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Analyzing the risk of drug abuse for morphine-containing Chinese patent medicines in China

Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第2期26卷 139-146页

作者： Jieying Lin Jingjing Liu Yaning Qi Chunming Wang Department of Sociology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Macao Macao SAR 999078 China State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Maeau Maeau SAR 999078 China Choi Kai Yau College University of Macao Macao SAR 999078 China Shiu Pong College University of Macao Macao SAR 999078 China

Chinese patent medicines（CPMs） are widely used across China, and they are differently administrated from chemical drugs. For traditional reasons, CPMs may contain opium-derived compounds, such as morphine, which may pose the issues of drug abuse and addiction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the present risk of morphine-containing CPMs in causing drug abuse and addiction, based on a questionnaire-based approach and from a medicinal administrative perspective. We chose 76 CPMs containing morphine from government document and set them as the study group, and 10 chemical drugs containing morphine were set as the control group. Because there is no ready-made method, we created an evaluation sheet consisting of five questions to evaluate each drug and generate a risk-value score. Crosstabs analysis using SPSS 15.0 was conducted to obtain the influencing factors. We found that the study group obtained a mean score of 2.04 for the risk value, which was five times of that of the control group. Specifically, no maximum limit of morphine or codeine was set in product quality standards for more than four-fifth of the drugs. Moreover, 46.0% of package inserts failed to show any warning about addiction or prohibition over the long-term use of the drugs. The number of ingredients, as well as the functions of the drugs, was found to correlate with the risk value. Our findings suggested that CPMs were more risky in causing drug abuse and addiction than chemical drugs. Approaches, such as i） controlling the number of ingredients, ii） setting up maximum limit of morphine or codeine in quality standard, iii） providing more information on the package insert of drugs and iv） monitoring the drug containing both morphine and ephedrine, will be effective in reducing the risk of drug abuse and addiction.

关键词： Chinese patent medicines Morphine opium poppy Risk of drug addiction and abuse

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