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Size distribution and chemical characteristics of particles from crop residue Open burning in North China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第11期33卷 66-76页

作者： Tingkun Li Qili Dai Xiaohui Bi Jianhui Wu Yufen Zhang Yinchang Feng State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China.

Crop residue Open burning is an important emission source of ambient particles in China.This study analyzed the particle emission characteristics of crop residue Open burning through combustion experiments with a novel open combustion simulation device using three typical crop straws in north China(corn,wheat,and rice).Particle samples size ranging from 0.006–9.890μm were collected by an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus,a high size-resolution instrument capable of dividing particles into 14 size stages.The size distributions of organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),water-soluble ions,and elements were analyzed,and source chemical profiles were constructed for PM0.1,PM1,PM2.5,and PM10.The number concentration of particles was concentrated in the Aiken nuclei mode(0.006–0.054μm),accounting for 75%of the total number,whereas the mass concentration was concentrated in the accumulation mode(0.054–0.949μm),accounting for 85.43%of the mass loading.OC,EC,Cl−,and K(include total K and water-soluble K)were the major chemical components of the particles,whose mass percentage distributions differed from those of other components.These fivemain components exhibited a bell-shaped size distribution in the 0.006–9.890μm range,whereas the other components exhibited a U-shaped distribution.Among the chemical profiles for PM0.1–PM10,OC was the most important component at 10–30%,followed by EC at 2%–8%.The proportions of K^(+),Cl^(−),and K varied substantially in different experimental groups,ranging from 0–15%,and K+and Cl−were significantly correlated(r=0.878,α=0.000).

关键词： Crop residue Open burning Size distribution Source profile Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus(ELPI+)

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Level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission in the ambient air and residual ash from a typical municipal solid waste Open burning site in Nigeria

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第2期2卷 105-111页

作者： Olusola Adedayo Adesina Adeyinka Olumide Adesina Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Afe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiNigeria Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North CarolinaGreensboroUSA Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Laboratory Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria

Open burning of municipal solid waste(MSW)is a common practice in Nigeria.Emission of compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)in ambient air and ash residues from burning of these wastes pose a great danger to the environment.This study investigated the contribution of Open burning of MSW to the levels of PAHs in ambient air and ash residues from the burning site.Ash samples were obtained from six sampling locations at a MSW burning site.Polyurethane foam passive samplers were used in collecting ambient air samples.Quantification of PAHs was carried out using GC-MS operated in selected ion monitoring mode.The trend of ambient concentration of PAHs was;ΣPAHs AS-A(4.023)>AS-B(3.798)>AS-D(3.468)>AS-C(3.288),while average concentration of PAHs in the ash was 6.12 mg/kg.Concentrations of PAHs in ash samples ranged from 5.69-6.34 mg/kg.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that most of the PAHs in the ambient were from MSW combustion.The results obtained suggest that concerted effort of the government and the relevant stakeholders is required to safeguard the environment and humans from PAH pollution from Open burning of MSW.

关键词： Pahs Open burning Toxicity equivalent PUF Ash

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Influence of rice straw burning on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural county of Taiwan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1200-1207页

作者： Chia-Hsiang Lai Kang-Shin Chen Hsin-Kai Wang Department of Health Safety and Environmental Engineering Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Institute of Environmental Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University

Atmospheric particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） size distribution were measured at Jhu-Shan （a rural site） and Sin-Gang （a town site） in central Taiwan during the rice straw burning and non-burning periods. The concentrations of total PAHs accounting for a roughly 58% （34%） increment in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during non-burning periods. The mass median diameter （MMD） of 0.88-1.21 μm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated the increase in coarse particle number. Chemical mass balance （CMB） receptor model analyses showed that the primary pollution sources at the two sites were similar. However, ricestraw burning emission was specifically identified as a significant source of PAH during burning periods at the two sites. Open burning of rice straws was estimated to contribute approximately 6.3%-24.6% to total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites.

关键词： rice straw Open burning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） receptor mod

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Hazardous metals emissions from e-waste-processing sites in a village in northern Vietnam

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Emerging Contaminants 2018年第1期4卷 11-21页

作者： Natsuyo Uchida Hidenori Matsukami Masayuki Someya Nguyen Minh Tue Le Huu Tuyen Pham Hung Viet Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Go Suzuki Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)16-2 OnogawaTsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection 1-7-5 Shinsuna KotoTokyo136-0075Japan Center for Marine Environmental Studies(CMES) Ehime University2-5 Bunkyo-choMatsuyama790-8577Japan Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development(CETASD) Hanoi University of Science334 Nguyen TraiHanoiViet Nam Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment Graduate School of AgricultureEhime University3-5-7 TarumiMatsuyama790-8566Japan

Inappropriate e-waste-processing operation is a serious issue in developing countries since the early 2000's.Field research was conducted to clarify its influences and diffuse toxic substances in the environment at e-waste-processing sites in a village in northern Vietnam from 2012 to 2014.We investigated surface soil samples collected from e-waste-processing sites,Open burning sites,and rice paddy sites.Sediment samples and water samples were also collected from a river that runs through the village.The hazardous metal concentration in soil and river sediment samples indicated that 7 elements(Ca,Cu,Mo,Ni,Pb,Sn,and Zn)had high concentrations as a result of e-waste-processing.Most notably,Pb and Cu had high concentrations in soil samples(Pb:26e2200 mg/kg,Cu:22e3000 mg/kg).The results of a multivariate analysis indicated that these 7 elements were closely correlated with e-waste-processing.Concentrations of hazardous metals showed an upward trend where e-waste-processing occurred during the 3-year study period,although it was not significant statistically at present.Open burning activity had a great influence on Cu accumulation,and maximum Cu concentrations increased from 340 mg/kg in 2012e3000 mg/kg in 2014 in soil samples from open-burning sites.There were large differences in the dominant hazardous metal depending on the type of e-waste-processing workshop because hazardous metal composition was influenced by the types of e-waste and the processing procedures.It is necessary to avoid e-waste processing in open-air environment to control emissions of hazardous substances.Especially,Open burning should be prohibited.

关键词： E-waste-processing Open burning Soil pollution Hazardous metal

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Comprehensive evaluation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in surface soils and river sediments from e-waste-processing sites in a village in northern Vietnam:Heading towards the environmentally sound management of e-waste

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第2期2卷 98-108页

作者： Go Suzuki Masayuki Someya Hidenori Matsukami Nguyen Minh Tue Natsuyo Uchida Le Huu Tuyen Pham Hung Viet Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Abraham Brouwer Hidetaka Takigami Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)Tsukuba 305-8506Japan Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection 1-7-5 Shinsuna KotoTokyo 136-0075Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo5-1-5 KashiwanohaKashiwa 277-8563Japan Center for Marine Environmental Studies Ehime UniversityMatsuyama 790-8577Japan Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development(CETASD) VNU Hanoi University of Science334 Nguyen TraiHanoiViet Nam Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment Faculty of AgricultureEhime University3-5-7 TarumiMatsuyama 790-8566Japan BioDetection Systems 1098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands

The management of electronic waste(e-waste),which can be a source of both useful materials and toxic substances,depending on the processing method,is important for promoting material cycling.In this study,we used the dioxin-responsive chemical-activated luciferase gene expression(DR-CALUX)assay combined with gas chromatographyehigh-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate the levels of dioxin-like compounds in surface soils and river sediments collected in and around an e-waste-processing village in northern Vietnam.The WHO-TEQs(Toxic equivalents)of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs),coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls(Co-PCBs),and polybrominated dibenzo-pdioxins and dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs)in soils collected in January 2012 ranged from 0.29 to 310 pg/g(median 2.9 pg/g,n=32),and the WHO-TEQs in sediments ranged from 0.96 to 58 pg/g(median 4.4 pg/g,n=8).Dioxin-like activities(CALUX-TEQs[2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent])in soils collected in January 2012,2013,and 2014 ranged fromopen-burning sites and e-waste-processing workshops,and the compounds may be transported from their sources to surrounding areas over the course of several years.Some of the CALUX-TEQs,but not WHO-TEQs,values were higher than the maximum acceptable WHO-TEQs promulgated by various authorities,indicating that all dioxin-like compounds should be evaluated in samples collected from e-waste-processing areas.Our findings suggest that Open burning and open storage of e-waste should be prohibited and that wastewater treatment should be implemented at each workshop to reduce contamination by dioxin-like compounds from e-waste.

关键词： Dioxin Brominated dioxin E-waste Open burning CALUX

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