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International public opinion analysis of four Olympic Games:From 2008 to 2022

Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第3期3卷 252-262页

作者： Kun Jia Yizhen Zhu Yuxin Zhang Feng Liu Jiayin Qi Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Change Management Shanghai University of International Business and EconomicsShanghai 201620China School of Statistics and Information Shanghai University of International Business and EconomicsShanghai 201620China School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention other institutesSchool of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

Since the rapid spread of the COVID-19 worldwide,the pandemic has led to a huge impact on global sporting events.As a major international event,the 2022 Beijing Winter olympics has commonalities with the 2008 Beijing olympics,the 2014 Sochi Winter olympics,and the 2020 Tokyo olympics in terms of international public opinion context and epidemiological background.In this study,over 1 million pieces of UGC(User Generated Contents)in Chinese and English languages were obtained from social media platforms such as Twitter,YouTube,as well as traditional mass media in various countries to compare the differences between the two languages in international public opinion.Using sentiment analysis,this study explores the evolution of international public opinion topics and sentiment differences among the above four Olympic Games.The analysis results show that:1)regardless of traditional mass media or online social media,there is a more obvious tendency of general politicization in the topics of the 2008 Beijing olympics and 2022 Beijing Winter olympics,and extreme emotional remarks of the 2022 Beijing Winter olympics are more frequent;2)in the topic of political opinion involving China,international Chinese public opinion presents more negative sentiment than those in English;3)Among the topics involving COVID-19,the negative level of public opinion in Chinese and English is opposite for the 2020 Tokyo olympics and the 2022 Beijing Winter olympics;4)International public opinion on the topic of sports events is significantly more positive in Chinese than in English;5)YouTube’s Chinese opinion environment is better than English.

关键词： Public opinion Sentiment analysis Olympic Games COVID-19 pandemic Computational affection

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Disease distribution and medical resources during the Beijing 2008 olympic and Paralympic games

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第7期124卷 1031-1036页

作者： LIANG Xue-ya LAN Ling CHEN Wei-na ZHANG Ai-ping LU Chao-ying LU Yan-wei DAI Jian-ping Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 China Department of Endocrinology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 China Capital Institute of Physical Education Beijing 100191 China games Services Department Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of XXIX Olympiad Beijing Organizing Committee for Olympic Games for Short Beijing 100035 China Medical Services Division Beijing Organizing Committee for Olympic Games Beijing Municipal Health Bureau Beijing 100053 China Clinical Statistics and Epidemiology Research Office Beijing Research Institute of Tranmatology and Orthopaedics Beijing 100035 China Department of Radiology Tiantan Hospital Beijing 100050 China

Background Appropriate planning and staffing for medical services at large-scale athletic events is essential to provide for a safe and successful competition. There are few well-documented accounts describing the demand for such services. The present study provided the data from the Beijing 2008 olympics and Paralympics, with a view to provide the guidance for planning future events.

关键词： Olympic Games ParaIympic games disease distribution athletes

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Ambient levels of atmospheric carbonyls in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1348-1356页

作者： Zhu Xu Junfeng Liu Yujie Zhang Peng Liang Yujing Mu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

The measurements of atmospheric carbonyls concentrations in Beijing were conducted from 12 July to 8 October, 2008, covering the periods of the 2008 Olympic Games and Paralympic games. Six carbonyls, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, and hexaldehyde, were identified in all air samples. The total average concentrations of these carbonyls before, during, and after traffic restriction were （48.1 ± 15.2）, （36.6 ± 14.5） and （23.4± 12.3） μg/m^3, respectively. Compared with the period after traffic restriction, the distinct high concentrations of the carbonyls before and during traffic restriction were primarily ascribed to the remarkable contribution of photochemical reactions. With respect to our previous investigation in the summer of 2005, the reductions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone during traffic restriction period were about 64%, 47% and 27%, respectively, indicating that the air cleaning actions adopted by the Chinese government for the two games were efficient. The lowest levels of atmospheric carbonyls and the extremely high composition proportion of acetone after the traffic restriction were mainly attributed to the long-term effect of the control measures for the two games.

关键词： Olympic Games Paralympic games carbonyl compounds traffic restriction photochemical reactions vehicular exhaust

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Size Distributions of Aerosol Sulfates and Nitrates in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games： Impacts of Pollution Control Measures and Regional Transport

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 341-353页

作者： WANG Xinfeng WANG Tao Ravi Kant PATHAK Mattias HALLQUIST GAO Xiaomeit NIE Wei XUE Likun GAO Jian GAO Rui ZHANG Qingzhu WANG Wenxing WANG Shulan CHAI Fahe CHEN Yizhen Environment Research Institute Shandong University Jinan 250100 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 Department of Chemistry University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors （MOUDIs） at urban and downwind rural sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling period, the mass concentrations of fine particles （PMI.s） at the urban and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 p.g m-3, respectively. More than 90% of the sulfates and 60% of nitrates formed as fine particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and primarily in condensation mode during the olympics. The effects of the control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed, the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from the North China Plain.

关键词： size distribution aerosol sulfate nitrate control effect Olympic Games

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Androgenic-anabolic steroids and the Olympic Games

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第3期10卷 384-390页

作者： Kenneth D. Fitch School of Human Movement and Exercise Science Faculty of Life and Health Sciences University of Western AustraliaNedlands 6009 Australia

Androgenic-anabolic steroids （AAS） have been misused by athletes at the Olympic Games, both before and after they were prohibited in sport in 1974. Systematic doping with AAS occurred in the German Democratic Republic （GDR） from 1965 to 1989 which assisted that country to win many medals at Olympic Games, especially in female events. Currently, AAS are the most frequent category of prohibited substances detected in the urine of athletes both globally and at the last two Summer Olympic Games. Scientific confirmation that AAS are effective in enhancing sports performance was difficult because ethical approval was difficult for research involving male subjects taking massive doses of androgens as some athletes and bodybuilders did. Methods to detect AAS have evolved gradually over the past three decades and currently, despite an impressive array of sophisticated analytical equipment and methods, anti-doping authorities and analytical scientists continue to face challenges as have occurred from the use by athletes of designer AAS during the past few years. The future development and use of selective androgen receptor modulators （SARMs） can be anticipated to pose problems in the years ahead. Endocrinologists should be aware that on occasions, replacement testosterone （T） therapy may be authorized in sport as a therapeutic use exemption （TUE） and these circumstances are discussed.

关键词： doping androgenic-anabolic steroids history Olympic Games detection designer steroids therapeutic use exemption

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Stakeholder demands and corporate social responsibility:Evidence from the Olympic Games

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2023年第3期16卷 1-24页

作者： Trung K.Do Henry Hongren Huang Liwei Shan Albert Tsang Li Yu The University of Danang Viet Nam National Central University at Taiwan TaiwanChina Southwestern University of Finance and Economics China Southern University of Science and Technology China Nankai University China

We propose that stakeholder demand can explain firms’corporate social responsibility(CSR)activities and empirically test our proposition using 2002–2016 panel data from multiple countries.We select the Olympic Games as our experimental context and use a difference-in-differences design.We find that firms domiciled in countries that host the Olympic Games subsequently experience a significantly smaller increase in CSR commitment than firms in countries that unsuccessfully bid to host the olympics.We also find that firms domiciled in cities that host the Olympic Games exhibit a significantly smaller increase in CSR than those domiciled in other cities in the same country.Additional tests indicate that firms in host countries with greater increases in the levels of happiness tend to experience an even smaller increase in CSR.Our findings are consistent with the stakeholder demand explanation,as stakeholders are less likely to require local firms to invest in CSR if utilities,such as those from environmental improvement,increase.

关键词： CSR Olympic Games Stakeholder Cross-country Sports

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基于国际体育赛事的城市间联系及城市网络研究——以北京、伦敦、里约热内卢奥运会为例

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第12期31卷 1791-1815页

作者：薛德升欧钰斌 School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

With so many sports becoming increasingly popular,sports have come to play an important role in promoting the process of globalization and formatting the world city network(WCN).Previous studies have constructed the WCN based on the distribution of international sport federations(ISFs)and the sites of international sport events(ISEs),but there is still a lack of systematic research on the intercity connections caused by ISEs.Taking three most recent Olympic Games as cases,this paper explores intercity connections and WCN based on ISEs.The results show that(1)the olympic WCN has city nodes around the world except in Antarctica,and the number and activity values of the cities in host countries may increase intensively during the Olympic Games.(2)A hierarchical city system with four tiers(global central cities,specialized central cities,national central cities and specialized cities)is formed by the intercity connections caused by the Olympic Games.(3)The WCN based on the Olympic Games,is made up of many subnetworks,while many differences occur due to the diverse decisions made by the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games(OCOG),host cities or even host countries in the events associated with sponsorship activity and publicity activity.This study not only broadens the relevant fields of sports culture-oriented WCN research but also explores the instability of the WCN,which makes it an effective reference for WCN research based on ISEs.

关键词： globalization world city network Olympic Games hierarchy

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