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Study on Direct Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate with Heterogeneous Catalytic Reaction (V) Screening Catalysts and Optimizing Synthesis conditions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2003年第5期11卷 526-530页

作者：张光旭吴元欣马沛生田崎峰吴广文李定或王存文 State Key Laboratory of C1 Chemistry and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Department of Chemical Engineering Wuhan Institute of Chemical Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Chemical Engineering Wuhan Institute of Chemical Technology Wuhan 430074 China State Key Laboratory of C1 Chemistry and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072 China

Pd/LaxPbyMnOz, Pd/C, Pd/molecular sieve and Pd-heteropoly acid catalysts for direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by heterogeneous catalytic reaction were compared and the results of DPC synthesis indicated that the catalyst Pd/LaxPbyMnOz had higher activity. The Pd/LaxPbyMnOz catalyst and the support was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM, the main phase was *** and the average diameter could be about 25.4nm. The optimuna conditions for synthesis of DPC with Pd/LasPbyMnOz were determined by orthogonal experiments and the experimental results showed that reaction temperature was the first factor of effect on the selectivity and yield of DPC, and the concentration of O2 in gas phase also had significant effect on selectivity of DPC. The optimum reaction conditions were catalyst/phenol mass ratio l to 50, pressure 4.5MPa, volume concentration of O2 25%, reaction temperature 60℃ and reaction time 4 h. The maximum yield and average selectivity could reach 13% and 97% respectively in the batch operation.

关键词： diphenyl carbonate supported catalyst heterogeneous catalytic reaction optimum conditions

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Application of Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate(AOT) /Isooctane Reverse Micellar System in Extraction of Sesame Residue Proteins

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2010年第3期2卷 5-7,11页

作者： CHEN Xue-hong QIN Wei-dong MA Li-hua HUANG Yu-hua College of Food Engineering Xuzhou Institute of Technology Xuzhou 221008 China

[ Objective] To investigate the factors affecting sesame residue protein extraction and find the optimum extraction conditions, [Method ] Sesame residue proteins were extracted with bis（2-ethylhexyl）sulfosuocinate （AOT）/isooctane reverse micellar system. Orthogonal test was used to screen the optimum combination of four factors including sesame residue concentration, pre-extraction pH value, potassium chloride concentration and reverse extraction time. The yield of extracted sesame residue proteins was the indicator to evaluate the efficiency of process. E Result1 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows： sesame residue concentration： 0.06 g/ml; pre-extraction pH value, 3.0; potassium chloride concentration, 1.5 mol/L; and reverse extraction time, 20 min. In the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction rate was up to 86%. [ Coaclusion] Extraction of sesame residue proteins can be well performed with AOT/isooctane reverse micellar system.

关键词： Sesame residue' proteins Reverse micellar system optimum conditions

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Production and Evaluation of Synthetic Carbonated Sand as an Adsorbent Media for Batch Adsorption Process

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第7期2卷 453-463页

作者： Rafa Hashim A1-Suhaili Diheyaa Waj id Abbood Haider Ali Mehdi Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering University of Baghdad Baghdad lraq A Visiting Prof. at the CityCollege of New York New York USA Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering University of Al-Mustansiriya Baghdad Iraq

An attempt was made to improve the adsorption capability of the normal sand to be used as adsorbent for phenol and cadmium This has been done by producing a coated sand media. The coating process was done using emulsion asphalt to convert the normal sand to carbonated sand by using chemical treatment with sulfuric acid. The production process involves mixing of the sand with asphalt and an acid, then subjecting the mix to a heating process. Different mixing ratios, heating temperatures and times （activation times） were tried to obtain the optimum conditions at which the highest removal efficiency is obtained. Three types of acids were tried acetic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. It was found that the sulfuric acid requires the lowest activation time, hence selected for the production. The removal efficiency of the produced media was significantly affected by the temperature, mixing ratio and activation heating time. The results show that, the optimum conditions for the production process are 350 , （1：2：3）（Asphalt/acid/sand） and 52 min for temperature, mixing ratio and activation heating time respectively. The final product was tested and found effective as an adsorbent media for phenol and cadmium. The removal efficiencies of these two pollutants in a batch adsorber were found 82.42% and 86.67%, respectively. The X-R diffraction and FTIR spectra tests had proved this media as an adsorbent.

关键词： Carbonated sand adsorbent media organic and inorganic emulsion asphalt optimum conditions mixing ratio,activation time removal efficiency.

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Optimization of Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Grapefruit Peels

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2015年第6期4卷 34-37页

作者： Wenbo ZHANG Hongrui LI Jiulong XIE Wenquan ZHANG Yongxiang XIONG Wenwen ZHOU College of Animal Science and Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University College of Food Science and Engineering Jiangxi Agricultural University

In this study, pectin was extracted from grapefruit peels with hydrochloric acid and precipitated with 95% ethanol solution and 5% tartaric acid. The physical and chemical properties of pectin obtained were analyzed, including color, texture, degree of esterification, and water solubility. The effects of peel to sol- vent ratio, pH of the solvent, extraction temperature and extraction duration on pectin extraction rate were investigated. On the basis of single-factor experiments, an L9 （34） orthogonal experiment was performed to screen the optimal extraction conditions. According to the results, the optimal combination of technical parame- ters was A1B3 C1 D3, i. e. , solid to liquid ratio 1：40 （g： ml）, pH 2.0, extraction duration 70 rain, extraction temperature 90 ℃. The average pectin extraction rate was 68.60% ; the color of pectin extracted under the optimal conditions varied from milky white to light yellow; the degree of esterification of pectin extracts was 65. 71% ; the extracted pectin exhibited good water solubility. Key words Pomelo peel; Pectin extraction; optimum conditions; Esterification degree; Water solubility

关键词： Pomelo peel Pectin extraction optimum conditions Esterification degree Water solubility

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