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Predicting Ailanthus altissima presence across a managed forest landscape in southeast ohio

Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 261-273页

作者： Louis R.Iverson Joanne Rebbeck Matthew P.Peters Todd Hutchinson Timothy Fox Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service

Background: The negative impacts of the exotic tree, Ailanthus altissima(tree-of-heaven, stink tree), is spreading throughout much of the Eastern United States. When forests are disturbed, it can invade and expand quickly if seed sources are ***: We conducted studies at the highly dissected Tar Hollow State Forest(THSF) in southeastern ohio USA,where Ailanthus is widely distributed within the forest, harvests have been ongoing for decades, and prescribed fire had been applied to about a quarter of the study area. Our intention was to develop models to evaluate the relationship of Ailanthus presence to prescribed fire, harvesting activity, and other landscape characteristics, using this ohio location as a case study. Field assessments of the demography of Ailanthus and other stand attributes(e.g., fire, harvesting, stand structure) were conducted on 267 sample plots on a 400-m grid throughout THSF,supplemented by identification of Ailanthus seed-sources via digital aerial sketch mapping during the dormant season. Statistical modeling tools Random Forest(RF), Classification and Regression Trees(CART), and Maxent were used to assess relationships among attributes, then model habitats suitable for Ailanthus ***: In all, 41 variables were considered in the models, including variables related to management activities, soil characteristics, topography, and vegetation structure(derived from LiDAR). The most important predictor of Ailanthus presence was some measure of recent timber harvest, either mapped harvest history(CART) or LiDARderived canopy height(Maxent). Importantly, neither prescribed fire or soil variables appeared as important predictors of Ailanthus presence or absence in any of the models of the ***: These modeling techniques provide tools and methodologies for assessing landscapes for Ailanthus invasion, as well as those areas with higher potentials for invasion should seed sources become available. Though a case study on

关键词： ohio Random Forest CART Maxent Landscape model Non-native invasive species

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The Invasive Species of Walhalla Area in Columbus, ohio

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第11期6卷 659-666页

作者： Mohannad G. Al-Saghir Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Ohio University Zanesville Zanesville Ohio USA

Invasive species are plants, animals, or pathogens that are non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm. Invasive species can harm both the natural resources in an ecosystem as well as threaten human use of these resources. Walhalla is an urban wooded ravine area (10 acre area) in the middle of Columbus, ohio. Many residents are actually actively planting new invasive species in a misguided attempt to prevent erosion on their property. Other properties are suffering from not-so-benign neglect, as the existing trees are slowly succumbing to insect infestation and rot (because of moisture trapped by ivy, etc.) and no new saplings are emerging to replace them (because of the thick ground cover). In both of these instances, it’s proving to be difficult to convince the landowners that they’re causing more harm than good—the local soil & water conservation people are all too eager to reinforce the notion that the ground must be covered with a blanket of impenetrable invasive species in order to prevent erosion. The objectives of this study were to collect and identify the invasive species in Walhalla area in order to educate the residents about these species and its impact on their properties and gardens;moreover, using the findings of this project to develop a plan to remove these dangerous species. This survey has documented 18 invasive species in 18 families. Two notable invasive species were found in this area, Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande and Hedera helix L. (English Ivy). The found invasive species have an abundant growth in the studied area. The studied area has had no previous botanical collecting. Therefore, the area was in an urgent need to be inventoried and analyzed in order to identify and document its invasive species. Moreover, these identified species will be used for educational purposes for the residents of this area and well rounded plan is developed to remove these

关键词： Walhalla Flora Invasive Species Inventory ohio

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Subsurface Facies Analysis of the Late Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone in Western ohio (Midcontinent North America)

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Open Journal of Geology 2012年第2期2卷 35-47页

作者： Aram Saeed James E. Evans Department of Geology Bowling Green State University Bowling Green USA ExxonMobil Exploration Company Houston USA

The Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone (MSS) is a possible unconventional gas reservoir in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian Basins, but comparatively little is known about the unit. This study used core and well logs from two deep exploratory wells to interpret the depositional environment of the MSS under western ohio, where the MSS is about 120 m thick and found 1060 m below ground surface. In western ohio, the MSS unconformably overlies the Precambrian Middle Run Formation, is conformably overlain by the Cambrian Eau Claire Formation, and has a distinctive gamma-ray log-signature. In well DGS-2627, the MSS consists of tan, friable, moderately sorted, rounded, coarse- to very coarse-grained siliceous quartz arenite with minor heterolithic sandstone-mudstone couplets (rhythmites) and quartz granule conglomerate. Features indicative of tidally-influenced, shallow marine settings include tidal rhythmites, lenticular-, flaser-, and wavy-bedding, herringbone cross-bedding, mud-drapes, tidal bundles, reactivation surfaces, intraclasts, and bioturbation. The unit generally coarsens- and thickens-upward, and is interpreted as migration of a tidally-influenced transgressive barrier sequence. A subsurface facies model for the MSS is developed by interpreting geophysical logs and cores from DGS-2627l, and this model is semi-quantitatively tested by first interpreting well BP-4 using geophysical logs alone, then confirming the results using core.

关键词： Mt. Simon Sandstone Cambrian ohio Depositional Environment Subsurface Facies Analysis Natural Gas Petroleum Midcontinent North America

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Using Crop Management Scenario Simulations to Evaluate the Sensitivity of the ohio Phosphorus Risk Index

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第2期8卷 141-158页

作者： Elizabeth A. Dayton Christopher H. Holloman Sakthi Subburayalu Mark D. Risser School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Statistical Consulting Services Department of Statistics The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

Phosphorus (P) risk indices are commonly used in the USA to estimate the field-scale risk of agricultural P runoff. Because the ohio P Risk Index is increasingly being used to judge farmer performance, it is important to evaluate weighting/scoring of all P Index parameters to ensure ohio farmers are credited for practices that reduce P runoff risk and not unduly penalized for things not demonstrably related to runoff risk. A sensitivity analysis provides information as to how sensitive the P Index score is to changes in inputs. The objectives were to determine 1) which inputs are most highly associated with P Index scores and 2) the relative impact of each input variable on resultant P Index scores. The current approach uses simulations across 6134 ohio point locations and five crop management scenarios (CMSs), representing increasing soil disturbance. The CMSs range from all no-till, which is being promoted in ohio, rotational tillage, which is a common practice in ohio to full tillage to represent an extreme practice. Results showed that P Index scores were best explained by soil test P (31.9%) followed by connectivity to water (29.7%), soil erosion (13.4%), fertilizer application amount (11.3%), runoff class (9.5%), fertilizer application method (2.2%), and finally filter strip (2.0%). ohio P Index simulations across CMSs one through five showed that >40% scored 45 points (very high). Given ohio water quality problems, the ohio P Index needs to be stricter. The current approach is useful for ohio P Index evaluations and revision decisions by spatially illustrating the impact of potential changes regionally and state-wide.

关键词： ohio P Index Sensitivity Analysis P Index Simulations RUSLE2 Simulations Crop Management Simulations

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Assessment of Selective Reduction Strategies over Northeastern Regions of ohio Using a Photochemical Grid Model—A Case Study

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2015年第2期5卷 106-119页

作者： Jhumoor Biswas Kevin Crist Saikat Ghosh Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management Kolkata India Department of Chemical Engineering Ohio University Athens Ohio USA

This study is primarily focused on Cleveland-Akron-Lorain nonattainment area in northeastern ohio. The base year 2002 considered in this study witnessed one of the worst cases of ozone pollution in this region with ozone values exceeding previous 8-hour ozone standards of 84 ppb. The photochemical modeling system CAMx was applied to compute relative reduction factors, which were used subsequently to scale the base year (2002) values at the ozone monitoring sites to estimate the ozone design values for the year 2009 in Cleveland area for different emissions reduction scenarios. The results disclose that the largest change in the 2009 ozone design values consequent to applying auxiliary emission control strategies is between 1 and 1.5 ppb, which still left certain counties in northeastern ohio unable to demonstrate attainment. The results are important in the development of emission control strategies in today’s context with instillation of even more stringent ozone standards and potential future increases in ozone concentrations due to climate change.

关键词： 8-Hour Ozone Non-Attainment Emission Reduction Relative Reduction Factor Source Apportionment Northeastern Regions of ohio Photochemical Grid Model

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The Way Out——On George Willard's Initiation in Winesburg, ohio

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校园英语 2018年第52期 235-237页

作者：刘晓娟首都师范大学大英部

This essay analyses George Willard’s progress through his communication and love affairs with the townspeople, and his struggle to find a way out.

关键词： George Willard initiation Winesburg ohio

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Calling for Goddesses in Winesburg ohio

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海外英语 2013年第8X期 174-175页

作者：付燕重庆师范大学涉外商贸学院重庆401520

Winesburg ohio , by Sherwood Anderson, depicts a group of people living in a transitional period where the human society was undergoing a sudden change from an agrarian society into a modern industrial one. This artic... 详细信息

关键词： Winesburg ohio industrialization grotesque Goddess

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Grotesque's Loneliness and George's Growth In “Winesburg, ohio” by Sherwood Anderson

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科技信息 2007年第31期 173-173页

作者：许丽丽辽宁师范大学外语学院辽宁大连116029

Sherwood Anderson is called the first of American psychological writers. "Winesburg, ohio" is the first work of fiction to expose the frustration, and inhibition behind the typical small town. Every grotesque in Winesburg had such a kind of tragic experience. Winesburg is the epitome of all mid-western small towns. Anderson explores the damages by industrialization to the middle westerners. George with all grotesques’ hopes and wishes to leave Winesburg, just like a moment of illustration in the darkness.

关键词： growth Sherwood Anderson Winesburg ohio

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Evaluation of habitat quality for selected wildlife species associated with island back channels

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第4期3卷 301-310页

作者： James T. Anderson Andrew K. Zadnik Petra Bohall Wood Kerry Bledsoe Division of Forestry and Natural Resources and Environmental Research Center West Virginia University Morgantown USA US Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit West Virginia University Morgantown USA West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Section Fairmont USA Wildlife and Fisheries Resources Division of Forestry West Virginia University Morgantown USA

The islands and associated back channels on the ohio River, USA, are believed to provide critical habitat features for several wildlife species. However, few studies have quantitatively evaluated habitat quality in these areas. Our main objective was to evaluate the habitat quality of back and main channel areas for several species using habitat suitability index (HSI) models. To test the effectiveness of these models, we attempted to relate HSI scores and the variables measured for each model with measures of relative abundance for the model species. The mean belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) HSI was greater on the main than back channel. However, the model failed to predict kingfisher abundance. The mean reproduction component of the great blue heron (Ardea herodias) HSI, total common muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) HSI, winter cover component of the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) HSI, and brood-rearing component of the wood duck (Aix sponsa) HSI were all greater on the back than main channel, and were positively related with the relative abundance of each species. We found that island back channels provide characteristics not found elsewhere on the ohio River and warrant conservation as important riparian wildlife habitat. The effectiveness of using HSI models to predict species abundance on the river was mixed. Modifications to several of the models are needed to improve their use on the ohio River and, likely, other large rivers.

关键词： Habitat Suitability Index Island Back Channel Model Validation ohio River Riparian Wildlife

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Domestic Water Supply Dynamics Using Stable Isotopes δ18O, δD, and d-Excess

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第16期6卷 1517-1532页

作者： Deborah Leslie Kathleen Welch William Berry Lyons School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus USA

Surface water is the greatest contributor to many water supplies in urbanized areas. Understanding local water sources and seasonality is important in evaluating water resource management, which is essential to ensure the sustainability of water supplies to provide potable water. Here we describe the municipal water cycle of Columbus, ohio, USA, using δ18O, δD, and d-excess, and follow water from precipitation through surface reservoirs to a residential tap between May 2010 and November 2011. We show that trends in water isotopic composition of ohio precipitation have a seasonal character with more negative values during the winter months and more positive values during the summer months. The year of 2011 was the wettest year on record in Central ohio, with many months having high d-excess values (>+15‰), suggestive of increased moisture recycling, and possibly moisture introduced from more local sources. Tap waters experienced little lag time in the managed system, having a residence time of ~2 months in the reservoirs. Tap waters and reservoir waters preserved the isotopic signal of the precipitation, but the reservoir morphology also influenced the water residence time, and hence, the isotopic relationship to the precipitation. The reservoirs supplied by the Scioto River function like a river system with a fast throughput of water. The other reservoirs display more constant solute concentrations, longer flow-through times, and more lacustrine qualities. This work provides a basic understanding of a regional water supply system in Central ohio and helps characterize the water flow in the system. These data will provide useful baseline information for the future as urban populations grow and the climate and hydrologic cycle changes.

关键词： ohio Precipitation Municipal Water Supply Moisture Recycling Reservoir Residence Time

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