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Oleuropein-Specific-β-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits (olea europaea) to Mimed Insect Attack

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第6期7卷 703-712页

作者： Antonia Spadafora Silvia Mazzuca Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta Attilio Parise Enzo Perri Anna Maria Innocenti Laboratorio di Citofisiologia Vegetale Dipartimento di Ecologia Cubo 6b Ponte Bucci Università della Calabria 87030 Rende (CS) Italy C.R.A. Centro di Ricerca per l'Olivicoltura e l'Industria olearia Contrada Li Rocchi 87030 Rende Italy

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ^-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ^-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.

关键词： β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) oleuropein olea europaea Bactrocera oleae infestation cultivar resistance

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Development and Countermeasures of olea europaea Industry in Gansu Province

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2014年第12期15卷 2271-2273,2277页

作者：季元祖甘肃省林业科学研究院甘肃兰州730020

Valleys along Bailong River, Longnan City, Gansu Province are optimal growth region for olive in China, and olive industry has become a local special sup- porting industry, playing a key role in economic advancement and farmer＇s income improvement. The research analyzed development and restriction factors of olive in- dustry, and proposed some countermeasures, which are of significance for olive in- dustry development in Gansu Province.

关键词： Gansu olea europaea Development idea Countermeasures

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A Comparative Experimental Research on the Traditional Cultivation Technology and Intensive Cultivation Technology of olea europaea

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Asian Agricultural Research 2018年第1期10卷 54-58页

作者： Zhengwu ZHANG Institute of Olive Research Longnan Academy of Economic Forest Sciences

In order to improve the intensive cultivation and management technology of olea europaea in the high density orchard,through an analysis on the 3 a growth,yield and orchard construction cost for different varieties and different densities in Gansu Wudu ordinary *** orchard and close *** planting orchard,the appropriate conditions,varieties and density for intensive orchard construction were initially *** results showed that the tree height growth in the ordinary orchard was 119%of the tree height growth in the high density orchard,while the ground diameter growth in the ordinary orchard was 112%of the ground diameter growth in the high density orchard,but the yield in the ordinary orchard was only 62%of the yield in the high density orchard;of the 8 new varieties introduced from Spain,"Arbequina","Arbosana"and"Koroneiki"were the appropriate varieties for the intensive orchard construction;the ratio of the ordinary orchard construction cost to the high density orchard construction cost was 1∶*** high water and fertilizer conditions,the ratio of the ordinary orchard yield to the high density orchard yield was 1∶***,in the flat land area,using the appropriate intensive cultivars,and integrating the high-tech achievements and advanced management tools,can increase output per unit area,and greatly save manpower and land costs,to achieve the purpose of high quality,high yield and stable *** the production practice,it is necessary to vigorously promote the intensive cultivation technology of ***.

关键词： olea europaea Cultivation Experiment

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The nutritional and therapeutic importance of olea europaea-a review

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TMR Integrative Medicine 2023年第30期7卷 1-10页

作者： Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology College of MedicineUniversity of Thi-QarNasiriyah 64001Iraq

olea europaea(Family:oleaceae)is the characteristic fruit tree of the Mediterranean *** oil extracted from the fruit was the essential product,olive oil was used for cooking and as salad *** was preferred for its flavor and beneficial health ***,low grade oil was used in cosmetics,as lubricants and for soap *** parts were traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes,malaria,hypertension,coughs,asthma,lumbago,rheumatism,kidney problems,urinary tract infections,nose bleeding,for eye infections and to relieve sore *** 676 distinct chemical compounds were identified in the olea europaea,they were included(fatty acids,phenolic compounds,alcohols,volatiles,phospholipids,triterpenic acids,sterols,hydrocarbons,sugars,amino acids,tocopherols,pigments,and many other compounds).olea europaea extracts and oil possessed many pharmacological activities included cardiovascular,anti-obesity,antidiabetic,inflammatory,analgesic,antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiparasitic,anti-anticancer,immunomodulatory,respiratory,endocrine,reproductive and protective *** review discussed the contents,pharmacological,nutritional and therapeutic activities of olea europaea.

关键词： olea europaea olive olive oil constituents pharmacology

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“黄金动力素”在油橄榄上的应用试验

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林业科技通讯 2024年第4期 131-133页

作者：王惠明王茜邓煜路丽娟高文兰雍巧宁赵强宏王贵德海光辉刘婷陇南市经济林研究院甘肃陇南746000 陇南市经济林研究院油橄榄研究所甘肃陇南746000

为了验证“黄金动力素”在油橄榄(olea europaea)生产中应用的可能,以‘奇迹’‘豆果’‘小苹果’为试验材料,研究喷施清水对照和浓度为0.333%的“黄金动力素”对油橄榄株高、地径、落果率、果实纵横径、单果质量和单株产量的影响。结... 详细信息

为了验证“黄金动力素”在油橄榄(olea europaea)生产中应用的可能,以‘奇迹’‘豆果’‘小苹果’为试验材料,研究喷施清水对照和浓度为0.333%的“黄金动力素”对油橄榄株高、地径、落果率、果实纵横径、单果质量和单株产量的影响。结果表明,喷施“黄金动力素”可以促进果实生长,提高油橄榄单株产量。在油橄榄的生产过程中,喷施“黄金动力素”可以有效增加油橄榄单果质量及产量,提高效益。

关键词：油橄榄 olea europaea “黄金动力素” 果实

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油橄榄不同品种杂交对坐果率的影响

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林业科技通讯 2024年第7期 92-94页

作者：雍巧宁王贵德张金花陇南市经济林研究院油橄榄研究所甘肃陇南746000 陇南市科学技术情报研究所甘肃陇南746000

选用甘肃陇南8个主栽的油橄榄(olea europaea)品种,通过开展不同品种间的杂交试验,进行人工去雄和授粉,研究油橄榄花器构造及品种间交互授粉对坐果率的影响,统计完全花比率和坐果率,观察其关系。结果表明:油橄榄不完全花多为雌蕊败育,... 详细信息

选用甘肃陇南8个主栽的油橄榄(olea europaea)品种,通过开展不同品种间的杂交试验,进行人工去雄和授粉,研究油橄榄花器构造及品种间交互授粉对坐果率的影响,统计完全花比率和坐果率,观察其关系。结果表明:油橄榄不完全花多为雌蕊败育,无法正常授粉结实;‘奇迹’作为母本与‘戈达尔’‘小苹果’杂交时坐果率为0.28%、89.17%,说明不同品种间的花粉授粉,坐果率差异较大,表明不同品种间亲和性不一,具有选择性;8个品种中自花授粉坐果率最高为5.25%,自然状态下最高为50.25%,表明油橄榄为异花授粉树种或是异花授粉亲和性更强,在自然状态下受天气、品种、树龄、花期等因素的影响,易造成“花而不实”的现象,因此在油橄榄花期应适当进行人工干预授粉,提高坐果率,增加产量。

关键词：油橄榄 olea europaea 杂交完全花比率坐果率

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大理海东油橄榄种植抚育技术

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林业科技通讯 2020年第1期 62-64页

作者：尹继庭苏嗣杰张雁东大理州林业和草原科学研究所

总结出了海东困难立地油橄榄种植及抚育管理技术,油橄榄成活率在92%以上,保存率在90.5%以上。以期为大理海东地区生态修复及大理州油橄榄产业发展提供理论与技术支撑。

关键词：油橄榄 olea europaea 抚育成活率保存率

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不同油橄榄品种叶片表型性状分析

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林业科技通讯 2023年第4期 106-109页

作者：戚建莉吴文俊陈炜青姜成英赵梦炯甘肃省林业科学研究院国家林业草原油橄榄工程技术研究中心兰州730020

为掌握陇南油橄榄(olea europaea)不同品种间叶片表型性状的变异程度和变化规律,以陇南油橄榄叶片为主要研究对象,利用方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法,调查了试验区内9个品种的5个表型性状的变异并进行了分析。研究结果表明:... 详细信息

为掌握陇南油橄榄(olea europaea)不同品种间叶片表型性状的变异程度和变化规律,以陇南油橄榄叶片为主要研究对象,利用方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法,调查了试验区内9个品种的5个表型性状的变异并进行了分析。研究结果表明:不同的叶片特征反映了油橄榄品种间的差异情况,从方差和多重分析比较来看,油橄榄各品种间的叶间距、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数、叶厚存在显著差异(P叶形指数(21.71%)>叶宽(14.76%)>叶厚(13.48%)>叶长(12.30%),说明不同油橄榄在同一栽植区内的变异大,具有广泛的遗传变异基础,尤其是叶间距和叶长在不同品种间变异性较大。根据主成分分析对各项指标进行综合评价,按照不同油橄榄品种的综合得分从高到低排序:‘科拉蒂’(2.147)>‘佛奥’(0.328)>‘配多灵’(0.218)>‘皮削利’(-0.070)>‘皮瓜儿’(-0.082)>‘莱星’(-0.396)>‘城固32’(-0.514)>‘阿斯’(-0.671)>‘鄂植8号’(-0.960)。经综合评价认为‘科拉蒂’‘佛奥’‘配多灵’在主栽区叶形表型性状相对其他品种较稳定。本文探讨了不同油橄榄品种的叶片表型性状多样性,将为油橄榄种质资源保存以及优良品种选育和早期形态识别提供参考。

关键词：油橄榄 olea europaea 叶片表型性状相关性分析

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The Actual Trends of Olive Growing in Albania

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第6期1卷 733-740页

作者： Dritan Topi Fadil Thomaj Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Tirana Tirana 1010 Albania Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Agriculture University of Tirana Tirana 1007 Albania

The olive tree （olea europaea） owns the status of national patrimony in Albania. In the past, olive plantations were dictated by Agricultural Policies, where olive trees were cultivated mainly in marginal lowland areas and hills. The highest efficiency in olive production is reached mainly in the Southern and Central regions of the country. After 1990s, olive farming has been highly impacted due to shifts in the economic system. Its interest in the economical aspect is going to be very important in the near future. The government has developed a national scheme for the intensification of olive farming by increasing the planted area by 60,000 ha, or in total to 20 million olive trees. Our study presents an overall view of actual trends of olive farming, olive industry, subsequent environmental problems resulting from farming and olive mills by-products, and finally the role that the government has to play in that sector,

关键词： olea europaea olive fanning rural economy developing countries environmental impact Albania.

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Water Consumption and Vegetative Growth Progress in Resistant and Susceptible Olive Cultivars Infected by Verticillium dahliae

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 230-238页

作者： Fahima Birem Esteban Alcántara-Vara Francisco Javier López-Escudero Departamento de Agronomía Universidad de Córdoba-Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario cei A3 Edificio C4 Campus de Rabanales Córdoba Spain

Purpose: Water consumption and vegetative growth in resistant (“Frantoio”) and susceptible (“Picual”) olive cultivars infected with Verticillium dahliae were assessed. Methods: Plants were inoculated with the pathogen and disease evaluated in growth chamber. Mean daily water consumption and vegetative growth were recorded during 13 weeks. Results: Water consumption significantly decreased in inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants during the 3rd - 6th weeks after inoculation period. From the 9th week, a significantly lower consumption occurred in infected “Picual” plants compared with “Frantoio” plants. Vegetative growth was reduced in inoculated plants of both cultivars, although the reduction of the fresh weight was remarkably higher in “Picual” compared with controls due to defoliation and tissue desiccation, impeding the production of new shoots and leaves. Conversely, in “Frantoio”, defoliation was significantly reduced to low levels. Conclusions: Water consumption and vegetative growth in plants of resistant (“Frantoio”) and susceptible (“Picual”) olive cultivars inoculated by Verticillium dahliae were consistently associated with the progress of the wilt symptoms and the level of resistance of the cultivar. Growth and water consumption reductions in “Picual” were irreversible in almost all plants, while “Frantoio” plants were able to maintain water translocation, overcome the infection and avoid vascular occlusion, and restart vegetative growth.

关键词： Defoliating Pathotype Disease Recovery olea europaea Verticillium Wilt of Olive

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