Petroleum Accumulation Geology Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Changqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaXi’an 710065China

Gas expansion caused by significant exhumation in the Sulige gas field in the ordos basin since Late Cretaceous and its effects on hydrocarbon accumulation have been investigated systematically based on comprehensive analysis of geochemical,fluid inclusion and production *** results indicate that gas volume expansion since the Late Cretaceous was the driving force for adjustment and secondary charging of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige gas field of the ordos *** gas retained in the source rocks expanded in volume,resulting in gas re-expulsion,migration and secondary charging into reservoirs,while the gas volume expansion in the tight reservoirs caused the increase of gas saturation,gas-bearing area and gas column height,which worked together to increase the gas content of the reservoir and bring about large-scale gas accumulation *** Sulige gas field had experienced a two-stage accumulation process,burial before the end of Early Cretaceous and uplifting since the Late *** the burial stage,natural gas was driven by hydrocarbon generation overpressure to migrate and accumulate,while in the uplifting stage,the gas volume expansion drove internal adjustment inside gas reservoirs and secondary charging to form new *** the whole,the gas reservoir adjustment and secondary charging during uplifting stage is more significant in the eastern gas field than that in the west,which is favorable for forming gas-rich area.

关键词： uplifting erosion and unloading abnormal pressure gas volume expansion adjustment of gas reservoir secondary charging two-stage accumulation Sulige gas field ordos basin

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Origin of gray-green sandstone in ore bed of sandstone type uranium deposit in north ordos basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第Z2期50卷 165-173页

作者： LI ZiYing FANG XiHeng CHEN AnPing OU GuangXi XIAO XinJian SUN Ye LIU ChiYang WANG Yi Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium GeologyBeijing 100029China Geological Party No.208 CNNCBaotou 014010China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium GeologyBeijing 100029China Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development SinopecBeijing 100083China

Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of ordos basin,occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo *** in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green,being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium *** character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology,mineralogy and *** is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation,being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone *** find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit,but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit.

关键词： ordos basin sandstone-type uranium deposit gray-green sandstone oil-gas origin

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High-precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, ordos basin in Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第6期93卷 1823-1834页

作者： ZHU Rukai CUI Jingwei DENG Shenghui LUO Zhong LU Yuanzheng QIU Zhen Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development

The ordos basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the ordos basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.

关键词： ordos basin Chang 7 Member tuff zircon U-Pb dating

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Fossil charcoal from the Middle Jurassic of the ordos basin,China and its paleoatmospheric implications

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 493-502页

作者： Lawrence H. Tanner Xin Wang Alesha C. Morabito Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College Syracuse NY 13214 USA State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 China

The Yah＇an Formation of the ordos basin is a sequence of four members, consisting of si- liciclastic sediments deposited in alluvial, lacustrine and mire settings during the Middle Jurassic. Samples collected from Members Two and Four contain abundant blackened plant material identified through standard analytical techniques as fusain （fossil charcoal）. The occurrence of fusain in fluvial sandstones at multiple horizons in the outcrops, combined with the previously reported high concentra- tion of inertinite in the coals of Member One, indicates that paleowildfire was a common occurrence in the ordos basin during Yan＇an deposition. Sedimentary evidence from Yan＇an outcrops suggests that the paleoclimate was seasonal during deposition of Members Two through Four, which may have contributed to the wildfire frequency. The presence of fusain in the Yah＇an Formation indicates that atmospheric oxygen levels were clearly above the minimum required for sustained combustion during the Middle Jurassic. This conclusion contradicts previous geochemical models for paleoatmospheric composition, but supports more recent studies.

关键词： Fusain Paleoatmospheric oxygen Wildfire ordos basin Yan'an Formation Charcoal

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Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes of Waters in the ordos basin,China:Implications for Recharge of Groundwater in the North of Cretaceous Groundwater basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第1期83卷 103-113页

作者： YANG Yuncheng SHEN Zhaoli WENG Dongguang HOU Guangcai ZHAO Zhenhong WANG Dong PANG Zhonghe Institute of Mineral Resources China Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Xi＇an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Xi＇an 710054 China China Geological Survey Beijing 100011 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Hundreds of precipitation samples collected from meteorological stations in the ordos basin from January 1988 to December 2005 were used to set up a local meteoric water line and to calculate weighted average isotopic compositions of modern precipitation. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, with averages of-7.8‰ and -53.0‰ for δ^18O and δD, respectively, are depleted in winter and rich in spring, and gradually decrease in summer and fall, illustrating that the seasonal effect is considerable. They also show that the isotopic difference between south portion and north portion of the ordos basin are not obvious, and the isotope in the middle portion is normally depleted. The isotope compositions of 32 samples collected from shallow groundwater （less than a depth of 150 m） in desert plateau range from -10.6‰ to -6.0‰ with an average of-8.4‰ for δ^18O and from -85‰ to -46‰ with an average of-63‰ for δD. Most of them are identical with modern precipitation. The isotope compositions of 22 middle and deep groundwaters （greater than a depth of 275 m） fall in ranges from -11.6‰ to -8.8‰ with an average of -10.2‰ for δ^18O and from -89‰ to -63‰ with an average of -76‰ for δD. The average values are significantly less than those of modern precipitation, illustrating that the middle and deep groundwaters were recharged at comparatively lower air temperatures. Primary analysis of ^14C shows that the recharge of the middle and deep groundwaters started at late Pleistocene. The isotopes of 13 lake water samples collected from eight lakes define a local evaporation trend, with a relatively flat slope of 3.77, and show that the lake waters were mainly fed by modern precipitation and shallow groundwater.

关键词： groundwater lake water oxygen and hydrogen isotopes precipitation ordos basin

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Application of Spatial Database in Quantitative Analysis of Litho-Paleogeography—A Case Study of a Middle Ordovician Sequence Interval in the ordos basin

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2011年第1期14卷 27-38页

作者： LI Bin LIAO Feiyan MENG Hao ZHONG Yanchun China University of Petroleum Beijing Campus (CUP) 18 Fuxue Road Beijing China 102249

Abstract In the study of sequence stratigraphy and litho-paleogeography, quantitative analysis, precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data, such as field profiles, logging records and seismic curves from different areas, are the basic requirements. In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result, this paper presents a novel method that combines spatial database analysis with the single-factor mapping technology to establish sequence stratigraphical succession and to map the Ordovician litho-paleogeography of the ordos basin, one of the largest oil-gas bearing basins in North China Platform. By using this method, all of the related basic geological data can be quantitatively analyzed and effectively managed. Various attributes of the basic stratigraphic units and their characters, such as sequence thickness, penecontemporaneous dolostone content, shallow water parget content, and terrigenous material content, can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping. Based on this analysis, this paper has be exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the basin, and finally synthesized multiple factors to reconstruct the litho-paleogeography for each of the sequence intervals. The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits compared with traditional ways. For example, in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence intervals （SQ19 in the Lower Majiagou Formation） of the ordos basin, the authors have successfully developed a mathematical formula to divide the distribution of various facies units substantially, such as old lands, submarine uplifts, supratidal zones, intertidal zones and subtidal zones.

关键词： spatial database single-factor analysis ordos basin Ordovician sequence stratigraphy litho-paleogeography

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Types and microstructures of pores in shales of the Ordovician Wulalike Formation at the western margin of the ordos basin, China

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 100-112页

作者： Wuling Mo Min Wang Fangwen Chen Zhengliang Huang Ying Li Yu Yan Ren Jiang Tong Lin Junfeng Cui Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing100083China China University of Petroleum(East China) QingdaoShangdong266580China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'anShaanxi710018China

Shale samples from the Ordovician Wulalike Formation at the western margin of the ordos basin are studied to define the types, microstructures and connectivity of pores as well as the relationships between the pore structures and gas content of the samples by using experimental techniques such as high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), CO_(2) adsorption, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The results show that the shale has 10 different lithofacies, typical mixed sedimentary characteristics, and poorly developed pores. The reservoir space mainly consists of intercrystalline pores, dissolution pores, intergranular pores, and micro-fissures, with organic pores occasionally visible. The pore size is mostly within 0.4–250 nm range but dominated by micropores and mesopores less than 20 nm, with pore numbers peaking at pore sizes of 0.5 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.82 nm, 3 nm, and 10 nm, respectively. The pores are poorly connected and macropores are rarely seen, which may explain the low porosity and low permeability of the samples. Samples with high content of organic matter and felsic minerals are potential reservoirs for oil and gas with their favorable physical properties and high connectivity. The pores less than 5 nm contribute significantly to the specific surface area and serve as important storage space for adsorbed gas.

关键词： Shale Pore type Microstructure Ordovician ordos basin

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The Chang 7 member of the upper Triassic in the southwest ordos basin:Carbon isotope studay of dispersed organic matter and its paleoclimate significance

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Petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 20-23页

作者： Yang Minghui Liu Chiyang Tang Xuan Zheng Xiaofeng basin ＆ Reservoir Research Center Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Ministry of Education ChinaUniversity of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi＇an 710069 Shaanxi China Department of Energy Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The carbon isotope δ 13C value of dispersed organic matter in the Upper Triassic sediments in the ordos basin is （-24.5 to -26.6） ×10^-3 with the carbon being derived from C3-1ike pleustons. The paleoclimate of the Late Triassic, especially during the deposition of the Chang 7 member, was characterized by a hot and humid climate. It underwent four small climate cycles from humid and warm to humid and hot.

关键词： Paleoclimate stable carbon isotope dispersed organic material Yanchang Formation ordos basin

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Characteristics and exploration targets of Chang 7 shale oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation, ordos basin, NW China

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石油勘探与开发:英文版 2023年第4期50卷 878-893页

作者： GUO Qiheng LI Shixiang JIN Zhenkui ZHOU Xinping LIU Chenglin College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an 710018China

The geological characteristics and enrichment laws of the shale oil in the third submember of the seventh member of Triassic Yanchang Formation(Chang 7_(3)) in the ordos basin were analyzed by using the information of core observations, experiments and logging, and then the exploration potential and orientation of the Chang 7_(3) shale oil were discussed. The research findings are obtained in three aspects. First, two types of shale oil, i.e. migratory-retained and retained, are recognized in Chang 7_(3). The former is slightly better than the latter in quality. The migratory-retained shale oil reservoir is featured with the frequent interbedding and overlapping of silty-sandy laminae caused by sandy debris flow and low-density turbidity current and semi-deep-deep lacustrine organic-rich shale laminae. The retained shale oil reservoir is composed of black shale with frequent occurrence of bedding and micro-laminae. Second, high-quality source rocks provide a large quantity of hydrocarbon-rich high-quality fluids with high potential energy. The source-reservoir pressure difference provides power for oil accumulation in thin interbeds of organic-poor sandstones with good seepage conditions and in felsic lamina, tuffaceous lamina and bedding fractures in shales. Hydrocarbon generation-induced fractures, bedding fractures and microfractures provide high-speed pathways for oil micro-migration. Frequent sandstone interlayers and felsic laminae provide a good space for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation, and also effectively improve the hydrocarbon movability. Third, sand-rich areas around the depression are the main targets for exploring migratory-retained shale oil. Mature deep depression areas are the main targets for exploring retained oil with medium to high maturity. Theoretical research and field application of in-situ conversion in low-mature deep depression areas are the main technical orientations for exploring retained shale oil with low to medium maturity.

关键词： ordos basin Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 7_(3)submember shale oil migratory-retained retained exploration target

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