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Microvesicles in Gliomas and Medulloblastomas: An Overview

Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第2期5卷 182-191页

作者： Muhammad Nawaz Farah Fatima Bruna Riedo Zanetti Isabela de Lima Martins Nathalia Lopes Schiavotelo Niele Dias Mendes Renata Nacasaki Silvestre Luciano Neder Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Microvesicles (MVs) or shedding membrane vesicles have recently been described as a novel model of intercellular communication. Previously, MVs were considered as unnecessary or secreted cellular debris, but MVs have lately been described as having roles in a variety of biological functions, such as cell homeostasis and the cellular processes involved in the oncogenesis of many types of tumors. Carrying several key molecules that contribute to tumor development and progression, similar to mRNAs, microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs, DNA and even small proteins, MVs can be considered as a ubiquitous form of novel cell communication that is present in most somatic cells. Although tumor-derived MVs have been demonstrated in different types of cancers, the literature data on MVs in primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are relatively scarce. In this review, we address the involvement of MVs in diffuse astrocytomas, particularly glioblastomas, as well as oligodendrogliomas and medulloblastomas. We placed particular focus on the cellular crosstalk between tumor and “normal” cells, the putative mechanisms how the tumor microenvironment is modulated and the spread of aggressive phenotypes. Additionally, a better understanding of the participation of tumor-derived MVs in the regulation of key cancer pathways will offer new insights into tumor pathogenesis and the mechanisms of multidrug resistance, and may help to develop new strategies for novel therapies against these infiltrative CNS tumors.

关键词： Microvesicles Exosomes Microparticles Gliomas Glioblastomas Medulloblastomas oligodendrogliomas Review

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Lobar Distribution of Low Grade Oligodendroglioma: Distribution, Molecular Characteristics, and Survival Based upon Location

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第13期5卷 1249-1258页

作者： Donald A. Ross Shao Tao Sakir Gultekin Amy M. Ross Portland Veterans Medical Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA

Grade II oligodendrogliomas are rare and slow growing tumors, making long-term follow up difficult, but necessary for better understanding. In this retrospective study a review of all grade II oligodendrogliomas encountered in the last 20 years at one institution, was undertaken to determine if specific tumor location and immunohistochemical analysis had any impact on recurrence rate, progression free survival, or life expectancy. Eighty-nine grade II oligodendroglioms cases were reviewed (38 females and 51 males;mean age was 40.3 ± 13.8 years). Tumor location was: frontal lobe (44, 49.4%) and superior frontal gyrus (30, 33.7%). 1p19q data were available in 49 patients. Twenty-nine cases were co-deleted (59.2%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of 1p19q co-deletion between superior frontal gyrus tumors vs. other frontal tumors or extra-frontal tumors (p?= 0.45). Follow up of at least 3 months after diagnosis was available in 79 patients (mean follow up: 93.2 months). In recurrence analysis, recurrence by 1p19q status and recurrence by location revealed no significant differences. In analysis of progression, progression by 1p19q status and progression by location revealed no significant differences. An analysis of deaths for the sample, deaths by 1p19q status and deaths by location revealed no significant differences. There was a higher death rate among patients >50 years of age, however this, too, was not significant.?There did not appear to be any advantage in recurrence rate, progression free survival, or life expectancy for tumors located in the frontal lobe or superior frontal gyrus. 1p19q co-deletion did not appear to confer an advantage as measured by time to recurrence, time to progression, or overall survival. Other than age, eloquent location, Karnofsky status, and overall tumor size as reported by others, tumor location and 1p19q status in low grade oligodendrogliomas are not currently predictive of survival.

关键词： Grade II oligodendrogliomas Frontal Lobe Superior Frontal Gyrus 1p19q Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1

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