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From hardware store to hospital:a COVID-19-inspired,cost-effective,open-source,in vivo-validated ventilator for use in resource-scarce regions

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第1期5卷 133-140页

作者： Matthew H.Park Yuanjia Zhu Hanjay Wang Nicholas ATran Jinsuh Jung Michael JPaulsen Annabel M.Imbrie‑Moore Samuel Baker Robert Wilkerson Mateo Marin‑Cuartas Danielle M.Mullis Y.Joseph Woo Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford UniversityFalk Cardiovascular Research Building CV-235300 Pasteur DriveStanfordCA 94305-5407USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Bioengineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Comparative Medicine Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA University Department of Cardiac Surgery Leipzig Heart CenterLeipzigGermany

Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients,and these shortages are especially devastating in developing countries.To help alleviate this strain,we have designed and tested the accessible low-barrier in vivo-validated economical ventilator(ALIVE Vent),a COVID-19-inspired,cost-effective,open-source,in vivo-validated solution made from commercially available components.The ALIVE Vent operates using compressed oxygen and air to drive inspiration,while two solenoid valves ensure one-way flow and precise cycle timing.The device was functionally tested and profiled using a variable resistance and compliance artificial lung and validated in anesthetized large animals.Our functional test results revealed its effective operation under a wide variety of ventilation conditions defined by the American Association of Respiratory Care guidelines for ventilator stockpiling.The large animal test showed that our ventilator performed similarly if not better than a standard ventilator in maintaining optimal ventilation status.The FiO2,respiratory rate,inspiratory to expiratory time ratio,positive-end expiratory pressure,and peak inspiratory pressure were successfully maintained within normal,clinically validated ranges,and the animals were recovered without any complications.In regions with limited access to ventilators,the ALIVE Vent can help alleviate shortages,and we have ensured that all used materials are publicly available.While this pandemic has elucidated enormous global inequalities in healthcare,innovative,cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing socio-economic barriers,such as the ALIVE Vent,can help enable access to prompt healthcare and life saving technology on a global scale and beyond COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Ventilator open-source

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openIFEM:A High Performance Modular open-source Software of the Immersed Finite Element Method for Fluid-Structure Interactions

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第4期119卷 91-124页

作者： Jie Cheng Feimi Yu Lucy T.Zhang Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180USA

We present a high performance modularly-built open-source software-openIFEM.openIFEM is a C++implementation of the modified immersed finite element method(mIFEM)to solve fluid-structure interaction(FSI)problems.This software is modularly built to perform multiple tasks including fluid dynamics(incompressible and slightly compressible fluid models),linear and nonlinear solid mechanics,and fully coupled fluid-structure interactions.Most of open-source software packages are restricted to certain discretization methods;some are under-tested,under-documented,and lack modularity as well as extensibility.openIFEM is designed and built to include a set of generic classes for users to adapt so that any fluid and solid solvers can be coupled through the FSI algorithm.In addition,the package utilizes well-developed and tested libraries.It also comes with standard test cases that serve as software and algorithm validation.The software can be built on cross-platform,i.e.,Linux,Windows,and Mac OS,using CMake.Efficient parallelization is also implemented for high-performance computing for large-sized problems.openIFEM is documented using Doxygen and publicly available to download on GitHub.It is expected to benefit the future development of FSI algorithms and be applied to a variety of FSI applications.

关键词： Immersed finite element method open-source parallelization fluid-structure interaction adaptive mesh refinement

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RepoLike: a multi-feature-based personalized recommendation approach for open-source repositories

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019年第2期20卷 222-237页

作者： Cheng YANG Qiang FAN Tao WANG Gang YIN Xun-hui ZHANG Yue YU Hua-min WANG Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing National University of Defense Technology

With the deep integration of software collaborative development and social networking, social coding represents a new style of software production and creation paradigm. Because of their good flexibility and openness,a large number of external contributors have been attracted to the open-source communities. They are playing a significant role in open-source development. However, the open-source development online is a globalized and distributed cooperative work. If left unsupervised, the contribution process may result in inefficiency. It takes contributors a lot of time to find suitable projects or tasks from thousands of open-source projects in the communities to work on. In this paper, we propose a new approach called "RepoLike," to recommend repositories for developers based on linear combination and learning to rank. It uses the project popularity, technical dependencies among projects, and social connections among developers to measure the correlations between a developer and the given projects. Experimental results show that our approach can achieve over 25% of hit ratio when recommending 20 candidates, meaning that it can recommend closely correlated repositories to social developers.

关键词： Social coding open-source software Personal recommendation GitHub

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Evaluation indicators for open-source software:a review

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 292-315页

作者： Yuhang Zhao Ruigang Liang Xiang Chen Jing Zou SKLOIS Institute of Information EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co.Ltd. Beijing 102209China

In recent years,the widespread applications of open-source software(OSS)have brought great convenience for software developers.However,it is always facing unavoidable security risks,such as open-source code defects and security vulnerabilities.To find out the OSS risks in time,we carry out an empirical study to identify the indicators for evaluating the OSS.To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the OSS assessment,we collect 56 papers from prestigious academic venues(such as IEEE Xplore,ACM Digital Library,DBLP,and Google Scholar)in the past 21 years.During the process of the investigation,we first identify the main concerns for selecting OSS and distill five types of commonly used indicators to assess OSS.We then conduct a comparative analysis to discuss how these indicators are used in each surveyed study and their differences.Moreover,we further undertake a correlation analysis between these indicators and uncover 13 confirmed conclusions and four cases with controversy occurring in these studies.Finally,we discuss several possible applications of these conclusions,which are insightful for the research on OSS and software supply chain.

关键词： open-source Software Evaluation Indicator Correlation Vulnerability License

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An open-source albedo-wand for the measurement of sea ice albedo

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第2期30卷 106-117页

作者： Christian KATLEIN Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung Takuvik Joint International Laboratory Université Laval and CNRS

Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of incident and reflected solar irradiance and describes the ability of a surface to reflect, rather than absorb incident solar shortwave radiation. It is thus a crucial parameter in the climate system, particularly in the polar oceans. Sea ice albedo is a main driver for light transmission into the polar oceans and thus has a high impact on ocean warming, ice melting and marine primary production. During spring and summer, sea ice albedo can exhibit a significant spatial variability caused by meltwater accumulations on the ice. While complex and expensive solutions for albedo measurements are already available, we want to present a simple open-source design that allows for affordable mapping of spatially varying surface albedo on sea ice and beyond. Our solution is based on off-the-shelf components, such as an Arduino microcontroller integrating affordable light sensors, a GPS unit, data recording on memory card and data display into a simple field strengthened unit. We provide example data from two Arctic field deployments showing the capabilities and limitations of this system.

关键词： sea ice albedo spatial variability mapping GPS open-source

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Aerodynamic Simulation of a 2017 F1 Car with open-source CFD Code

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2018年第4期6卷 155-163页

作者： Umberto Ravelli Marco Savini Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of BergamoDalmine 24044Italy

open-wheeled race car aerodynamics is unquestionably challenging insofar as it involves many physical phenomena,such as slender and blunt body aerodynamics,ground effect,vortex management and interaction between different sophisticated aero devices.In the current work,a 2017 F1 car aerodynamics has been investigated from a numerical point of view by using an open-source code.The vehicle project was developed by PERRINN(Copyright.2011—Present PERRINN),an engineering community founded by Nicolas Perrin in 2011.The racing car performance is quantitatively evaluated in terms of drag,downforce,efficiency and front balance.The goals of the present CFD(computational fluid dynamics)-based research are the following:analyzing the capabilities of the open-source software openFOAM in dealing with complex meshes and external aerodynamics calculation,and developing a reliable workflow from CAD(computer aided design)model to the post-processing of the results,in order to meet production demands.

关键词： External aerodynamics open-source CFD 2017 F1 car drag downforce efficiency front balance

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Mapping Spatial Data on the Web Using Free and open-source Tools: A Prototype Implementation

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2014年第1期6卷 30-39页

作者： Sunil Pratap Singh Preetvanti Singh Department of Physics and Computer Science Dayalbagh Educational Institute Agra India

There is a growing need for web-based geographic information systems for easy and fast dissemination, sharing, displaying and processing of spatial information. The tremendous growth in the use of web and open-source geospatial resources has sparked development of web-based spatial applications to address multidisciplinary issues with spatial dimensions. This paper presents the integration of open-source geospatial tools and web technology to visualize and interact with spatial data using web browser. The goal of this paper is to implement a prototype system for web-based mapping by providing step-by-step instructions in order to encourage the eager developers and interested readers to publish their maps on the web with no prior technical experience in map servers. The implementation of mapping prototype shows the utilization of open-source geospatial tools which results in a rapid implementation with minimal or no software input cost.

关键词： open-source Technology Web-Based Mapping Web Technology Geographic Information System Spatial Application

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Building a Web-based EFL Course with open source CMS in Vocational Colleges

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海外英语 2012年第20期 8-12,15页

作者：刘彦臻 Liuzhou City Vocational College

Aiming to solve the existing problems with the Quality Course,an EFL online course is developed with an open source Course Management System(CMS).The principles and strategies of designing and constructing the course are discussed.The process of developing vocational college students'professional and social competence in the web-based environment is ex plored.Research results show the students are satisfied with the web-based EFL course and the teaching.

关键词： web-based EFL course open-source CMS course design

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open-source Hardware Is a Low-Cost Alternative for Scientific Instrumentation and Research

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Modern Instrumentation 2012年第2期1卷 8-20页

作者： Daniel K. Fisher Peter J. Gould US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Olympia USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Stoneville USA

Scientific research requires the collection of data in order to study, monitor, analyze, describe, or understand a particular process or event. Data collection efforts are often a compromise: manual measurements can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in data being collected at a low frequency, while automating the data-collection process can reduce labor requirements and increase the frequency of measurements, but at the cost of added expense of electronic data-collecting instrumentation. Rapid advances in electronic technologies have resulted in a variety of new and inexpensive sensing, monitoring, and control capabilities which offer opportunities for implementation in agricultural and natural-resource research applications. An open source Hardware project called Arduino consists of a programmable microcontroller development platform, expansion capability through add-on boards, and a programming development environment for creating custom microcontroller software. All circuit-board and electronic component specifications, as well as the programming software, are open-source and freely available for anyone to use or modify. Inexpensive sensors and the Arduino development platform were used to develop several inexpensive, automated sensing and datalogging systems for use in agricultural and natural-resources related research projects. Systems were developed and implemented to monitor soil-moisture status of field crops for irrigation scheduling and crop-water use studies, to measure daily evaporation-pan water levels for quantifying evaporative demand, and to monitor environmental parameters under forested conditions. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of automated measurements, and offer guidance for other researchers in developing inexpensive sensing and monitoring systems to further their research.

关键词： open-source Hardware Arduino Microcontrollers Sensors Datalogger

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Survey of Data Value Evaluation Methods Based on open source Scientific and Technological Information

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国际计算机前沿大会会议论文集 2019年第1期 183-185页

作者： Xiaolin Wang Cheng Dong Wen Zeng Zhen Xu Junsheng Zhang Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China Beijing 100038 China

It is important to effectively identify the data value of open source scientific and technological information and to help intelligence analysts select high-value data from a large number of open-source scientific and technological information. The data value evaluation methods of scientific and technological information is proposed in the open source environment. According to the characteristics of the methods, the data value evaluation methods were divided into the following three aspects: research on data value evaluation methods based on information metrology, research on data value evaluation methods based on economic perspective and research on data value assessment methods based on text analysis. For each method, it indicated the main ideas, application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages.

关键词： Data value evaluation open-source scientific and technological information Information metrology Economic perspective Text analysis

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