Herpetospermum caudigerum lignans(HTL), one of the potential drugs with the treatment of anti-hepatitis B virus and hepatoprotective effects, have been limited in clinical applications because of poor saturation sol...
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Herpetospermum caudigerum lignans(HTL), one of the potential drugs with the treatment of anti-hepatitis B virus and hepatoprotective effects, have been limited in clinical applications because of poor saturation solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. Both herpetrione(HPE) and herpetin(HPN) are considered as the most abundant ingredient in HTL and exhibit weak acidity. The purpose of this study was to produce dried preparations of HTL(composed of HPE and HPN) nosuspensions with high redispersibility using lyophilization. The HTL-NS was prepared by utilizing precipitation-combined homogenization technology based on acid-base neutralization reactions, and variously critical formulation and process parameters affecting the characteristics of HTL-NS were optimized. The resultant products were characterized by particle size analysis, SEM, XRD, physical stability, solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. The dried preparations with a mean redispersed particle size of 286 nm was produced by using 4%(w/v) mannitol as cryoprotectants and possessed good physical stability at 4 oC or 25 oC for two months. Meanwhile, in vitro evaluation showed dried preparations could significantly increase saturation solubility and dissolution rate along with improving in vivo Oral bioavailability, when compared with raw drug. This study provides a feasible drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble ingredients with pH-dependent solubility.
<正>Chrysin(5,7-dihydroxyflavone),a natural,widely distributed isoflavone,has diversebioactivities,including antioxidative[1,2],anticancer[3],anxiolytic[4],anti-inflammatory[5,6],anti-diabetic[7],and antiglucosidase characteristics[8].But the Oral bioavailability of chrysinwas not in sufficient quantities to produce any biological effects.In our work,carboxylic wasintroduced to the chrysin by Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction for improving the oralbioavailability of chrysin.
BACKGROUND Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal inhibiting fungal growth by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and exhibits a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile.Erratic absorption pattern with wide fluctua...
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BACKGROUND Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal inhibiting fungal growth by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and exhibits a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile.Erratic absorption pattern with wide fluctuations in blood levels causes inconsistent and unpredictable clinical behaviour of this drug despite its low minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)as compared to other antifungal agents.AIM To compare the Oral bioavailability and bioequivalence of Fixtral SB(supra bioavailable itraconazole)with reference product R2(supra bioavailable 2×50 mg itraconazole).METHODS The study population consisted of 54 healthy volunteers,aged between 18-45 years and randomized to receive a single oral dose of either test[T;Fixtral SB(supra bioavailable itraconazole)100 mg]or reference product(R1;Sporanox 100 mg×2 capsules and R2;Lozanoc capsules 50 mg×2 capsules).Blood samples were taken pre-dose and post-dose up to 96 h.The study evaluated bioequivalence by comparing the Oral bioavailability of the test product with reference product R2.The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug were evaluated by comparing the test product with reference product R1.Pharmacokinetics(PK)-PD comparative analysis[area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)>25]was performed for conventional itraconazole 100 mg and supra bioavailable itraconazole 50 mg.Adverse events(AEs)assessments were performed in each study period and post-study evaluation.RESULTS Statistical analysis of primary PK variables revealed bioequivalence,with confidence intervals being completely inside the acceptance criteria of 80%-125%.The peak concentration levels of itraconazole were achieved at 10 h(T)and 8.5 h(R2),respectively.Pharmacodynamic parameter assessment showed that AUC/MIC for R1 are comparable to Fixtral SB 100mg for MIC levels up to 16mcg/mL(P>0.05 and observed P=0.3196).Six AEs were observed that were mild to moderate in severity and resolved.No severe AE was reported.CONCLUSION Test product itraconazole Capsule 100
The oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs presents a significant challenge to pharmaceutical scientists because of their low solubility in water, which leads to poor Oral bioavailability, high intra- and inter-s...
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The oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs presents a significant challenge to pharmaceutical scientists because of their low solubility in water, which leads to poor Oral bioavailability, high intra- and inter-subject variability and lack of dose proportionality. Thus, for such drugs of biopharmaceutical class II (low solubility and high permeability), the absorption rate and degree from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are controlled and limited by dissolution process. In recent years, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are recognized as a feasible approach to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. However, conventional SEDDS, which are mostly prepared in a liquid form and orally administered in soft or hard gelatin capsules, can make some disadvantages such as high production costs, low drug incompatibility and stability, drugs leakage and precipitation, capsule ageing. Then incorporation of liquid SEDDS into a solid dosage form is compelling and desirable. Recently, a new drug delivery technology-solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS) which combine the advantages of SEDDS and those of solid dosage forms, have been investigated. As a multiple-unit dosage form, pellets have some desired advantages, such as flexibility in designing and developing solid dosage form, reduction of intra- and inter-subject variability of drug dissolution and plasma profiles, hence improvement of the drug safety and efficacy. To prepare pellets, extrusion/ spheronization technique has become popular in pharmaceutical industry because it is easily large-scale, and its products have many features, including spherical shape, narrow modal size distribution, good flow properties, low friability and uniform packing characteristics.
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