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Impacts of oil exploration (oil and Gas Conflicts;Niger Delta as a Case Study)

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第3期11卷 189-200页

作者： Adeshina Temitayo Bello Treasure Nwaeke Faculty of Law Adeleke University Ede Osun State Nigeria

The discovery of oil and Gas in Nigeria led to exploration of crude oil for revenue basis. oil exploration and exploitation caused environmental problems which resulted into major conflicts in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The article examines the impact of oil exploration, and oil and gas conflicts in Niger Delta area and it highlights the problems of pipeline vandalism, structure of oil and gas and the general obstacles in the industry. It discovers that pipeline vandalism, crude oil theft, pollution, oil spillage causes serious environmental degradation which resulted into serious conflicts. The article discovered that environmental problems in the area dislodged the people of their means of livelihood both in the area of fishing and farming. It recommends that there should be a compelling environmental restoration of natural resources by deploying land treatment technologies. Government should sanction multinational companies discharging oils or creating environmental pollution through necessary laws and regulations.

关键词： Environmental Pollution Degradation oil exploration oil and Gas Conflicts

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The Effect of Ad Hoc Management on Alaska’s North Slope Winter oil exploration Season

The Effect of Ad Hoc Management on Alaska’s North Slope Win...

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Asian Conference on Permafrost

作者： Sherri L.Wall University of Alaska Fairbanks

Over the last 30 years,the length of the winter tundra travel season allowing oil exploration on Alaska’s North Slope has declined from 200 days in the early 1970’s to 100 days in *** narrowing operating window,attributed to climate change,poses a threat to the fiscal stability of the State of Alaska and the energy security of the United *** implications to Alaska’s economy from declining oil revenues are profound since oil royalties and taxes account for 84 percent of the State’s general fund ***,with 19 percent of ***,Alaska’s oil reduces the nation’s dependency on unstable foreign oil *** shortened season has been prolifically cited as an indicator of climate change in publications,climate change conferences,and news *** Department of Natural Resources（DNR） has responsibility for making the yearly determination of when tundra conditions are suitable to declare a "general opening" for winter *** has roughly followed a heuristic "12 ＆ 6" standard which requires 12 inches of frost to be present in the active layer and 6 inches of snow coverage for vegetation *** standard was incorporated into the environmental impact statement（EIS）prepared in 1975 for the Navy’s exploration of what is now the National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska（NPR-A）.The objective of this research was to review DNR’s management history in conjunction with statistical analysis of available scientific data to determine how much of the declining season can be attributed to climate change as compared to management *** results suggest that ad hoc management has been responsible for 85% of Alaska’s shortened oil exploration season.

关键词： Alaska oil exploration climate change tundra natural resource decision making active layer

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Produced Water from oil and Gas exploration—Problems, Solutions and Opportunities

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第2期14卷 142-185页

作者： Feras Salem Thies Thiemann Department of Biology College of Science United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Chemistry College of Science United Arab Emirates University Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Large volumes of water are generated in gas- and oil-production. This includes the water that is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While currently much of the produced water is either reinjected or disposed of after treatment, treated produced water is increasingly seen as an interesting resource, especially in water-scarce regions. This review looks at different PW treatment methods available, with an emphasis on the management of PW in oil- and gas production on the Arabian Peninsula.

关键词： Produced Water oil exploration Gas exploration Water Treatment Methodology Membrane Separation Arabian Peninsula

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Advanced development in upstream of petroleum industry using nanotechnology

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第6期28卷 1483-1491页

作者： Sedigheh Sadegh Hassani Maryam Daraee Zahra Sobat Catalysis research Division Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)West Entrance Blvd.Olympic VillageP.O.Box 14857-33111TehranIran Nanotechnology Research Center Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)West Entrance Blvd.Olympic VillageP.O.Box 14857-33111TehranIran

Nowadays,energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil,gas and coal *** of rapid population,civilization and energy consumption growth,the improved technologies to make optimal use of the sources,solving related problems and finding new energy sources are *** than 10 years ago,nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies has also been applied to progress in the oil and gas industry(upstream,midstream and downstream).The experience of these years has shown that application of nanotechnology in the oil industry improves the exploration of crude oil and natural gas(underground or deep water),drilling and bringing the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface,as well as transportation,storage,processing and purifying *** with high specific surface area,pore volume and small size show unique physical and chemical properties,which could be applied in several *** this regard,many researchers have been focused on various nanoparticles for upstream industries and studied their potential in oil exploration,drilling,production and enhanced oil recovery(EOR).Also,in downstream and midstream which involve refining of crude oil,processing and purifying of raw natural gas,transportation and storage of crude or refined petroleum products,the nanomaterials have been used to improve the quality of oil and make it appropriate for the *** sulfur gasoline,enhancing the octane number and coating the transportation system are among the goals that have been achieved successfully using *** this work,various types of nanoparticles such as metallic,metal oxide,hybrid nanoparticles,carbon nanomaterials,nano-composites and their applications in oil upstream industry are ***,their usage in different types of oil upstream processes is discussed.

关键词： Nanotechnology oil exploration oil drilling Nanoparticles Enhanced oil recovery

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A new type of fiber Bragg grating based seismic geophone

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Applied Geophysics 2009年第1期6卷 84-92,104页

作者：陶果张向林刘新茹陈少华刘统玉油气资源与探测国家重点实验室光纤传感技术分实验室中国石油大学(北京)102249 中海油服技术中心机电研究所燕郊101149 渤海钻探大港测井公司天津300280 山东省科学院激光研究所山东济南250014

Aimed at the poor performance of conventional geophones in exploration for deeper and complex targets, we present the principle and theoretical design of a new geophone based on the optical fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensing technology. The important parameters such as response functions are calculated theoretically. Because of the advantages of FBG sensing technology, the new FBG geophone has a high dynamic range of 94dB at （10-200 Hz）. This new generation of geophones will have wide use in seismic prospecting due to its higher sensitivity, lighter weight, and lower cost.

关键词： oil exploration fiber optical sensor seismic data acquisition

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Evaluation of Limestone Interval in the Drilled Surface Section of Bn-1 oil Well

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第8期8卷 515-524页

作者： Ali K. Darwesh Thorkild Maack Rasmussen Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The first exploration oil well in any oil block consumes in general more time and cost than the other wells in the same block. Evaluating the drilled wells serves to improve the future operations. This paper evaluates the drilled surface section through real field data for the first exploration oil well drilled in one of the oil blocks, in Kurdistan north of Iraq. The surface section of the well was drilled with the conventional method to penetrate many different geological formations with tight intervals. Drilling efficiency and the difficulties encountered are discussed and explained using various data sources. All daily drilling reports concerning a specific interval were studied. This includes weight on bit, string rotation, mud pump flow and penetration rate. Evaluation was carried out by analyzing the used controllable drilling parameters with the formations features. Penetration of the Pila Spi formation (Middle Eocene) was the most difficult formation in the drilled section. Microsoft Office 365 Pro Plus used in making graphs and Excel tables. Evaluations showed that the conventional technology used left many negative effects, like increase in None Productive Time NPT, cost and ground water pollution. Simultaneous Casing Drilling method proposed as an alternative method for the future campaign.

关键词： oil exploration Drilling Casing Torque Penetration Rate Formation Spud

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计算机辅助地震解释系统模拟试验研究

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上海交通大学学报 1986年第2期 55-63+140页

作者：蔡国廉沈辉忠上海交通大学图象处理与模式识别研究所

石油勘探中,三维地震数据的显示已成为研究复杂地层构造区域的公认的勘探工具。这种技术即是八十年代兴起的计算机辅助地震数据解释系统(CASI)。它能将庞大的地震数据在屏幕上进行各种显示,使解释人员可从烦杂而费时的手工劳动中解脱,... 详细信息

石油勘探中,三维地震数据的显示已成为研究复杂地层构造区域的公认的勘探工具。这种技术即是八十年代兴起的计算机辅助地震数据解释系统(CASI)。它能将庞大的地震数据在屏幕上进行各种显示,使解释人员可从烦杂而费时的手工劳动中解脱,使解释精度和工效提高,同时能进一步揭示地下一些复杂的地质构造情况,使勘探打井的命中率提高。

关键词： oil exploration 3D-display seismic interpretation system interactive display

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