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Carbon Stock of Larch Plantations and Its Comparison with an old-growth forest in Northeast China

Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第1期26卷 10-21页

作者： QI Guang CHEN Hua ZHOU Li WANG Xinchuang ZHOU Wangming QI Lin YANG Yuhua YANG Fengling WANG Qingli DAI Limin State Key Laboratory of forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164China Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Hilly Area Pingdingshan UniversityPingdingshan 467000China Department of Biology University of Illinois at SpringfieldSpringfieldIllinois 62703USA Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000China

The overall goal of this study was to understand carbon(C) stock dynamics in four different-aged Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi) plantations in Northeast China that were established after clear-cutting old-growth Korean pine deciduous forests. Four Japanese larch plantations which were at 10, 15, 21, and 35 years old and an old-growth Korean pine deciduous forest which was 300 years old in Northeast China were selected and sampled. We compared the C pools of biomass(tree, shrub and herb), litterfall(LF), and soil organic carbon(SOC) among them. The biomass C stock of larch plantation at 10, 15, 21, and 35 years old was 26.8, 37.9, 63.6, and 83.2 Mg/ha, respectively, while the biomass C stock of the old-growth Korean pine deciduous forest was 175.1 Mg/ha. The SOC stock of these larch plantations was 172.1, 169.7, 140.3, and 136.2 Mg/ha respectively, and SOC stock of 170.4 Mg/ha in the control of old-growth forest. The biomass C stock increased with stand age of larch plantations, whereas SOC stock decreased with age, and C stock of LF did not change significantly(P > 0.05). The increase of biomass C offset the decline of SOC stock with age, making total carbon stock(TCS) of larch plantations stable from stand ages of 10–35 years. The TCS in larch plantations was much smaller than that in the old-growth forest, suggesting that the conversion of old-growth forests to young larch plantations releases substantial C into the atmosphere.

关键词： larch plantation old-growth forest biomass carbon soil organic carbon total carbon stocks

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Stable reverse J-shaped diameter distribution occurs in an old-growth karst forest

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第6期35卷 135-147页

作者： Yuanfa Li Jie Li Liting Wei Guangxi Key Laboratory of forest Ecology and Conservation Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest PlantationCollege of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China Laibin Jinxiu Dayaoshan forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi Laibin 545700People’s Republic of China

The reverse J-shaped diameter distribution is considered an inherent attribute of natural forests,cru-cial for forest resource utilization and community ***,in karst regions,intense habitat heterogeneity might alter species composition,spatial distribution,growth,biomass allocation,and mortality processes,yet its impact on diameter structure remains unclear.A fixed plot of 200 m×110 m was established in the Nanpan River Basin,Southwest China,within an old-growth oak forest(>300 years old),and the influence of site substrates(i.e.,rock and soil),topographic factors,sample area,and orientation on diameter distribution was *** on both rock and soil exhibited a reverse-J shape,quantifiable Project funding:This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060340 and 31400542),the Scientific Research Capacity Building Project for Laibin Jinxiu Dayaoshan forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi(22-035-130-01).through the Weibull *** substrates had a similar density,approximately 2100 plants/***,the average and range of diameter of trees on rock were smaller than those on soil,suggesting that rock constrains tree *** diameter distribution of trees across microtopography also displayed a reverse-J ***,higher elevations and sunny slopes showed a greater curvature of diameter classes compared to lower elevations and shady slopes,indicating habitat preferences in karst *** area and orientation had minimal effects on diameter class curve that reached stability when the plot size was 6000 *** results suggest that the reverse J-shaped diameter distribution prevails at small scales in karst old-growth forests,encompassing multiple curvatures and spanning forest ecosystems.

关键词： old-growth forest Diameter distribution Karst Habitat heterogeneity Microtopography

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Soil functional indicators in mixed beech forests are clearly species-specifi c

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Journal of forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1033-1049页

作者： Yahya Kooch Neda Ghorbanzadeh Samaneh Hajimirzaaghaee Markus Egli Faculty of Natural Resources&Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489MazandaranIran Faculty of Natural Resources University of GuilanSowmeh Sara 4432-3136GuilanIran Faculty of Natural Resources University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesSariIran Department of Geography University of ZürichZurichSwitzerland

Beech stands are considered part of the ancient forest ecosystems in the northern *** mixed stands in beach forest ecosystems,the type of associated tree species can signifi cantly aff ect soil functions,but their infl uence on microbial activity,nutrient cycling and belowground properties is ***,we considered forest patches in northern Iran that are dominated by diff erent tree species:Fagus orientalis Lipsky,Quercus castaneifolia ***.,Pterocarya fraxinifolia(Lam.),Tilia begonifolia Stev.,Zelkova carpinifolia Dippe,Acer cappadocicum Gled,Acer velutinum Boiss.,Fraxinus excelsior L.,Carpinus betulus L.,and Alnus subcordata *** each forest patch–tree species,litter and soil samples(25×25×10 cm,100 of each)were analyzed for determine soil and litter properties and their relationship with tree *** litter decomposition rate during a 1-year experiment was also determined.A PCA showed a clear diff erence between selected litter and soil characteristics among tree ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** enhanced soil microbial biomass of carbon,whereas patches with ***,*** and *** had faster litter decomposition and enhanced biotic activities and C and N ***,soil function indicators were species-specifi c in the mixed beech ***(a N-fi xing species),*** and *** were main drivers of microbial activities related to nutrient cycling in the old-growth beech forest.

关键词： old-growth forest Deciduous tree species Soil fertility Microbial activities Carbon and nitrogen cycle

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Influence of individual tree characteristics,spatial structure and logging history on tree-related microhabitat occurrence in North American hardwood forests

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forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 357-372页

作者： Maxence Martin Patricia Raymond Yan Boucher Département des Sciences fondamentales Université du Québec à Chicoutimi555boul.de l’UniversitéChicoutimiQuébec G7H 2B1Canada Institut de la recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue445boul.de l’UniversitéRouyn-NorandaQuébec J9X 5E4Canada Centre d'étude de la forêt Université du Québec à MontréalP.O.Box 8888Centre-ville StationMontréalQuébec H3C 3P8Canada Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêtsde la Faune et des Parcs(MFFP)2700rue EinsteinQuébecQuébec G1P 3W8Canada

Background:Tree-related microhabitats(hereafter,"TreMs")are key components of forest biodiversity but they are still poorly known in North American hardwood *** spatial patterns of living trees bearing TreMs(hereafter,"TreM-trees")also remain to be *** logging practices can lead to a loss of TreM-trees and of their associated biodiversity,it is essential to identify the factors explaining TreM occurrence to better integrate them into forest *** therefore inventoried TreMs in 40.5-ha survey strips in northern hardwood forests in Quebec,Canada,while recording the spatial location of each *** strips were located in unmanaged oldgrowth forests,and 2 were in forests managed under selection *** 4 stands were dominated by sugar maple(Acer saccharum Marsh.)and American beech(Fagus grandifolia Ehrn.).Beech bark disease,an exotic pathology,was observed in all the ***:Large diameter at breast height and low tree vigor were the main characteristics explaining the presence of TreMs at the tree ***-trees presented slight spatial aggregation *** aggregates,however,were not well-defined and were generally constituted by a large number of trees bearing few different types of *** TreM classes(broken branch or top and woodpecker lodge)also presented a spatial *** practices had no significant effect on TreM *** bark disease increased the frequency of senescent *** impact of this pathology on TreMs was however mitigated by the small size of infected trees and probably by the short time elapsed since its ***:The factors explaining the presence and abundance of TreMs on trees has so far been little studied in North American hardwood *** results highlight that TreM-tree characteristics in the surveyed forests are consistent with those of previous studies conducted in other forest types and regions(e.g.,Europe or Northwestern America).To our knowledge,th

关键词： Habitat trees Wildlife habitat Northern hardwoods old-growth forest Selection cutting Ecosystembased management Biodiversity indicators Conservation forest management

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The importance of large-diameter trees to the creation of snag and deadwood biomass

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 380-393页

作者： James A.Lutz Soren Struckman Sara J.Germain Tucker J.Furniss Department of Wildland Resources S.J.and Jessie E.Quinney College of Natural ResourcesUtah State University5230 Old Main HillLoganUT 84322-5230USA

Background:Baseline levels of tree mortality can,over time,contribute to high snag densities and high levels of deadwood(down woody debris)if fire is infrequent and decomposition is *** can be important for tree recruitment,and it plays a major role in terrestrial carbon cycling,but deadwood is rarely examined in a spatially explicit ***:Between 2011 and 2019,we annually tracked all trees and snags≥1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood≥10 cm diameter and≥1 m in length in 25.6 ha of Tsuga heterophylla/Pseudotsuga menziesii *** analyzed the amount,biomass,and spatial distribution of deadwood,and we assessed how various causes of mortality that contributed uniquely to deadwood ***:Compared to aboveground woody live biomass of 481 Mg ha^(−1)(from trees≥10 cm diameter),snag biomass was 74 Mg ha^(−1) and deadwood biomass was 109 Mg ha^(−1)(from boles≥10 cm diameter).Biomass from large-diameter trees(≥60 cm)accounted for 85%,88%,and 58%,of trees,snags,and deadwood,*** aboveground woody live and dead biomass was 668 Mg ha^(−1).The annual production of downed wood(≥10 cm diameter)from tree boles averaged 4 Mg ha^(−1) yr^(−1).Woody debris was spatially heterogeneous,varying more than two orders of magnitude from 4 to 587 Mg ha^(−1) at the scale of 20 m×20 m *** all causes of deadwood creation varied in importance between large-diameter trees and small-diameter *** of standing stems and deadwood had weak inverse distributions,reflecting the long period of time required for trees to reach large diameters following antecedent tree mortalities and the centennial scale time required for deadwood ***:old-growth forests contain large stores of biomass in living trees,as well as in snag and deadwood biomass pools that are stable long after tree *** biomass(or carbon)in deadwood pools can lead to substantial underestimations of sequestration and stability.

关键词： Carbon sequestration old-growth forest Pseudotsuga menziesii Tree mortality Tsuga heterophylla Wind River forest Dynamics Plot

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Nitrogen and phosphorus translocation of forest floor mosses as affected by a pulse of these nutrients

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第5期13卷 633-640页

作者： Xin Liu Zhe Wang Xiaoming Li Weikai Bao Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Normal UniversityMianyang 621000China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China

Aims Mosses are dominant in many ecosystems where nutrients from deposition are one of the main nutrient ***,it is difficult to evaluate mosses’role in nutrient cycling without knowledge of how mosses use deposited nutrient *** fill this gap,the present study aims to investigate:(i)how nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations of new-grown segments change along a gradient of N or P amount in a pulse treatment?(ii)how do a pulse of major nutrient(N or P)affect N or P translocation rate along a moss shoot?and(iii)to what extent do N or P translocation rates link to nutrient status of the new-grown segments of mosses?Methods We measured N and P concentrations of segments with different ages in two dominant forest floor mosses,Actinothuidium hookeri and Hylocomium splendens,on 8 days and 1 year after N and P pulse treatment with an in situ experiment in a subalpine fir forest in eastern Tibetan *** Findings Both mosses were efficient in taking up nutrients from a pulse of either N or *** and P concentrations of new-grown segments were affected by nutrient pulse *** N and P concentration changes were attributed to the initial N and P concentration of the young segments harvested 8 days after nutrient pulse treatments,suggesting that the captured nutrients were reallocated to the new-grown segments via translocation,which was largely controlled by a source-sink *** no significant relationship was found between N translocation rate and N:P ratio of the new-grown segments,P translocation rate explained 21%-23%of the variance of N:P ratio of the new-grown segments,implying importance of P transport in supporting the new-grown *** results suggest that nutrient(N,P)translocation is a key process for mosses to utilize intermittent nutrient supply,and thus make mosses an important nutrient pool of the ecosystem.

关键词： forest floor mosses nutrient resorption nutrient cycling nutrient pulse old-growth forest

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